Harmonization ndi standardization mapepala. Development wa yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization zolembedwa

patsogolo sayansi ndi luso ndi zikamera wa mitundu angapo umwini zinachititsa kuti patsogolo ubale malonda chuma ndi yamakolo. Zikuchepa itakula njira anthu anakhudzidwa kuchuluka mabuku a utuluke zomwe zifunika ntchito moyenera mayunitsi kasamalidwe.

Kodi kugwirizana kwa zikalata

Kaya kukula ndi kumunda: ngati zochita pagulu kapena makampani, maphunziro kapena zaumoyo - dzanja yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization zolembedwa pang'onopang'ono zokha mu maziko. Chiyambireni cha m'ma lapitali processing deta codify iwo pang'onopang'ono wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja njira makina, ndi zina - kwa makina.

Anapatsira kusalumikizana Kumasulira. Lingaliro la "yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization zikalata" pathupi pa nthawi imeneyi. Komabe, pamisinkhu onse mayendedwe ndi kuwongolera deta pali wina ndi vuto lomwelo. Bweretsani automate chisokonezeko n'zosathekadi, monga ndondomeko imeneyi iyenera yoyamba kugwirizana ndi standardization mapepala ambiri. M'mawu ena, pokhapokha mwa kukonza pepala, mukhoza kuyamba processing awo ndi ntchito.

Zolinga ndi zokhumba za yogwirizanitsa

Mbali zikuluzikulu za kukhathamiritsa wa nduna zaboma, zachuma ndi ntchito ina iliyonse ndi kugwirizana ndi standardization mapepala. Fotokozani mwachidule momwe lingaliro ili akhoza kubweretsa chikalata kuti Chinsinsi generic, yunifolomu dongosolo. Zimenezi kumakhudza yaikulu yokonza atangochimwa zolembedwa zilizonse. Mfundo za standardization ndi kugwirizana kwa zikalata ali motere:

1. mitundu United kalembedwe.
2. Atakhala amafuna yunifolomu kuti kalembera deta, chifukwa mu mtundu womwewo wa posankha zochita.
3. A kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama chikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za kukonzekera ndi yokongola zipangizo.
4. Kumenya ya Nawonso achichepere yunifolomu, kaya makampani ndi ntchito.

Nchito logwirizana mayendedwe

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti ntchito iliyonse kutsogolera ndi kulamulira bungwe, kampani, dziko, pambuyo pa zonse, ndi dongosolo limene zinthu zonse amakhala munthu kapena ntchito zina. Mwa iwo alipo ambiri (kapena lililonse) - iwo amene ali chibadidwe ntchito za bungwe lililonse: bungwe, utsogoleri, ntchito wamkulu wa mapulani, kuwerengera etc. Pakali pano, ntchito za mabungwe munthu ali chibadidwe ntchito yapadera. Mwachitsanzo, zolinga ndi mipherezero zochokera pa kukhazikitsa ntchito yophunzitsa zikusonyeza yekha za nzika za dera lino.

Kodi dongosolo la zolemba

dongosolo yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization chikalata kasamalidwe ndi chuma anapanga pa maziko a ubwenzi wawo ndi:

• yatsoka osankhika;
• kopita;
• makampani;
• kutayipa;
• zofunika kalembera wa.

ndi zikalata dongosolo wogwirizana Kodi

System zolembedwa kungakhale obschefunktsionalnoy ndi mafakitale. Pankhani mtundu woyamba, apa mafunso ayenera uka. Ndi mafakitale machitidwe monga chikalata kunyezimiritsa limatchula za ogwira ntchito kapena bungwe. Mwachitsanzo, standardization ndi harmonization zolembedwa miyambo adzakhala ali zipangizo kuti zonse pa boma malire cheke ndi kudutsa zimagulitsidwa ndondomeko, katundu.

