Ku Cyprus ndi dziko liti? Mbiri ya Kupro. Flag of Cyprus

Ku Cyprus ndi dziko liti? Tiyeni tikambirane nkhaniyi palimodzi. Choyamba, tikuzindikira kuti izi ndi boma lodziimira payekha kuyambira 1960. Poyamba, linali koloni ya Britain. Ena mwa anthu akulankhula Chigiriki, ena ku Turkish. Mu 1974, asilikali a ku Turkey analowa pachilumbachi n'kukhala kumtunda. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo oposa zikwi zana limodzi mphambu makumi asanu akufika ku Cyprus.

Dzikoli ndi mbali ya European Union, chiwerengero chake chimatchedwa Achiprisitu.

Malo okhala kumpoto ndi kumwera

Kupro yagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Kumpoto kumayendetsedwa ndi a ku Turks. Iwo anapanga dera lino TRNC - Republic of Turkey ya Northern Cyprus. Komabe, amadziwika okha ndi a ku Turkey okha. Ena onsewa amatcha gawoli. Republic of Cyprus ndi dziko liti? Wolamulira. Ili kum'mwera kwa chilumbacho. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Chigiriki Cyprus.

Zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira

Ku Cyprus ndi dziko liti? Boma lomwe liri ndi funsoli, lili ndi chikhalidwe chogwirizana ndi Greece, koma ilo liri lodziimira. Ndi dziko lozindikiritsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe liri ndi ufulu wolamulira pachilumba chonse ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi. Chosiyana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu okha a gawolo, omwe, malinga ndi zowonjezereka kwa lamulo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic, amagawidwa ku UK kuti malo a nsomba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ponena za momwe zinthu zilili, chilumbachi chagawanika kukhala magawo anai:

- Republic of Turkey Republic of Northern Cyprus (kumpoto);

- Republic of Cyprus (kumwera);

- chomwe chimatchedwa mzere wobiriwira wolekanitsa magawo awiri pamwambapa ndi olamulidwa ndi UN;

- Zida ziwiri zankhondo za Britain - "Dhekelia" ndi "Akrotiri".

Mbiri ya Kupro

Chilumba ichi ndi chachitatu kuposa zonsezi ku Mediterranean. Poganizira za Kupro pamapu, wina amatha kumvetsa chifukwa chake dzikoli liyenera kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri ndikuwonetseratu kuti adaniwo akugonjetsedwa nthawi zonse. Zonsezi zimafotokozedwa mophweka: Kwa anthu ambiri oyandikana nawo chisumbu ichi chinayambira pansi pa nyanja, chinali gwero la misonkho ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali. Agiriki, amene anabweretsa chitukuko m'madera amenewa, anaukira ndi Asuri, Aperisi, Aroma, Afoinike, Venetians, Byzantines, asilikali a Latino, British ndi Turkey. Ambiri ankafuna mphamvu pa chilumbachi, koma Agiriki adatha kukhalabe malo awo otsogolera.

Nyengo yakale

M'nthaŵi ya Paleolithic, chilumbacho sichikanakhala ndi anthu, ndi mphutsi zokhazokha za ku Cyprus zomwe zimakhala kumeneko. Izi zinkatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza ndi zotsalira za nyama. Mwamwayi, onse adamwalira atatha kuphunzira Chipro. Zinachitika m'nthawi ya Neolithic, pafupi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zisanafike nthawi yathu ino. Anthu oyamba anabwera nawo ng'ombe, mbuzi, ng'ombe, nkhumba, agalu. Anthu a ku Cyprus omwe anali atangopangidwa ndi atsopano ankakhazikitsa nyumba zowonjezera. Nyumba zina zinkafika mamita khumi.

Komanso, mbiri ya Kupro imasintha kwambiri: pafupifupi 3800 BC panali chivomerezi champhamvu chomwe chinawononga chikhalidwe chonse cha Neolithic. M'badwo wamwala wamkuwa unalowera m'malo mwake. Mpaka lero, zinthu zodziwika bwino zakhala zikupulumuka - zipilala ndi zingwe zopangidwa ndi mkuwa wangwiro.

Gawo lotsatira la chitukuko cha mbiriyakale pa chilumba chowoneka chikugwirizana ndi kufika kwa anthu othawa kwawo kuchokera ku Anatolia. Izi zinachitika pafupifupi 2400 BC. E. Kumayambiriro kwa Bronze Age. Panali nthawi imeneyi pamene zida za chitetezo zinayamba kuonekera, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti nthawi yomweyi inali yovuta kwambiri.

