Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, Lyaoyanskoe nkhondo: ophunzira, zotsatira

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo 1904-1905 amavutika chifukwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, udasintha modabwitsa zofuna geopolitical wa Russian Ufumu. Ngakhale States zikuluzikulu za padziko lapansi ndisanaphunzire mmene angachitire ndi nkhani zikuluzikulu geopolitical popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi, chotero, amene anakhudzidwa anthu.

Zimayambitsa Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo

1. Kulimbikitsa a mgwirizano pakati Russia ndi China. Amadziwika kuti mpaka 90 ntchentche za m'ma 19, chamene mfundo Russian wachilendo ku Balkans, koma kulimbitsa ubwenzi ikuyamba ndi 1894, ndi China. Russia wapereka kwa State zamtendere ndi asilikali thandizo mu nkhondo ndi Japan.
2. Mkangano wa zofuna pakati Russia ndi Japan mawu a chikoka mu Asia ndi Manchuria.

Strategic zolakwa ndi kupambana kwa nkhondo

Poyamba, zinali zoonekeratu kuti asilikali a ku Japan si kukonzekera nkhondo yaitali. Koma asilikali Russian ankakhulupirira kuti amwenye angakambirane ndi maiko a ku Ulaya ndi bungwe nkhondo ziŵiri. Izi kunali kulakwa njira ya usilikali Russian ndi akazembe. Komanso, Russia, poganiza okwana mphamvu retardation la Japan (by njira, komanso kulakwitsa), ine ndikuganiza kuti pa Western Front adzafunika mphamvu kwambiri kuposa mu East. dongosolo Russian anali tikubweretsazi yotopetsa protracted nkhondo imene mwezi 7-8-TH chikwaniritsidwa chigonjetso pa nyanja ndi ankafika pa zilumba. Iwo imangolongeza chifukwa cha dongosolo Japanese, lingaliro zoyambirira amene anali m'kanthawi kugunda pa Pacific Squadron ndi kulanda ulamuliro wa kunyanja.

The chiŵerengero cha mphamvu pa nyanja

Russia ndi Japan kwa zaka zingapo nkhondo inali itayamba kale kuchita kulimbitsa fleets awo. Russia anali kale mu Crimea nkhondo, amene anasonyeza kufunika bwino nyanja. Kungoganiza kusapeŵeka kwa nkhondo kum'mawa kwa Japan, asilikali apeza ntchito yaikulu - kulimbitsa ya Pacific zombo.

Motero, tikambirana boma la fleets wa mayiko. Chiwerengero cha zombo za Russian Ufumu wa kum'mawa kwa 1904 anali wofanana 64. Mwa ofunkha zinthu izi - 35 analinso cruisers, Nkhondo, maboti chachikulu. Numerically kuposa Japanese zombo Russia. wowonongayo Only anapatsidwa 47. The chiwerengero cha a Bulu la Japan anakwana mayunitsi 87. Monga tikuonera, chiwerengero cha Navy Japan chinaposa Russian squadron pa zombo, 23. Mwina Russia ndi chidaliro mu chapamwamba luso, koma sizinagwire ntchito. zombo Japanese anali mofulumira, kuwombera bwino ndipo otetezeka katemera mdani.

Inayamba nkhondo

Kufulumira kwa - mbali zofunika kwambiri kupambana nkhondo. Asilikali a ku Japan, womwe ndi mphamvu za zombo, ndi January 27, kuyambira nkhondo pa mbali ziwiri. Onani kuti nkhondo zonse zinatha bwino kwa Japanese, ngakhale zombo ali anataya mphamvu. Nthawi yoyamba inali usiku Japanese. Amwenye squadron inkakhala zombo 25 mitundu itatu: ndi Nkhondo, cruisers, ofunkha. The shelling wa Russian ankadikira "Tsarevich" ndi "Ratzivan" zinawonongeka, komanso cruiser "Pallada". The unexpectedness la asilikali Russian kwenikweni sanathe kulimbana ndi kukana ya Japanese.