Monga momwe zipangizo ndi inakula bwanji ndi ubwenzi pakati pa zikalata za kachitidwe awiri - zinchito ndi makampani kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Makamaka, phindu lawo anakonzeratu ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito za bungwe. Komanso, kugwirizana ndi standardization la makalata a boma sikuti kutanthauza chilengedwe cha zokhudza gulu, wamkulu kapena ntchito zaboma. Pa nthawiyi, gulu ndi utsogoleri zolembedwa dongosolo, muli ulamuliro mfundo zikuluzikulu, kasamalidwe, mgwirizano ndi kulamulira ntchito matupi boma, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, mabungwe ndi akuluakulu potengera makampani ndi nyumba zinchito.

Magawo waukulu yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization

Mavuto a standardization ndi harmonization zolembedwa malonda zambiri uka chifukwa kuchedwa mu Kupeleka chipika cha zolembedwa gulu ndi utsogoleri kuti kachitidwe amenewa ndi thandizo malamulo. Kuchititsa yake harmonization wa malonda kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito chikalata kumafuna:

1. Mu chimango cha mitundu yunifolomu ya zopelekedwa kupita kukhazikitsa nomenclature yoyenera.
2. General chitsanzo cha dongosolo nyumba zolembedwa zachokera mawonekedwe, kutengedwa ngati chitsanzo.
3. mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa malamulo syntactic wa zolembedwa yomanga.

Isanafike yogwirizanitsa imeneyi ndi standardization zolembedwa gwero unachitikira ndi zofunikira zipangizo pamisinkhu chilengedwe chonse, kudzazidwa, processing ndi kupulumutsa. Tikambirana ndi maluso anthu psychophysiological ndi magawo a makina ndi zipangizo luso.

Features wa chilengedwe miyezo

Dziwani kuti zotsatira za ndondomeko yogwirizanitsa anali kubweretsa zidindo kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito mawonekedwe wamba malamulo. Mfundo zithandize ntchito, katundu ndi ntchito ndi mafotokozedwe pa mlingo feduro malamulo. Lingaliro la "yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization zikalata" Pankhaniyi anatsimikiza ndi ntchito boma pa fixation ya malamulo ndi specifications ntchito mobwerezabwereza tsiku ndi kwawo.

Ntchito mfundo kulenga ndi dongosolo mu dera kupanga nadzawonjezapo pa mpikisano khalidwe la mankhwala, misonkhano kapena ntchito. Standardization ndi harmonization zolembedwa malonda komanso Cholinga kukwaniritsa mfundo ndi ngakhale luso.

The mavuto a kugwirizana kwa zolembedwa malonda yachilendo

Komanso, mawu akuti "muyeso" Kodi osati zikutanthauza normative chikalata okhutira. Lamulo ananena momveka bwino limagwirira ntchito kwawo sanali chogonedwa monyengeleredwa. mfundo State n'kuyamba mwachilungamo msanga mtundu. Pambuyo kumayambiriro kusintha lofunika amakhalabe yekha vuto la standardization ndi harmonization zolembedwa malonda.

Makamaka pachimake, ndi lero ndi funso miyezo ya boma lolamulira ndondomeko yokonza zolembedwa ku zinthu zimagulitsidwa. Malinga ndi dongosolo wogwirizana, amawatenga Chilamulo Federal "Pa zaumisiri lamulo" imene 01.07.2003, zinthu zimene alipo mu izo, sitinganene kuti kumvera malamulo a zolembedwa yovomerezeka Komabe, kupitiriza ntchito paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi lero.

Udindo wa bungwe la boma Standardization m'kati yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization

Harmonization ndi standardization zolembedwa - njira ya Russian State Standard. Aliyense classifiers zonse Russian wa luso, chuma, tatenga chikhalidwe mphamvu malamulo yomweyo pambuyo kulembetsa boma. Control pa kukhazikitsa zofunika zonse m'gulu zinthu payekha, amanyamula Russian State Standard ndi matupi zina ndi Boma mu ulamuliro kutchula.