Tapeza zinthu za ceramic zokhudzana ndi Iron Age, tilole kuti tizindikire kuti Cyprus idagonjetsedwa ndi Agiriki. Chiyambi cha chiyambi cha chitukukocho chinatha ndi kubwera kwa Asuri, ndipo kenako Chigiriki ndi Aroma zolembedwa, pofotokoza za madera awa.

Kale

M'nthaŵi yakale ya ku Cyprus idakali gawo lopikisana. Mu 526 BC, Aperisi adalandidwanso kuchokera ku Aigupto, ndipo mu 449 chilumbacho chinali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Atene. Ogonjetsa amayiko ambiri padziko lapansi adagonjetsa zipsinjo za Cyprus kwa nthawi yaitali. Kotero, olemba mbiri amasiyanitsa nthawi ya Aroma, ndiye - Byzantine. Mu 1191, chilumbacho chinagwidwa ndi ankhondo a Chigwirizano pansi pa utsogoleri wa Richard the Lionheart. Pambuyo pake, chilumbacho chinakhala ndi Ottomans, komanso British.

Nthawi yotsutsana pakati pa communal

Mu 1960 Cyprus inapeza ufulu wodziimira kwa nthawi yaitali. Oimira Turkey, Britain ndi Greece anatenga nawo mbali pazokambirana. Zotsatira zake, chilumbacho chinagawidwa m'madera awiri - Turkish ndi Greek. Pulezidenti woyamba anali bishopu Makarios. Malingana ndi lamulo la 1960, anthu awiri adadziwika - Chigiriki (pafupifupi 80%) ndi Turkish (pafupifupi 18%). Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, anthu a ku Turkey a ku Turkey analandira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zigawo zonse muzitsulo zoyang'anira ntchito komanso ufulu wa malamulo a veto. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nthumwi yawo inakhalanso pulezidenti wadzikoli.

Kusagwirizana pakati pa anthuwa kunayambitsa kukangana kwa zida. Izi zinachitika mu 1963. Nkhondoyo inatha pokhapokha kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wa mtendere wa UN, koma nkhondoyo sankatha kubwezeredwa.

Kuwombera nkhondo

Vutoli linayambitsa mikangano yatsopano mu 1974. Chifukwa chake, junta wa asilikali anali mu mphamvu. Kuyesera kunayesedwa ndi okhwima a Greek Cypriot owona mtima kuti apange boma. Pulezidenti Makarios adasankhidwa mwalamulo adagonjetsedwa. Cyprus idakumananso ndi Greece. Patatha masiku asanu, akuluakulu a boma la Turkey, atangoteteza anthu a ku Turkey, analowetsa asilikali awo ndipo ankakhala pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya kumpoto kwa dzikoli. Chifukwa cha nkhondo iyi, pafupifupi anthu zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi anaphedwa ndipo osachepera mazana awiri zikwizikali omwe adachoka pachilumbachi ngati othawa kwawo.

M'dziko la Turkey, zikumbutso zinawonongedwa, matchalitchi a Byzantine anafunkhidwa, miyambo yambiri yambiri idatumizidwa kunja. Pa November 1, 1983, Republic of Turkey ya Northern Cyprus inalengezedwa. Pakalipano, palibe boma m'dzikoli lazindikira. Vuto la kulekanitsidwa kwa chilumba ngakhale lero ndilokhudzidwa kwa a ku Cyprus.

Symbolism

Bendera la Cyprus (chithunzi chomwe iwe ukuchiwona pansipa) ndi nsalu yoyera ndi chipale cha chilumbachi. Mtundu wa wotsirizirawo ndi lalanje, ndipo sizowopsa, chifukwa ukuimira zida zazikulu zamkuwa zomwe zinapezeka ku Cyprus pafupi ndi zaka chikwi zitatu BC. Pansi pa chithunzi cha chilumbachi pali nthambi ziwiri za mtengo wa azitona, zikuphatikiza mitundu ya anthu a ku Turkey ndi Agiriki omwe akukhala pachilumbachi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kuposa mbendera imodzi padziko lapansi sagwiritsa ntchito fano la mikangano ya dzikoli.

Kumalo komwe kuli

Mapu a Cyprus ali pamphepete mwa madera otsatirawa: Asia Minor, North Africa ndi Europe. Chilumbacho chimayambira kuchokera kumadzulo mpaka kummawa kwa 240 km, ndi kumpoto mpaka kummwera - kwa makilomita 100. Dera lake ndiloposa mamita 9,000 lalikulu. Km. Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kutsuka Kupro, imapangitsa dziko kukhala lokongola kwa okondedwa a pa gombe. Mtsinje wa Chilumba umakhala wotsika kwambiri, wongokhala pang'ono, komanso kumpoto - wolimba kwambiri. Kutalika kwawo konse ndi pafupi mazana asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu makilomita.

