Mwachidule yonena Ivana Kality, Grand Prince wa Moscow

Mwachidule yonena Ivana Kality zofanana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya moyo wa ena ambiri akalonga Russian a chi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngwazi athu anali kuyima ntchito zake zino. Choyamba, kuti anaika maziko a mphamvu tsogolo chuma ndi ndale mu Moscow. Kodi tsogolo wakhala ankamasulira pochita zinthu zofunika kwambiri Ivana Groznogo, m'mbali zambiri analenga Ivan Kalita. Mwachidule yonena za kalonga akuyamba mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XIII. Mwina 1283.

Mwachidule yonena Ivana Kality: zaka zoyambilira

wolamulira wam'tsogolo anali mwana wamng'ono wa Moscow Prince Daniel Alexandrovich (ndi mdzukulu wa wotchuka Aleksandra Nevskogo). Kale mu 1296, anakhala kazembe atate wake Novgorod. Mu 1304 amalandira yoyamba asilikali zinachitikira ake utsogoleri mu nkhondo ndi kalonga wa Tver mzinda wa Pereyaslavl. Zomwe zinachitika inathera ndi chigonjetso wa kalonga. Kwa nthawi yaitali membala wamng'ono wa banja Kalonga anali mu mthunzi wa Yuri Danilovich, mchimwene wake, amene anathamanga Moscow. Koma yonena mwachidule Ivana Kality kona mu 1320. abale wotumidwa kwa gulu la chizindikiro Khan pa gulu la maiko Russian. Chifukwa cha ulendo, m'bale mkulu ati kulamulira Novgorod, ndipo wamng'ono kuti amapita ku Moscow.

Ivan Kalita. Mwachidule pa bolodi

Amene anakwera wachifumu Prince watsimikizira mokwanira amphamvu ndi chosunga ndale. Iye nthaŵi zonse ankapita chiguluchi, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro ndi malo Khan Chiuzibeki. Kumbali chuma, izi zinachititsa bata ndi bata wachisomo chifukwa cholowa chake mu nthawi pamene onse a dziko Russian alipire mkulu malipiro okwanira amakakamizidwa Khan Baskakov. Chifukwa cha nyengo iyi yabwino Muscovy ankagwiritsiranso kusinthidwa othawa kwawo ochokera m'mayiko ena. Grew mzinda wake, umoyo wa boyars m'deralo, enlivened ndi luso. Mwachidule yonena Ivana Kality analandira zogwirizana ndi kuwuka kwa Moscow pa ena maukulu Russian. Mu 1325 mu Moscow dipatimenti Metropolitan Orthodox anasamutsidwa, kupangitsa chabe zofunika zachuma ndi kupanga malo, komanso pakati wauzimu wa Russian dziko lonse. Ivan Kalita ntchito mwaluso ndi yopindika yabwino kwa ulamuliro wake. Mochenjera, chinyengo, khama ndale ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito kufooka kwa adani analola kuti iye kwambiri kukuza ukulu wa cholowa chawo. Iwo anagulidwa Uglich. Zinatha nthawi yaitali yolimbirana ulamuliro ndi odana akale, Kalonga wa Tver, Alexander Mikhailovich. Mu 1327, panali kupha ku Tver gulu baskak. Ivan Kalita mopupuluma Dziwani Khan Chiuzibeki wonse ndi wokonzeka kupereka ku chilango perpetrators lapansi. Izi n'kumupatsa anakafuna patsogolo Khan pa nkhondo yolimbana Tver ntchito mphamvu gulu komanso ufulu zina kulamulira mzinda ndi kusonkhanitsa msonkho anu Khan. Moscow kalonga anayesa angagwirizanitse chuma chake, ndi kumzinda waukulu ku Northern Russia, Novgorod. Komabe, ntchitoyi zinatha kugonjetsedwa kwa iye. Ivan Kalita anafa 1340, kusiya mpando wachifumu mlowam'malo wake Simeon onyada.