Nature North America. Makamaka chikhalidwe cha North America

North America, kumene madera wakhala katswiri ndi m'zaka za m'ma 17, ndipo ngakhale ndiye osati kwathunthu, ndi kontinenti yaikulu. Analitsegula anali ku Ulaya m'zaka 10. Kutalika kwa North America kwambiri kotero kuti chikhalidwe ndi osiyana, osati kum'mwera ndi kumpoto, komanso mbali ya kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa m'dzikoli.

kafukufuku ambiri

Map of North America (thupi) limasonyeza kuti kumpoto kwa kuno, monga pa Africa Eurasian, ili kozizira m'chipululu - malo a ayezi ndi chipale chofewa. Mu dziko lino, kanthu limakula kupatula ndere ndi lichens. Ku Alaska, Labrador kumpoto ndi Hudson Bay akuyamba zone Titafika pamalo. Kale n'zotheka kukumana ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono mitengo, zitsamba ndi udzu otsika. Titafika pamalo amalowa nkhalango coniferous. Ambiri, nkhalango North America kuphimba wachitatu m'dzikoli. Nayonso ndi woyera ndi spruces wakuda, paini ndi firs m'malo balsamic wosanganiza ndi deciduous m'nkhalango, pali linden, maples, mitengo, chestnuts. Ndiye nkhalango thins ndipo amayendayenda kum'mwera m'nkhalango, ndipo pambuyo - mu steppe lapansi. madera awa a North America otchedwa mminda. Kumtunda uko ndi enieni chipululu, koma iwo anaphwanya kudula kudzera mapiri awo.

mbali nyengo

Nature of North America osiyanasiyana Africa ndi ku mabacteria onse nyengo, kupatula yamphamvu. M'nyengo yozizira nyengo ndi kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi cheza dzuwa, ndi m'chilimwe - ku zochita za m'nyanja. Mu kumpoto kwa Chile mu January frosts kufika -20 ... -25 digiri, pamene m'chigawo chapakati cha Greenland kungakhale kwa madigiri -55. Mu Alaska, ndipo ambiri a Hudson Bay yozizira yozizira kuti -15 ... -20, ndipo mpweya m'chilimwe ndi kutenthetsa kwa +5 ... + 10. Kumadera ndi kotentha nyengo (kumpoto mkamwa mwa Columbia) yozizira kutentha ndi -10 ... -5 madigiri ndi osapitirira +20 m'chilimwe. Dera ku Florida kwa California, wa lamba subtropical. Mu Mississippi Valley yotentha pafupifupi kutentha kwa +25 ... + 30, ndi frosts yozizira akhoza kufika madigiri 15.

Arctic

Zikusonyeza mapu a North America (thupi) ndi mbali kumpoto kwa Africa si wonyong'onya. Malinga ndi mtunda ndi chikhalidwe cha kusintha. Chirichonse chimene si anaphimba ndi ayezi, ladzala ndi madzi. Mtundu Titafika pamalo zina ngakhale kwakukulu koposa kwa Russian yophukira nkhalango. Ice nyanja kupereka zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa za mitundu ndi kusintha yosalala kuchokera woyera kuti wakuda. Ice kawirikawiri akuda ndi Kamaoneka mitundu buluu. Ndi kunyumba kwa zimbalangondo ndi walruses, mbalame osati kwambiri, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ntchito chakudya wolemera.

Opitirira theka a chotchedwa sushi US Arctic ndi Greenland, umene uli 85% ankakhala oundana pepala. Komabe, mwanyanja ake si kozizira chotere ngati zikuoneka kuti ambiri. M'chaka, anthu pano ngakhale kusambira mu nyanza. zomera Greenland ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi kuli mitundu mazana angapo osiyana zomera, Pakati pali ngakhale birch. Komabe, makamaka dziko ndi zomera khalidwe la Titafika pamalo a. Apa izo anapeza dziko laling'ono mu mtengo - ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono msondodzi, kufika kutalika osapitirira 5 masentimita. Kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Greenland ali ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri. Pali ayezi ndi maiko miyala indented ndi fjords ndi Magombe.

nkhalango boreal

Nature of North America ali wolemera mu nkhalango. Kum'mwera kwa Titafika pamalo kukula osinovidnye popula ndi Oil, kum'mwera kumadzulo - spruce ndi paini nkhalango, omwe akutipatsa njira kum'mwera m'dera kusintha ndi zomera coniferous ndi deciduous. Canada kumpoto m'mphepete amakhudza kukongola chete nthawi iliyonse chaka, koma m'chilimwe, pamene spruce nkhalango kumawala ndi mitundu yowala, makamaka wokongola. Yukon ndi British Columbia okutidwa ndi nyanja ya mitengo. Nyama ndi zomera la North America mu zone ichi akupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. A zinyama kuno pali woyera-tailed agwape, njati zakutchire, coyotes, beavers, mphalapala, imvi ndi wofiira amphaka, woodland caribou, akalulu ndi hares, wolverines.

