Nyengo ya Arctic. Chilengedwe ndi chisanu cha Arctic

Arctic ndi dera la Dziko lapansi lomwe limagwirizana ndi North Pole. Madzi a m'derali ndi mbali ya madzi m'nyanja zonse, kupatula nyanja ya Indian. Komanso kumalo ena a physico-malo omwe ali kunja kwa makontinenti a North America ndi Eurasia. Dera la Arctic liri pafupi mamita lalikulu mamita 27 miliyoni. Km. Gawo lakum'mwera kwa derali liri ndi tundra yosawonongeka.

Zinyama ndi zomera

Chilengedwe cha Arctic chimadziwika chifukwa cha kuuma kwake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake m'dera lino zomera zimayimilidwa ndi maluwa, zitsamba, zitsamba ndi namsongole. Pano, kutentha kwakukulu ngakhale m'chilimwe. Izi zimayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. M'dera lamapiri mulibe mitengo kapena mitengo yamitengo, zokhazokha zitsamba zokha. Ambiri mwa dzikolo ndi chipululu chopanda moyo. Maluwa okhawo ndi polar poppy.

Nyama ya zinyama ili ndi mitundu yambiri yochuluka. Ndili kunyumba kwa hares zonse, nsomba zoyera, ndi nthenda zakutchire, ndi zimbalangondo za polar. Omwe akuyimira nyama ndi chipale chofewa ndi ng'ombe ya musk, komanso kamphanga kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kosavuta. Kuchokera kuzinyalala mungathe kusiyanitsa mimbulu ndi nkhandwe za Arctic. Zimbalangondo zimakonda nyama ya nyama ndi nsomba za m'nyanja . Kuonjezerapo, kumadera a Arctic mumakhala zitsamba, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zinyama zambiri. Nyama zambiri mbalame mumtunda. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi mitundu yosamuka. M'madzi a ku Arctic mumakhala zitsulo ndi zisindikizo, komanso zinyama, nyamakazi, nyulu zakupha ndi nyanga zamphongo.

Kuwerenga kutentha

Mbali ina yozizira ndi yozizira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Arctic. M'chilimwe pano kutentha sikungoyambe kufika pamwamba pa madigiri a zero. M'dera lino, pali kuwala kochepa kwa ma radiation. Zitsamba zam'mlengalenga, madera a chipale chofewa, zomera zambiri zimakula.

M'nyengo yozizira, mwezi wotentha kwambiri ndi January. Nthawi zambiri kutentha ku Arctic nthawi ino kumakhala madigiri -2 mpaka -5. Malo oyandikana ndi madzi amakhala oderatu kuposa mpweya. M'nyanja ya Barents, kutentha ndi -25 madigiri Celsius, ku Greenland ndi Chukotsky - mpaka madigiri 36 C, m'mabasi a Canada ndi Siberia mpaka madigiri 50 ° Celsius. Kumeneko, kutentha kumafika madigiri 60. Chilengedwe cha Arctic chikhoza kusintha nthawi iliyonse chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho yofunda. Panopa, kutentha kumatuluka ndi madigiri 7 mpaka 10 Mu chilimwe, zizindikiro zapamwamba zili +2 ... + madigiri 3 C.

Kusokonekera kwa chilengedwe

Zizindikiro za mvula za m'mphepete mwa nyanja za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zinasintha kwambiri pazaka zingapo zapitazo. Tinganene kuti nyengo ya Arctic ikuyamba kusintha. Ili ndi vuto la padziko lonse lomwe liribe yankho.

Kwa zaka 600 zapitazi pakhala hafu ya khumi ndi makumi awiri yomwe imakhudza dziko lonse lapansi. Kusintha kwa nyengo kotereku kungathetsedwe ndi masautso padziko lonse, omwe angathe kuvulaza moyo wonse padziko lapansi. Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti nyengo ya Arctic imakhudza kuthamanga kwa dziko lapansi komanso kufalikira kwa mlengalenga. Malinga ndi asayansi, meteorological yaikulu yomwe ikudutsa m'madera ozungulira dzikoli iyenera kuchitika mu 2030. Ngakhale zotsatira zochepa kwambiri zidzakhala zofunikira pa dziko lapansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zizindikiro za kutentha ku Arctic zimakwera mosalekeza chaka chilichonse. Ndipo kusintha kwakukulu kwa zaka zapitazo kwawonjezeka kawiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa kutha kwa mitundu yonse ya zomera ndi nyama zambiri m'derali.

Chilengedwe cha Arctic

Mpumulo wa madziwo ndi wosasunthika, wokhota. Chofunika kwambiri ndi alumali omwe ali ndi zilumba zakumtunda, zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga Barents, Chukchi, Laptev, Kara ndi Siberia. Kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu kuli pakatikati pa beseni ya Arctic - kuposa 5,5 km. Ponena za mpumulo wa nthaka, imakhala yosalala kwambiri.

Chikhalidwe cha Arctic chili ndi chuma chambiri. Choyamba, ndi mafuta ndi mafuta. Ku Arctic, mphamvu zopanda mphamvuzi ndizosawerengeka. Malingana ndi maulosi oyambirira a akatswiri, mipiringidzo yoposa 90 biliyoni ili pano. Komabe, kuchotsedwa kwa chuma m'derali kuli kovuta kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, njirayi ndi yoopsa kuchokera pakuwona zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Ngati mafuta atayera , sikungatheke kuthetsa ngozi chifukwa cha mafunde amphamvu, mazira a icebergs ndi ubweya wambiri.

Chipale cha Arctic

Monga mukudziwira, madzi a derali ndi odzaza ndi mazira a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, m'madzi a Arctic palinso chimbudzi chomwe chimatulutsa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake dziko lapansi silinasinthe mpaka kutentha.

Zinganenere motsimikiza kuti ayezi ya Arctic imakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wonse padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, amayang'anira kuyendayenda kwa madzi mu Nyanja ya World. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zaka zoposa 25 zapitazi mlingo wa ayezi wa Arctic watsika ndi theka la magawo atatu a misala. Lero, kapu ili ndi makilomita 5,100,000 okha. Km. Komabe, izi si zokwanira kuti dziko lapansi lisatenthe chaka chilichonse mofulumira.

Malo omwalira akugonjetsedwa

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Arctic imatengedwa kuti ndi malo opanda moyo omwe anthu sangathe kukhala nawo masiku angapo. Komabe, nthano iyi inatsutsidwa pa nthawi. M'zaka za m'ma 1500, chifukwa cha ulendo wautali wa asilikali olankhula ndi anthu a ku Russia, mapu oyambirira a Arctic Ocean anakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1937 pamwamba pa Arctic, ndege zinawatsogoleredwa ndi anthu a ku Baidukov ndi Chkalov.

Masiku ano, malo osungiramo zinthu angapo omwe amaikidwa pazitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimayandama m'maderawa. Zomangamanga zikuphatikizapo nyumba zazing'ono za oyendetsa polar ndi zipangizo zamakono zofufuza.