A msonkho kakatundu mtsogolo ndi mfundo zake

Kukhala ndi lingaliro la chimene mtsogolo kakatundu msonkho, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsa zimene zili ndi maganizo misonkho mtsogolo, zomwe kampani ayenera kupereka phindu kwa. M'lingaliro kwambiri ambiri, msonkho uyu akutumikira monga udindo wa akuwuka kwa malonda kapena bungwe m'tsogolo. Komanso chifukwa chachikulu asayembekezere panopa alipo mavuto m'chigawo cha ntchito zachuma ndi malipiro a misonkho.

Izi, kumlingo, msonkho makonzedwe akhoza kuchita masamu malinga ndi mfundo za chuma za kampani kapena bungwe, monga ulamuliro, ndi kuchuluka wofanana ndi msonkho zenizeni zimene uyenera kulipiridwa ndi gulu malonda mu nthawi ya misonkho.

Pamene kuwerengetsera ngati mwachibadwa uka kusiyanitsa msonkho ndi mlandu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za makhalidwe kuwunika. kusiyana izi ndi zakanthawi, koma m'tsogolo kungayambitse umboni wakuti kuwerengera za chuma ndi ngongole, ndalama ndi kuchuluka ndalama m'gulu la mawerengedwe msonkho.

Asayansi makonzedwe ongolankhula msonkho anapanga, kawirikawiri mwa njira zitatu. Deferral njira lili mu choona kuti mtsogolo msonkho anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi mlingo wa msonkho, lomwe ndi malamulo pa nthawi ya kuzindikira kusiyana. Latsopano la Russia, njira yotero ya mawerengedwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka 2010, ndiye, malinga ndi malamulo mlandu, wakhala ntchito njira udindo. Njira imeneyi amapereka chifukwa cha ngongole ya ogwira ntchito kapena phindu kampaniyo ndi imfa. Pali njira lachitatu - bwino, amene ali kuyerekeza mtengo woikidwiratu malinga ndi msonkho ndi mlandu.

Motero, mtsogolo kakatundu msonkho amaimira gawo la msonkho mtsogolo, zomwe mwachikulu akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa mu kuchuluka kwa msonkho sonyezani mwa kampani kapena bungwe phindu, ndi amene uyenera kulipiridwa monga malamulo ziliri pa nyengo yotsatira malipoti ndi kupitirira.

Chikhaliro amazindikira ndi mtsogolo kakatundu msonkho pa nthawi imene fano la ndaitchula kusiyana osakhalitsa, ndi pa chikhalidwe chimenecho zina mu kudza nthawi zachuma, izo katapira, amene adzakhoza kupereka msonkho. Mu mlandu mtsogolo kakatundu misonkho olembedwa zochokera ndalama kusiyana onsewa, koma pa nthawi imene kusiyana sadzakhala kuchepetsedwa kapena inathetsedwa kwathunthu.

Chilinganizo chimene anatsimikiza ngongole ngati mtsogolo msonkho motere: Ho = BP × STN kumene: Koma - mtengo wa katundu mtsogolo msonkho, BP - chizindikiro cha nthawi kusiyana, STN - mtengo mlingo msonkho, amene amamasulidwa pa nthawi chilamulo.

Dongosolo mlandu wa chuma mtsogolo msonkho - ndi zizindikiro zomwe amadziwa odzikonda zili nkhani osiyana, limene lakonzedwa kuti alembe ndi khalidwelo pa chuma mtsogolo msonkho. M'pofunikanso kuti, monga kale, zinthu zimenezi zinalembedwa mlandu paokha, mwachitsanzo padera pa mtundu wa katundu amene gwero la kusiyana kwa kanthawi mu kuwerengera.

Iwo anapanga chifukwa cha kusiyana:

- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana kompyuta damping kuti amagwiritsa kampani inayake kapena bungwe pa mlandu;

- kuzindikira za ndalama kwa katundu anagulitsa mu mawonekedwe a ndalama ku ntchito wamba a kumalo a ntchito;

- likhoza kuphwanya malamulo a malipiro a msonkho pa phindu ogwira ntchito kapena bungwe;

- kugwiritsa ntchito sizikugwirizana malamulo ndi kusinkhasinkha mlingo chidwi kuti kampani kapena bungwe malipira ngongole ya.

Mu dongosolo mlandu, katundu amenewa amaoneka zolemba n'zosiyana: madebiti accrual 77 - Kr 68 moyenera, kubwezera AT 68 - 77 Km.