Kodi dielectric zonse sing'anga

Adakali pasukulu pa maphunziro a mphunzitsi sayansi, akulankhula za zochitika magetsi, anafotokoza zimene ya dielectric zonse a sing'anga. M'tsogolo, ngati ntchito yaikulu ndi zosagwirizana ndi zomangamanga magetsi, nkhaniyi aiwala bwinobwino. Mu pepala ili, ife takumbukira chimene chinapangitsa tanthauzo limeneli.

Childs, kuti mudziwe kuti mawu akuti "dielectric zonse sing'anga" nthawi ankaona chitsanzo cha capacitor amene mbale ali pomwepo. Akuimira capacitor losavuta ili mu vacuo. Kudziwa phindu mlandu magetsi :

Qv = (U * S * EV) / D,

kumene anthu d - mtunda pakati pa mbale, U - voteji, S - malo a mbale, EV - dielectric. nthawi zonse. Yotsirizira ndi phindu Buku, ndi dielectric zonse sing'anga popanda mpweya (zingalowe) ndipo ndi wofanana 8.85 * 10 -12 Farad digiri pa mita.

Koma capacitors kulekanitsa mbale sing'anga mwina si zingalowe, koma wina aliyense dielectric zakuthupi. Mwachionekere, mu nkhani iyi dielectric zonse a sing'anga ndi osiyana «EV» Choncho, mlandu zimasiyanasiyana. Ngati capacitor ndi chikugwirizana ndi gwero la mphamvu electromotive, mtengo wa mlandu pa mbale amakhala Qz. The zonse dielectric zakuthupi ndi chiŵerengero cha mtengo Qz condenser mbale chikugwirizana ndi mlandu pa nkhani ya zingalowe Qv, i.e.

E = Qz / Qv.

Mwachionekere, gawo palibe. Amagetsi condenser akutenga mphamvu kuchokera ku gwero.

Ndipotu, ndi wachibale dielectric zonse a sing'anga. Izo zikusonyeza kangati kukula amachepetsa woyang'anira mogwirizana ankasiyana dielectric, monga poyerekeza ndi mbale mu vacuo. Mukhozanso kunena kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za nkhaniyo.

Ngati kudzikundikira mlandu pa mbale ya magetsi ndi anaima, pali chinthu chosiyana. Akuponya ndi voteji, ndipo chotero, amachepetsa za magetsi kumunda mwamphamvu. Chifukwa chiyani?

nkhani iliyonse imakhala maatomu ndi ma elekitironi makina a mtima. Pamene magetsi kumunda yogawa amapezeka mu molekyu iliyonse chotengera cha polarity ya kanthu kunja - otchedwa kugawanika n'kupanga dipole. imelo maonekedwe ake izi. Nkhani yokha chingakhale wa mamolekyulu kumalo ozizira ndi nonpolar. Mbali yoyamba molekyulu ndi zochokera malinga ndi munda (voteji), komanso dipoles caster, ndi permittivity wachibale m'malo okwezeka. Mtengo wa permeability zambiri kuposa mayunitsi 100. Pankhani chachiwiri (sanali kumalo ozizira mamolekyulu), ngakhale chifukwa munda kanthu ndi dipoles anapanga, gawo la mphamvu imene kukhalabe kasinthidwe awo okhudza malo, kaya akhale wonyozeka permeability ndi mwakamodzikamodzi kuposa mayunitsi 5. Tikumbukenso kuti thunthu gaseous nthawi zonse ali ndi permeability otsika chifukwa ochepa mamolekyulu pa wagawo buku, kaya dongosolo awo achilengedwe.

Zipangizo ambiri dielectric deta permeability kuperekedwa ku magome ziwalo, pamene akuchita kuwerengetsera pali vuto ndi tanthauzo la mtengo wolakalakika. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpweya ali ndi permeability 1 unit. Ichi n'chifukwa mu capacitors ntchito zosiyanasiyana zina wosanjikiza dielectric -. Ziwiya zadothi, Mica, paraffin, etc. zinthuzi onse, kukhala permeability apamwamba, kuwonjezera phindu la mlandu anapeza pa zipangizo. M'mawu ena, capacitance akhoza kusintha osati mu njira mbale malo, koma kuŵapatulanya zithunzi. Akatswiri mwa zinthu ndi permeability mkulu ndi zoumbaumba (80) ndi madzi oyera zosafunika (osachepera 81).