Nyanja Athabasca: malongosoledwe a nyama ndi zomera, mavuto zachilengedwe

Nyanja Athabasca lili m'dera la zigawo ziwiri Canada: kumpoto chakum'mawa Alberta ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo Saskatchewan, m'mphepete mwa Precambrian Chishango. Ndi malo ochititsa kaso (7935 sq. Km) ndi kutalika kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja 2.140 Km, ndi chitatu waukulu mu Canada.

General zokhudza Nyanja

Nyanja limabweretsa zigawo ziwiri ndipo ndi yaikulu komanso Saskatchewan, Alberta (Canada), chimene chikutsimikizira 70% ya malo a pamwamba madzi. Malowa ali pamtunda pamalo okwera 213 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja, kuya avareji 20 m, pazipita -. 124 mamita yaitali dziwe anatambasula 283 Km, m'lifupi pazipita 50 Km. Kuyamwitsa Nyanja Athabasca ndi Mtendere Mtsinje. Madzi amalowa pa Kapolo Mtsinje ndi Mackenzie mu Ocean Arctic.

Magwero a nyanja Athabasca beseni amatanthauziridwa kuti glacial-tectonic. Iwo ananyamuka chifukwa cha processing wa matendawa, tectonic mu dziko lapansi kutumphuka glacier. Pamodzi ndi nyanja ina yaikulu ya Canada (Large Nevolnicheskoe ndi Nyamuliranani), Athabasca ndi otsalira a lalikulu glacial dziwe McConnell.

Mbiri ya nyanza

Nyanja Athabasca Dzina amachokera ku mawu athapiscow a chinenero Cree (fuko mu North America). Mawu amenewa iwo anasankha madzi lotseguka dera (zithaphwi, nyanja, etc.), amene mabanki anakula msondodzi, udzu ndi mabango. Pamodzi ndi mitundu ina, monga Beaver ndi Chipeyan, Cree ndi woyamba kumene kuli dzikoli pa zaka 2000 zapitazo.

Poyamba dzina ili anali okhawo mwachibale kwa Athabasca Mtsinje ankadziwana mu ngodya kum'mwera cha kumadzulo kwa nyanja. Mu 1791, mapu kampani "Hudson Bay" Philip Ternor ya m'magazini wake analemba lotchedwa "Atapison". Pamaso pake, Peter Fiedler mu 1790 anasankha kuti ndi "Great Arabuska". Ndi 1801, panali zambiri kapena zochepa wamba kalembedwe kuti wapafupi amakono - Nyanja Athabascan. Izo zinali kokha mu 1820-mamita Dzhordzh Simpson wotchedwa mtsinje ndi nyanja "Athabasca".

Madzi kwa iwo ndi mfundo yaikulu kwa malonda ubweya. Mmodzi wa Pamudzi wamkulu European m'mbali (pa dera la Alberta) - ndi Fort Chipewyan, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1788 ndi Peter Pond mu chimango cha North West Company. Pamudzi dzina lake polemekeza okhala m'dera la anthu a Chipeyan.

The nyama ndi zomera la nyanja

Nyanjayi ndi gawo la Mtendere-Athabasca Delta - biologically osiyanasiyana madambo aakulu, inali kumadzulo kwa izo. Delta ndi item zofunika pa kusamuka ndi malo kukaikira mazira a mitundu ngati mbalame monga Titafika pamalo tsekwe, sandhill Crane, komanso abakha ambiri ndi atsekwe. Komanso, pafupifupi 80% ya m'gawo wa National Park Wood Buffalo (UNESCO World Heritage Site), amene ali kunyumba kwa gulu lalikulu kwambiri njati zakutchire.

Popeza 1926, izo bungwe nsomba on Lake Athabasca. The nsomba Amakhala makamaka a nyanja mumapezeka nsomba, walleye ndi Pike kumpoto. Kuwonjezera pa iwo pali mitundu monga Grayling, nsomba, burbot, kozizira gale-. Mu 1961, mothandizidwa ndi yaikulu asodzi gillnet anakwanitsa kugwira mumapezeka nsomba ku mbiri mkulu kulemera - 46,3 makilogalamu.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Nyanja Athabasca wolemera miyala ya zachilengedwe. Anthu asataye kuti. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu malo awa anayamba migodi yogwira ureniamu ndi golide. Kufika pa nyanja anthu ambiri ndi mabanja awo, zochokera ake gombe m'mudzi ureniamu City. The wanga watha chinatsekedwa mu 1980, zotsatira za migodi ali kwambiri wowonongeka kumpoto m'mphepete mwa dziwe. zinthu anali kukula m'minda ikuluikulu mafuta m'deralo. Gold migodi ntchito mwa nyanja pa nthawi ino.

Mu October 2013 mmodzi wa anakomoka migodi ya malasha ndi malita oposa 600 biliyoni matope zinagwa Chomera ndi Aletovun-zinkapezeka m'madzi. Plume cha kuwonongeka mu mtsinje, ndipo anagwirizana Athabasca, wakuti pambuyo pake. Patangopita mwezi, anakwanitsa nyanja, ndipo ameneyo adzatayika oposa 500 Km.

m'dera limene Nyanja Athabasca, pafupi kwambiri michenga mafuta. Zimenezi tsopano nkhawa zachilengedwe kwambiri. Mpaka 1997, zotsatira za migodi pa topezeka kudera m'madzi si kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyan'anila mphamvu ya panopa umachititsa funso lofunika, chifukwa ndalama ndi makampani mafuta.

Ngakhale kuti mavuto kusonkhanitsa deta atsopano maphunziro zachilengedwe asonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa kuchuluka kuipitsa nyanja ndi michenga mafuta. Anasonyeza kuwonjezeka mu kuchuluka kwa chimasanduka polycyclic onunkhira mu pafupi m'chilengedwe munda nyanja. Izi zikutipatsa nkhawa, ngati chikhazikitso kwa nthawi yaitali kukhalabe mu chilengedwe ndi musati kuwola ndinso.

mumchenga

China wapadera nyanja ya ikuyenda mchenga milu, wapafupi m'malire kum'mwera. Mu 1992, chodabwitsa zachilengedwe topezeka izi watengedwa pansi pa chitetezero cha boma. Gulu Park Athabasca Sand milu. Iwo lili Province cha Saskatchewan (Canada). paki umachokera pa 100 Km Mphepete kum'mwera kwa nyanja. Sand milu ndi kutalika kwa 400 1500 mamita ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 30 m. Kuti uku kokha padziko madzi a nyanza.