Makonzedwe a ku Cyprus ndi 35º1000 kumpoto kumpoto ndi 33º2100 kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Zida

Zigawo za Cyprus zimayambira kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mapiri ku Africa ndi Asia, chifukwa cha chilumbachi. Nthawi zambiri mpumulo umakhala wamapiri. Pafupifupi makilomita 150 pamphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto kumapiri a Kyrenia (kutalika kwake ndi 1023 m) ndipo Karpas (malo okwera mamita 364). Zili zosiyana mofanana, popeza zinakhazikitsidwa ndi zochitika zofanana. Madera akummwera ndi apakati akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapiri a Troodos.

Kodi china chimene Cyprus ndi chodabwitsa ndi chiyani? Malo okhala pachilumbachi pamtunda wa mpweya ndi nyanja zimapangitsa kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chakummawa kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Mavuto a nyengo

Nyengo ya ku Cyprus imakhala yosasunthika komanso yokhazikika. Ndi malo otentha a Mediterranean, kotero kuti nthawi zambiri moyo wazilumbazi ndi wapamwamba kuposa, mwachitsanzo, Achimereka kapena Achizungu. Anthu a ku Cyprus amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana.

M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumasinthasintha pakati pa 25-35 madigiri Celsius, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira sichigwa pansi pamtunda + 10 Celsius. Kuyambira kuyambira October mpaka April nthawi zambiri imagwa mvula. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri pa holide yamtunda ndi kuyambira June mpaka September. Anthu okwera kuyenda amakonda kupita ku Cyprus kumapeto kwa maluwa. Mitundu ya maluwa a ku Troodos ndi okongola kwambiri.

Zamchere

Chilumbachi chimapanga mkuwa, marble, sulphate laimu (gypsum), dongo la bentonite ndi dyes (asili, umbra). Chifukwa cha kutumiza kwazinthuzi, ndalama za Cyprus zimadzazidwa pachaka ndi 32 million euro.

Mu December 2011, gasi lachilengedwe linapezedwa pachilumbachi (kum'mwera kwa gombe). Mavoti awo akuwerengeka amachokera ku 160 mpaka 255 biliyoni mita imodzi.

Dziko la masamba

Zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimakula pamapiri ndi m'mapiri. Mitengo ikhoza kuwonedwa makamaka m'mapiri, imapangidwa ndi mitengo ya mitsinje, mapepala a pulasitiki, Aleppo pine ndi chimti cacti. Pali mitengo yalanje ndi mandimu. Mitengo yonse ya mitengo ya 1890 imakula m'dera la Cyprus, pakati pawo paliponse, ndilo gawo lokhalo la gawoli. Mu nkhalango mungapeze anemones, komanso pamtunda komanso pamsewu - asphodel. Kalekale, iwo ankaonedwa kuti ndi amithenga otchuka a padziko lapansi.

Zinyama

Nyama za ku Kupuro sizachuluka ngati zomera. Kumeneku kumakhala nkhumba zakutchire, abuluzi, makulu, akalulu, akalulu, zakumwa, njoka ndi agologolo. Mbalame zomwe zili pachilumbachi ndi zoposa mazana atatu mitundu, pakati pawo, nsomba zazikulu, nkhunda, zidutswa, makungubwe, nyongolotsi, mphungu, manda, usikuing and kites.

Chipembedzo

Ambiri a ku Cyprus amatsatira chikhulupiriro chachikristu. Pali mipingo yambiri ya Orthodox pachilumbacho. Malingana ndi lamulo, chipembedzo chiripo mosiyana ndi boma. Nzika iliyonse ndi ufulu wosankha chikhulupiriro chawo. Kotero, ku Cyprus, amakhala ndi Akhristu, ndi Ayuda, ndi Asilamu, ndi Ahindu.

Zochitika

Ku Cyprus ndi dziko liti? Wodzikonda komanso wokongola! Odziŵa zamakedzana amakopeka ndi mabwinja a mizinda yakale, nyumba za amonke, akachisi, nyumba zogona. Kuchuluka kwa zipilala zikufotokozedwa ndi kuti nthawi ya Antiquity nyengo chilumbacho chinali pakati pa malonda a Mediterranean ndipo chinali chigawo cha kuyenda pakati pa nyanja ku Middle Ages.

