Monga kuwira mfundo ya madzi imasiyana malingana zoipazi

Pakuti chimene munthu anayamba wiritsani madzi akumwa mwachindunji? Ndiko kulondola, kudziteteza mabakiteriya ambiri tizilombo ndi tizilombo tina. Mwambo umenewu anabwera ndi gawo la akale Russia pamaso Peter Wamkulu, ngakhale kuti amakhulupirira kuti iye amene anayambitsa samovar woyamba m'dziko ndipo anayambitsa umo_mosangalala masana tiyi mwambo. Ndipotu, mtundu wa samovars anthu wathu ntchito zambiri chakumwa wakale wa zitsamba, zipatso ndi mizu. Otentha zofunika pano makamaka m'zigawo za mbewu zothandiza akupanga kuposa disinfection. Ndipotu, pa nthawi imeneyo ndinali n'komwe za microcosm, kumene mabakiteriya izi moyo mavairasi. Komabe, zikomo kuwira dziko lathu kukanidwa ndi mliri lonse matenda oopsa, monga kolera kapena diphtheria.

Celsius lonse

Great Meteorology, miyala ndi nthaka ndi zakuthambo Swedish Anders Tselsy poyamba ntchito mtengo madigiri 100 kusonyeza yozizira koopsa mfundo ya madzi, pansi pa zikhalidwe zachilendo, ndipo kuwira mfundo ya madzi analandidwa madigiri ziro. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake mu 1744, palibe umunthu zochepa odziwika bwino, katswiri Karl Linney ndi Celsius Morten Shtremer wolandila, anatembenuka lonse kwa mayiko ntchito zake. Komabe, malinga ndi zina, apangana yokha Celsius asanamwalire. Koma Mulimonsemo mtendere kuwerenga ndi maphunziro bwino mukopedwe ndi ubiquity ntchito zake mwa yapamwamba kwambiri pa nthawi kudzinenera sayansi - akatswiri. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti lokhalamo wa chizindikiro lonse madigiri 100 amapereka azilandira chithupsa madzi m'malo chiyambi cha yozizira koopsa ake, lonse wakhala yaikulu kwa dzina la Mlengi wake, Celsius.

m'mlengalenga m'munsi

Komatu sikuti zonse ndi zazing'ono ngati zikuoneka pa koyamba. Kuyang'ana chithunzi chilichonse boma PT- kapena PS-ndondomeko (S mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito zinchito kutentha mukudalira mwachindunji), tikuona mmene kumagwirizana kutentha ndi anzawo. Mofananamo, kuwira mfundo ya madzi, malingana zoipazi kusintha kufunika kwake. Ndipo climber iliyonse mwangwiro bwino chuma ichi. Aliyense amene anaphunzira mu moyo wanga pa msinkhu wa mamita 2000-3000 pamwamba pa nyanja, amadziwa kuti n'zovuta kupuma pa okwera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti apamwamba tikukwera, ndi n'kakang'ono mpweya umakhala. Atmospheric kuthamanga kugwa m'munsimu mpweya umodzi (m'munsimu N. Mu. Zimenezo m'munsimu "zinthu zachilendo"). Falls ndi kuwira mfundo ya madzi. Malinga ndi kuthamanga pa chilichonse pa zitunda zikhoza kuwiritsa monga makumi asanu ndi atatu, ndi makumi asanu pa madigiri Celsius.

Anzanu Cookers

Komatu ngakhale kuti tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tambirimbiri ndi kufa kutentha kuposa madigiri sikisite Celsius ndi kupulumuka madigiri zambiri makumi asanu ndi atatu. N'chifukwa chake tikugwiritsa madzi chithupsa, ndiye ife kubweretsa kutentha kwake kwa 100 ° C. Komabe, pali khitchini zipangizo chidwi kuti achepetse nthawi ndi kutenthetsa madzi ndi kutentha popanda otentha komanso kuwonda ndi evaporation. Pozindikira kuti kuwira mfundo ya madzi, malingana zoipazi zingasiyane akatswiri US zochokera zinachitika French kuperekedwa kwa dziko mu 1920s, ndi kuthamanga cooker. Mfundo ntchito zake zochokera chakuti chivindikiro litakhazi- mbamuikha khoma, popanda kuthekera kwa kuchotsa nthunzi. Mkati kuthamanga okwera analenga, ndipo madzi akuyamba kuwira pa apamwamba kutentha. Komabe, Msuzi ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa inaphulika ndipo amayaka kwambiri owerenga.

Choncho,

Tiyeni tione mmene amabwera napereka ndondomekoyi. Tayerekezerani mwangwiro yosalala ndi wamphamvu yaikulu Kutentha pamwamba, mmene kutentha yogawa ndi yunifolomu (chilichonse millimeter lalikulu la padziko amadyetsedwa yofanana mphamvu matenthedwe), ndipo pamwamba roughness amamuchititsa ziro. Pankhaniyi, N. Y. chithupsa mu laminar malire wosanjikiza lidzayamba nthawi yomweyo padziko lonse ndipo zimachitika nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yomweyo vaporizing lonse wagawo buku la madzi pamwamba pake. Awa ndi makhalidwe abwino, izi sizichitika mu moyo weniweniwo.

Mu zenizeni,

Tiyeni tipeze chimene ndi koyamba kuwira mfundo ya madzi. Malinga kuthamanga izo azisinthidwanso phindu lake, koma mfundo yaikulu pano lagona apa mu zomwe. Ngakhale tatenga yosalala, mu maganizo athu, poto ndi podnesom izo pansi maso, mu eyepiece wake tiona m'mbali m'goli ndi lakuthwa nsonga pafupipafupi protrude pamwamba chachikulu. Kutentha pamwamba pa poto, tiyenera kuganiza umagwiritsidwa uniformly, ngakhale si zoona mawu oona ndithu. Ngakhale pamene poto waima pa burner yaikulu pa masinthidwe amtundu mbaula kutentha ndi omangidwa anagawira ndipo pali nthawi zonse a madzi otentha mawanga udindo madzi oyambirira kuwira. Madigirii angati Pankhaniyi padziko nsonga ndi chibowo mwa iye? mosadodometsedwa pamwamba nsonga pa mwachidule kutentha umafunda mwamsanga nisin ndi otchedwa maenje. Komanso, kumbali zonse mwa madzi ndi kutentha otsika, amapereka bwino mphamvu ya mamolekyulu madzi. The koyefishienti wa nsonga matenthedwe pakati kawiri kuposa wa nisin.

kutentha

N'chifukwa chake koyamba kuwira mfundo ya madzi ndi za makumi asanu ndi atatu madigiri Celsius. Pa mtengo uwu wa nsonga pamwamba kudyetsedwa okwanira kuchuluka kwa kutentha wofunikila kuwira yomweyo wa madzi ndi mapangidwe kuwira choyamba, diso looneka lomwe wamanyazi ayamba kuwuka pamwamba. Kodi kuwira mfundo ya madzi pa kuthamanga mumlengalenga - anapempha ambiri. Yankho la funso limeneli lili mu magome mosavuta. Pa kuthamanga mumlengalenga otentha akonzedwa khola pa 99,9839 ° C.