Malangizo waukulu yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization zolembedwa ndi kukhazikitsa yunifolomu zitsanzo, zidindo, mitundu. Izi zikhoza kukhala mfundo zofunika yokonza zikalata mfundo kwa mitundu ina ya katundu ndi logwirizana dongosolo zolembedwa. Yotsirizira ndi dongosolo zipangizo analengedwa ndi malamulo umodzi amangokhala ndi zofunika. Wonse zolembedwa dongosolo ili, monga ulamuliro, ndi zothandiza kukhazikitsa ntchito kasamalidwe mu dera makamaka pamudzipo.

Main logwirizana ndi yovomerezeka dongosolo mu Russia

Pakali pano, pakati pa kachitidwe ogwirizana zapadera:

• Kapangidwe zokhudza zolembedwa khalidwe la gulu ndi utsogoleri;
• dongosolo kulamulira chikalata pa chikhazikitso banki;
• harmonization ndi standardization zolembedwa mlandu ndi mabuku a nkhani ndi momwe chuma mabungwe m'boma;
• dera zikalata zowerengera;
• zolembedwa dongosolo lolamulira nkhani ntchito;
• zikalata yovomerezeka kwa malonda yachilendo.

Choncho, aliyense wa a pamwamba aziwapatsa boma muyezo wake, umene kukhala m'madipatimenti chapakati boma Co-kukhazikitsa ntchito m'munda makamaka ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Unduna wa Zachuma ku Russia ndi udindo polenga mitundu ayankhe mlandu ndi banki zikalata. Nayenso Rosarchiv kuzindikira dongosolo la zolembedwa gulu ndi boma. Izi akuluakulu chimodzimodzi kuti mfundo chikalatacho. yogwirizanitsa awo ndi standardization ikukhudza chilengedwe cha mitundu kuti ntchito pakampani ina.

Tsatanetsatane ndi mawonekedwe a zikalata mu ndondomeko standardization

Tsatanetsatane wa chikalata amaona kuti mchitidwe lamulo, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka pochitika formalization za kayendetsedwe, kulembetsa zakuthupi. Kuti mumve zambiri amanena siginecha, sitampu, sitampu, tsiku, malemba, etc. Mwachibadwa, kwa mtundu uliwonse wa Chikalata chimene boma ntchito akonzedwa osiyana mwatsatanetsatane. Pankhaniyi, aliyense wa kachitidwe kugwirizana chitakwaniritsidwa mwa kulenga chitsanzo mawonekedwe a zikalata wina wa kachitidwe. Pa maziko ake kukhala mfundo zoyenerera zolembedwa zonse za thupi Nawonso achichepere yeniyeni.

Fomu, monga tanenera kale, ndi Chinsinsi mawonekedwe a mpukutuwu. Chotero chitsanzo cha kulemba m'munda anakhazikitsa ntchito amaganizira kukula kwake, masamba ndi indents, makamaka kulengedwa kwa gululi structural ndi mfundo zazikulu.

Harmonization ndi standardization zolembedwa gulu ndi malo utsogoleri kumathandiza kuti muchepetse wa a mitundu ntchito za bungwe, bungwe, mafakitale ndi kupanga mabizinezi iliyonse. Alendo amene okhudza ntchito yogwirizanitsa ndi standardization wa zolembedwa gulu ndi utsogoleri, ntchito kuti:

• lamulo;
• malamulo ndi malangizo;
• njira;
• ndondomeko;
• machitidwe;
• zilembo.

Letters atathana adiresi utsogoleri ndi miyeso bungwe, kuphatikizapo kasamalidwe, kugwirizana ndi kusamalira:

• Akuluakulu onse a nzika za la Russia (mu mndandanda wa nkhani zikuphatikizapo madera yoyenda yokha komanso mayiko, ndi malamulo omwe, pamodzi ndi Russian chinenero dziko anaika makamaka);
• makampani ndi mayanjano, kaya mawonekedwe awo umwini ndi gulu malamulo ntchito.

GOST amakhazikitsa osati zikuchokera mwatsatanetsatane, koma amafuna kuti zinalengedwera ndi kupanga kusunga, ntchito ndi kusamala maonekedwe pano ndi choyimira cha ku Russia komanso boma odula manja nkhani. Kugwiritsa GOST ndi chifaniziro chojambula mwatsatanetsatane.