Nicosia

Mzindawu ndi umodzi mwa akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nicosia m'zaka za zana la khumi anali ndi udindo wa likulu la chilumbacho. Pakalipano, siyikhazikitsidwe pamene ndondomekoyi idakhazikitsidwa. Zochitika za oyamba oyamba ndi a Bronze Age. Panthawi imeneyo mzindawu unali ndi dzina losiyana - Ledra.

Panopa, Nicosia akugawaniza mzerewu, koma ngakhale izi sizikuchotseratu. Gawo lapakati la mzindawo lazunguliridwa ndi zipata za khoma la Venetian, lomwe linamangidwa mu 1570, ndi zigawo zazikulu zamwala. Ili ndi malo ozungulira ndipo amatchedwa Old Nicosia.

Chinsalu chachikulu kwambiri cha Nicosia ndi Chipata cha Famagusta, mkati momwe mawonetsero ndi madzulo amachitikira. Pakatikati mwa mzindawo mukhoza kuyamikira nyumba zakale za miyala yamakono, kuyenda pamtunda wa Freedom Square ndikupita m'masitolo ogulitsa, masitolo ogulitsa khofi ndi malo odyera.

Pafupi ndi zipata za Famagusta ndi tchalitchi chakale chotchedwa Byzantine cha Chrysaliniotissa, chimene chinakhazikitsidwa kutali ndi 1450.

Ndipo kunja kwa makoma a Venetian palinso chinthu choyamikira. Kotero, pa malo a ngalande ya serfe Municipal park yathyoledwa. Malo awa ali ngati wina woyenera kuyenda mofatsa. Pafupi ndi Museum ya Kupro. M'zipinda zake khumi ndi zinayi muli zinthu zambiri zofukulidwa pansi.

Limassol

Mzindawu - waukulu kwambiri pambuyo pa Nicosia, uli pamphepete mwa nyanja. Sizomwe zilili zakale, koma zimakopa alendo osachepera chifukwa cha mabomba okongola ndi malo odyera. Ena mwa omaliza - Centrulos, Amatos ndi Yermasoyas. Kuwonjezera apo, Limassol ili ndi zipilala zochititsa chidwi za mbiriyakale, pakati pawo zomwe ngakhale chiboliboli chinakhazikitsidwa polemekeza Pushkin.

Pafupi ndi mzindawu ndi chilumba cha Troodos - chachikulu kwambiri. M'dera lake ndi olamulira akale - nyumba ya Kolossi, yomangidwa ndi a Knights Hospitallers. Nsanjayi ili ndi sitima yowonongeka ndi malingaliro odabwitsa a madera ozungulira.

Amathus

Awa ndi mzinda wina wakale waku Cyprus. Panthawiyi, pali mabwinja okha omwe atsala. Zimakhazikitsidwa kuti zinakhazikitsidwa pafupi zaka chikwi zisanachitike. M'zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi zotsatira, Amathus adakula ndikukula. M'zaka za VII. AD Mzindawu unayambidwa ndi Aarabu. Ogonjetsa sanalepheretse Amathus, chifukwa chake, adawonongedwa kwambiri. Potsirizira pake, anagwetsa pansi mzinda uno Richard the Lionheart. Pa malo a mabwinja, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza malo osambiramo, malo opatulika a Aphrodite, njira yamadzi ndi tchalitchi cha nthawi yoyamba yachikhristu.

Malo oyandikana nawo a Amathus popanda chifukwa amatchedwa Cyprus Riviera - pali madera okongola, nyengo yabwino, malo abwino odyera, malo odyera apamwamba, ma tebulo ndi usiku.

Embassy mumzinda wa Russia

Kodi mungapeze bwanji visa kuti mukacheze chilumbachi? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupita ku Embassy ku Cyprus. Ku Moscow ili pa: ul. Maola ophika, 9. Maola oyamba - kuyambira 9:30 mpaka 16.30. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zikalata zimalandiridwa mpaka madzulo awiri, koma zimaperekedwa kuchokera pa awiri kapena atatu. Visa imaperekedwa kuchokera masiku atatu mpaka khumi ndi anayi. Pakalipano, ndalamazo ndi ndalama zokwana 15 euro.

Kutsiliza

Cyprus - chilumba cha dziko liti? Tapeza kuti tsopano ali ndi ufulu. Chikhalidwe ichi sichigonjera ku Greece kapena ku Turkey. Nchifukwa chake funso la dziko lirilonse ku Cyprus silolondola, ndipo lingakhoze kuvulaza momwe akumvera.