Ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimene? mitundu ndi makhalidwe

Kodi pa zinthu zachilengedwe? Izi lingaliro Hrs kuti anam'patsa angapo inakula chikhalidwe cha zigawo zikuluzikulu. Iwo akhoza kuphimba mbali yaikulu ndi ziwembu ochepa a dziko. ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimene? Kodi zosiyana? Kodi yodziwika? Tiyeni tipeze izo.

chivundikiro Hrs

Ndikuwauza machitidwe zimene zachilengedwe, sikutheka osanenapo envelopu lawolawo. Izi lingaliro ochiritsira kuti Chili m'madera angapo a dziko lapansi zimene intersect ndi kucheza ndi mzake kupanga dongosolo limodzi. Ndipotu, ndi yaikulu pa dziko zachilengedwe zovuta.

Malire a envelopu malo osiyanasiyana pafupifupi kubwereza m'mphepete biosphere. Monga akulowa hydrosphere, biosphere, anthroposphere, kumtunda kwa lithosphere (kutumphuka) ndi mpweya m'munsi (troposphere ndi stratosphere).

Chipolopolo zathunthu ndi mosalekeza. Aliyense zigawo zake (m'madera lapadziko) ali malamulo zake chitukuko ndi zinthu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo zimakhudza zinthu zina ndipo ali ndi mbali yaikulu pa iwo. Iwo Nthawi zambiri vuto la nkhani m'chilengedwe, kupatsana mphamvu, madzi, mpweya, phosphorous, sulfure ndi zina zotero. D.

Natural zovuta ndi mitundu yake

Geographic chipolopolo ndi waukulu koma si zachilengedwe zovuta. Iwo ali padziko lapansi, pali zambiri. ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimene? Izi mbali zina za dziko, omwe yunifolomu nthaka dongosolo, nthaka, zomera, zinyama, nyengo ndi chikhalidwe cha madzi omwewo.

zinthu zachilengedwe ali amatchedwanso mitunda kapena geosystems. Iwo amasiyana malangizo ofukula ndi yopingasa. Choncho, zovuta lagawidwa zonal ndi azonal. Chifukwa chachikulu zosiyanasiyana awo ndi heterogeneity wa envelopu lawolawo.

Choyamba, kusiyana zikhalidwe zachilengedwe kupereka yogawa ndi m'goli wa dzuwa pa Dziko Lapansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe elliptical wa dziko wosiyana chiŵerengero cha dziko ndi madzi, malo a mapiri (zomwe achigonjetse mlengalenga kulemera) ndi T D..

Zonal zachilengedwe maofesi

Zonal zinthu zachilengedwe makamaka yopingasa kugawikana kwa dziko. Yaikulu ya izi ndi lamba lawolawo. malo awo mogwirizana ndi zomveka. Zikamera wa maofesi awa akukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyengo.

Khalidwe mabacteria chirengedwe zimasiyanasiyana equator kwa mizati. Mwa aliyense wa iwo pali kutentha ndi nyengo zawo zinthu, komanso chikhalidwe cha nthaka, pansi ndi pamwamba madzi. Kuonetsetsa mabacteria awa:

• Arctic;
• subarctic;
• Antarctic;
• subantarctic;
• kumpoto ndi kotentha kum'mwera;
• kumpoto ndi kum'mwera subtropical;
• kumpoto ndi kum'mwera boma kunyanja;
• yamphamvu.

Lotsatira kukula ndi zoned maofesi a malo achilengedwe, zomwe agawanika pa chikhalidwe cha chinyezi, ie, kuchuluka ndi pafupipafupi mvula. Iwo sikuti nthawi zonse yogawa mwangwiro latitudinal. Ndipo zimadalira okwera ndi moyandikana ndi nyanja. Kuonetsetsa ndi kozizira chipululu, steppe, Titafika pamalo, nayonso, m'tchire ndi zina zachilengedwe.

Azonal zachilengedwe maofesi

maofesi Azonal si mbale kugawira latitudinal dzikoli. mapangidwe awo amagwirizana kwenikweni ndi mtunda ndi mapangidwe kutumphuka lapansi. Yaikulu azonal maofesi achilengedwe nyanja ndi mayiko, zomwe zimasiyana nthaka mbiri ndi dongosolo.

Mayiko ndi nyanja anawagawa m'madera ang'onoang'ono - dziko achibadwa. Iwo zigwirizana lalikulu phiri lowland formations. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, maofesi zachilengedwe monga Far East chapakati Kamchatka kumveka phiri Sihote Alin ndi Khingano-Bureinsky Phiri neri Al.

Pakuti dziko zachilengedwe dziko akuti chipululu cha Sahara, ku mapiri a Ural, ndi East European Plain. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu malo yopapatiza ndi homogeneous. Mwachitsanzo, zomera nkhalango, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa steppes ndi udzu, mitengoyi m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyanja ndi mitsinje. Pakuti zing'onozing'ono maofesi zachilengedwe monga kusefukira zigwa, mapiri, zitunda, uremia, madambo, ndi zina zotero D..

Zigawo za zinthu zachilengedwe

Mbali yaikulu ya malo aliwonse Hrs ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi, madzi, nthaka, nyama ndi zomera, nyengo. Ubale wa zigawo zikuluzikulu cha zovuta zachilengedwe ali pafupi kwambiri. Aliyense wa iwo amalenga zina chapangitsa kuti anthu ena. Mtsinje bwanji chikhalidwe cha nthaka, dothi ndi nyengo - maonekedwe a zomera zina, komanso zomera kukopa nyama zina.

Kusintha ngakhale chimodzi kungayambitse kusintha kotheratu kwa zovuta ndi. Sear mtsinje zidzapangitsa kuti kutha kwa mmene malo mtsinje zomera kusintha nthaka khalidwe. Zimenezi bwanji nyama kusiya geosystem pofunafuna malo awo bwino.

Kugwiritsa kuchuluka kwa mtundu uliwonse wa nyama kungachititse kuti chiwonongeko cha zomera kuti iwo adye. Pali milandu pamene touluka lalikulu anawononga madambo kapena minda. Zimenezi sakhala kosaoneka ndi zovuta zachilengedwe ndipo amakwiya kusintha mu nthaka, madzi, kenako boma nyengo.

Pomaliza

Chotero kodi zachilengedwe machitidwe? Zachilengedwe-Kupititsa dongosolo, zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe ali yunifolomu choyambiriracho ndi zikuchokera. Maofesi anawagawa m'magulu ziwiri: azonal ndi nthambi. Pakati pa gulu, pali kulekana ndi lalikulu malo ochepa.

Yaikulu zachilengedwe zovuta ndi Hrs m'chimake amene limapangidwa gawo la lithosphere ndi mlengalenga, biosphere ndi hydrosphere a dziko lapansi. Zovuta ndi otsika munthu mapiri, nkhalango yaing'ono, mitsinje, zithaphwi.