Kuukira chachiwiri zinachitika m'mawa wa tsiku lomwelo zinachititsa kuti analephera anadza wina 5 zombo Russian. Sitingathe kunena kuti kuwonongeka kwa zombo za ufumuwo anali oopsa, koma ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa zoipa kukonza chombo wakhala anapezerapo.

panali pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya tsiku? Tsopano kudziwika Korea Incheon anaitana Chemulpo. Kumayambiriro 1904, atazikika pa doko anaima 2 Russian ngalawa "Varyag" ndi "Korea". The Japanese anaukira magulu Russian la zombo 14. Zikuonekeratu kuti tsoka la zombo Russian wakhala kuzindikiridwa, koma kuwagonjetsa iwo mwamsanga, Japanese sakanakhoza mulimonse. Mkulu wa "Varyag" Rudnev amakhulupirira kuti tiyenera kuyesetsa kupewa chiombankhanga ya Japanese ndi kufikira Port Arthur. Pankhondo nyanja lomwe. Kuwononga "Varyag" sankandilola mwa lingaliro la Korea kugwiritsa, koma 3 sitima Japanese anali zopanda. Onani kuti amalinyero Russian sanataike ndipo anali kenako kupeza kunyumba.

Imfa ya Makarov

Atsogoleri a asilikali Russian anazindikira kuti Pacific zombo pa chiyambi cha nkhondo sanali chiyeso nkhondoyo. Kukhazikitsa usilikali analamula zombo anaika wotchuka wotsatila asilikali Makarov. Munthu uyu ankakhala nkhondowo zinachitikira, kotero anapirira bwino ndi ntchito.

M'mwezi wa ntchito wake zombo Russian zasintha. Makarov kwambiri chinawonjezeka mlingo wa usilikali, ndi Bulu anaukitsa gulu la ntchito. masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kukhala kotheka kuonjezera chiwerengero ndi bwino zombo kupita kunyanja. Inde, Japanese si wangokhala, kungokhala kusintha Mkhalidwe mu Russian apanyanja. lotulukira onse kuchokera ku Port Arthur zonse ncho. March 31, 1904 ndi cruiser "Petropavlovsk" imene tidapita pa bolodi ndi Makarov, anali litaphulitsidwa ndi Bomba. anthu onse amene anali m'ndegemo anafa.

Gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo

Chigonjetso mwa Navy Japanese kunapangitsa kuti bungwe boma chilumba unasamutsidwira Liaodong Peninsula ndithu ankafika mphamvu. Mwa njira, opaleshoni zinakonzedwa ndi bungwe pasadakhale, chifukwa chinsinsi pang'ono Japanese atagonjetsa mu Korea kuyambira yophukira 1903. Kumene, asilikali a ku Japan sanali kuchititsa mokwiya lotseguka. Tikuyankhula zokhudza anthu ku malo amene anali ochita malonda, amisiri, ndi zina zotero. D. Ntchito yaikulu ya magulu awa anali kukonzekera zinthu bwino ntchito ankafika, nzeru kusonkhana.

Kuyambira January 24 March 3 m'mbali Korea tidakocheza oposa 35,000 Japanese. Tiyenera kumvetsa bwino mphamvu Russian. Mphamvu onse a asilikali Asia analipo anthu 123 000. Awa, pafupifupi 24,000 anali mu Primorsky Gawo. Pa Kwantung Peninsula pafupifupi 30 chikwi. Russia 19000th asilikali asunga kumalire ndi Korea. Kumpoto China anali gawo pamalo abwino ofunika kwa tsarist. Panali zoposa zikwi 50 asilikali ankhondo achifumu. Land asilikali analamula General A. N. Kuropatkin.

Russian gulu kumalire ndi Korea anachita kuonera. Akuchedwa kwatanthauza kuti Japanese analephera kuukira 7000th Corral Russian ndi m'ndegemo. Chifukwa cha nkhondo, asilikali Russian wataya oposa 30 mfuti asilikali za 3 zikwi anaphedwa, ndipo amayenera abwerere makilomita 70. Lyaoyanskoe nkhondo inayamba ufumu analephera.