Mu kusintha zoni conifers anayamba Njira ndi deciduous: thundu, elderberry, alder, mapulo. Obwerawa nkhalango anatambasula ku British Columbia kuti dera Great Lakes ndi kupitirira - ku New England. Mapiri a Southern California ndipo atazungulira meadows yokutidwa ndi nkhalango zobiriwira. Zoni m'mphepete mwa nyanja zambiri zomera zosowa - mitengo ya kanjedza ndi m'mitengo kunja kwa Australia. Mu Kentucky, Alabama ndi Tennessee Kukula nkhalango weniweni yotakata-Ndalankhula. Kudzera limati izi, ndi Georgia, iye amapita kum'mawa, kum'mwera kwa Virginia. Pali mitengo, otuwira, Elm, birch, hornbeam, Magnolia, alder, msondodzi, mapulo, popula, mgoza, phulusa, mthethe.

nkhalango kotentha anasiyanitsidwa ndi Mzere wa parklands tchire. Iwo kupyola East Texas, adzazungulire Great m'Chigwa ndi kuphimba m'chipululu cha Illinois, kenako kumachilambalala miyala kumapiri ndi kudzaonekeranso kum'mwera British Columbia. Mtundu wa mtunda yodziwika ndi udzu ndi kuwonekera mwa iwo mitengo osakwatiwa: mlombwa, paini, thundu, mapulo, spruce.

tchire

Chotero anaitana danga chopanda malire, agwilitse lonse chapakati gawo m'dzikoli. Nature of North America wasintha kwambiri chifukwa zimakhudza anthu, ndi tchire mu maonekedwe ake oyambirira tsopano imapezeka mu yamawangamawanga yaing'ono. Onse a dziko analima, madzi chongopeka anawoloka ndi mizere mphamvu ndi misewu. Pamodzi ndi mitsinje pa zigwa chigumula anatambasula munda. zomera zambiri ndi nyama ya North America, poyamba anakumana pano, tsopano mbisoweka kapena inachepetseratu.

Mu tchire m'nyengo yozizira ndi ozizira mokwanira: chisanu akugwa, mphepo ikubwera. Ndi kubera masika kungakhale madzi osefukira. Apa ndi nthawi yabwino - mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe, pamene chirichonse chimakhala onunkhira ndi limamasula. Mu August pakubwera chilala, moto amayambira. Komabe, m'mphambano za mminda, lizikhala ndi ziwalo, America mukukhulupirira m'mphepete mwa kukongola chosaneneka. Alendo amakonda malo awa momwe nyanja ndi m'mapaki nkhalango.

mapiri

Ku Alaska ku Mexico, izo akutambasula unyolo wa Cordillera, ndi pakati pa iwo zitunda kugona zigwa ndi zitunda zathyathyathya. mapiri miyala ndi zomera zodabwitsa ndi kusungira ambiri zodabwitsa buluu nyanja. Chisanu malo otsetsereka a kumpoto ndi m'chigwa mbale woboola pakati sangathe kusungunula onse chilimwe. Mapiri a Arizona, Utah ndi Colorado atazunguliridwa ndi zitunda zathyathyathya mkulu. Kudera limeneli lonse nyengo yake, chikhalidwe chake ndi kapangidwe miyala, zinyama chodabwitsa ndi zomera. A zambiri mabala Geological strata kudzera cimodzi za zozizwa za North America - Grand Canyon, kuya komwe kumafika mamita 1800, ndi kutalika - makilomita 340. Anthu ku dziko lonse kuno kuona ndi maso awo pamaso yamuyaya ndi ukulu wa chilengedwe.

kugombe mchenga

Mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Chile, chilumba cha Nantucket kuti Florida ndi kuzungulira Gulf of Mexico Mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja akutambasula ndi zambiri mumchenga. M'madera ena pa milu ndi mitengo ya paini, groundsel, chilombo ananyamuka. Apa izo zimapezeka zambiri mbalame: mockingbirds, Mbalame, herons buluu, woodpeckers, chithaphwi lycidae trupialy, oatmeal, cormorants, gulls, abakha. Mbalame kudya moyo m'madzi: nsomba, nkhanu, nkhanu horseshoe, ndi zina zotero.

pomaliza

Nature of North America kwa nthawi yaitali sali yemweyo monga momwe analiri poyamba. Pambuyo yolima minda, nkhalango kudula, kumanga mzinda, anthu anaphwanya bwino zachilengedwe. Munthu aphedwe njiwa, ndipo zidawawononga gulu la njati, ndi nyama zimene zatsala, ndi kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano. Mungathe kuona mzinda misewu maoposamu kugubuduza zitini zinyalala mu chakudya, raccoon pafupi odyera kupempha nyenyeswa, ndi pamodzi misewu msipu nswala kuthengo, kwathunthu angatsutse kuti magalimoto careening. Ku New York, ndi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali wa akadzidzi kukaikira mazira ndi chiwombankhanga, ndi m'mapaki ndi minda kuti chitakhazikitsidwa zosiyanasiyana mbalame. Pano pali iye, zinyama anthropogenic malo!