Jinzhou: kugonjetsedwa wina wa asilikali achifumu

Inde, ku Russia anali kukhulupirira kuti ukulu wake pa dziko, koma ichi iwo ankalakwitsa. asilikali wina Japanese tidakocheza pa Liaodong Peninsula April 22, 1904. chiwerengero cha gulu ili analinso 35 chikwi. Japanese mchitidwe anali kuti asalowe nkhondo ndi asilikali analamula A. N. Kuropatkin kupita kumtunda. Kumene, lamulo amwenye anamvetsa mavuto onse opaleshoni, kotero pa May 4 m'dera ankafika Dagushana analipo 15,000. Cholinga: kuphimba tiponye Jinzhou.

Japanese ulendo mumzindawo kwa masiku 19. Near mudzi uwu ndi ndime narrowest mu Gawo Kwantung anausiya. Russian gulu pa Korinto uyu anali pafupi 4 zikwi anthu. May 13 anali nkhondo yaitali. Ngakhale zomvetsa Japanese anali 3 zina zambiri, koma kulimbanako iwo anapambana. Chifukwa cha kupambana kwake, asilikali a ku Japan anatsegula njira zawo ku doko la m'tsogolo. Kumpoto China linali m'manja wonse wa mphamvu Japanese ndi asilikali Russian ankanena anadula Chrixitu.

kumenyana Komanso anapitiriza yosiyana bwino, ndi zomvetsa lalikulu makamu onse.

Lyaoyanskoe nkhondo

Mu August 1904 gawo lachitatu la nkhondo. Lyaoyanskoe nkhondo kale anakonza, chifukwa miyezi itatu pafupi malo amenewa kumanga malinga aakulu. Monga wa August 1904 chiwerengero cha Russian Manchurian Army anali 152,000, ndi mphamvu Japanese anali pa 22 zikwi zosakwana lapadera. Lyaoyanskoe nkhondo 1904 anapita mu mbiri monga chinthu chimene kwathunthu kuphwanya mzimu wa asilikali Russian.

Ngakhale nambala m'munsi, woyamba tiponye pa August 11 anapita Japanese. Iwo akhafuna adzazungulire Russia, kapena kwathunthu wodzipatula iwo kuchokera zotheka njira zatsopano akuyandikira mphamvu. kanthu a mphamvu Japanese nthawi zonse, chifukwa iwo, mosiyana ndi Russia amene anali kugwira ntchito kwambiri.

asilikali Kuropatkin anali sangathe kwambiri tingalimbanirane, chifukwa mtunda ku likulu ndi zoposa 7000 Km. Pa August 19, Japanese anagonja Kuropatkin mfundo ina pambuyo pake panali kuopseza adani Yantai. Pozindikira kuti palibe chikwaniritsidwa lamulo anaganiza abwerere kwa Mukden. nkhondo Lyaoyanskoe, zomwe gulu anataya okwana anthu 40 000 anasonyeza backwardness ndi kulephera kuyenda la asilikali Russian.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Kukamba za ndewu m'tsogolo, mfundo, palibe tanthauzo lapadera, chifukwa icho chinali bwino Japanese ndi kupweteka kwa Russia.

The zotsatira za nkhondo Russia adalemera kwambiri. Choncho, mu Portsmouth Mtendere wa 1905 ananena kuti:

1. Kumwera Sakhalin chimatsatira Japan.
2. Japan amalandira kubwereka Liaodong Peninsula.
3. Kutheka kwa sitima Japanese pa Liaodong Peninsula.
4. Achire wa asilikali Russian ku Manchuria.

Russia ndi Japan analowa mkangano zotsatira za Ndipo zimenezi, anamva lero, chifukwa pangano mtendere pakati Russia ndi Japan pa zotsatira za 1945, nkhondo silinakwaniritsidwe anamaliza.