M'munsi a Chigaza lapansi. Kodi mafupa kupanga maziko a Chigaza ndi

Chigaza anthu akuimira chigawo kwambiri ya dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa. Yosonkhanitsa mafupa a m'mutu - dongosolo kuti imalongosola mawonekedwe ake ndi kutumikira cholandirira kwa ubongo ndi ziwalo imalandira. Komanso, mu chigaza yomwe imakhala ena zinthu za machitidwe kupuma ndi m'mimba. Minofu mafupa ake ambiri Ufumuyo, kuphatikizapo nkhope ndi kutafuna. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa magulu awa a Chigaza anthu: nkhope ndi ubongo, koma kugawikana izi monga lachabechabe, monga gulu mu akonzedwa ndi m'munsi. Kwa ambiri a fupa cranial ali ndi zovuta osasamba mawonekedwe. N'zokhudza wina ndi mzake ndi matabwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Yekha makina olowa mu mafupa a m'mutu - ndi olowa temporomandibular, amene amasamalira wa kutafuna ndi kulankhula.

Matenda a chigaza anthu: dipatimenti ubongo

Dipatimenti imeneyi ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo lili ubongo. Chibade anapanga unpaired (occipital, mazunzo ndi sphenoid) ndi nthunzi (kanthawi ndi parietal) mafupa. voliyumu yake ndi 1500 CC. Wokambirana mwakuya ndi dipatimenti ya nkhope. Upper cranial mafupa - yosalala (kunja) ndi lathyathyathya. Iwo ali ndi wochepa thupi, koma wolimba mbale, limene lili mu m'mafupa. anthu Chigaza, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'munsimu - ndi zovuta ndi changwiro dongosolo lililonse mchitidwe omwe ndi ntchito yake.

ofesi kutsogolo

Monga kudera nkhope, ndiye alandire wophatikizidwa maxillary ndi zygomatic mafupa, unpaired mandibular, palatal, gululi, hyoid fupa ndi lacrimal, vomer, fupa m'mphuno ndi turbinate otsika. Mano yavlyutsya mbali ya Chibade nkhope. Mbali khalidwe la unpaired mafupa dipatimenti - pamaso pa iwo a cavities mpweya, amene ntchito matenthedwe kutchinjiriza mkati matupi. mafupa awa kupanga khoma m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno mphako, komanso mwake. Kapangidwe awo ndi makhalidwe munthu zimatheka ndi zosiyanasiyana nkhope.

kukula Features

chigaza cha munthu thunthu akhala afufuza, koma zodabwitsa. Mu ndondomeko ya kukula, ndipo kenako kukalamba, mawonekedwe a mutu zimasiyanasiyana sekleta. Amadziwika kuti ana kugwirizana m'madipatimenti nkhope ndi oziziritsa si monga akuluakulu: a chimaposa chachiwiri. Chibade cha wakhanda yosalala, polumikiza mfundo yodziwika ndi elasticity. Komanso, mafupa alipo pakati pa Chipilala mbali connective minofu kapena fontanels. Iwo n'zotheka kuti kuchepetsa mbali ya cranium wa pobereka popanda kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Ndi chaka chachiwiri cha moyo fontanels "anatseka"; mutu akuyamba kuwonjezera kwambiri mu kukula. Seveni zaka anapanga mbali kutsogolo, mano mkaka m'malo mwa mbadwa. asanakwanitse zaka 13 m'chipinda chotetezeka ndi maziko a Chigaza kukula wogawana osati mwamsanga. Ndiye pakubwera kwa a mazunzo ndi madipatimenti nkhope. Patapita zaka 13 imayambira kusonyeza kugonana kusiyana. Anyamata, chigaza umakhala elongated ndi mpumulo, atsikana ndi adzakhale ndi yosalala. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu akazi kuchuluka kwa dipatimenti ubongo zosakwana amuna (kuyambira mafupa awo mfundo lonyozeka kwa mwamuna kukula).

A pang'ono za msinkhu wawo

Motalikitsa kupitiriza kukula ndi chitukuko cha dera nkhope, koma patatha zaka 20-25, ndipo mochedwa. Akafike munthu 30 azaka kuyamba kukula matabwa. Okalamba pali kuchepa kwa elasticity ndi kulimba kwa mafupa (kuphatikizapo mutu), pali mapindikidwe wa dera nkhope (makamaka chifukwa imfa dzino ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito masticatory). Anthu Chigaza, amene zithunzi Tingaone pansipa, wa nkhalamba, ndipo Kudaonekeratu poyera nthawi yomweyo.

Chipilala ndi tsinde

Brain chigaza ndi zigawo ziwiri wosiyana. The malire pakati pawo chimafikira pang'ono pansi pa mzere akuthamanga m'mphepete kwa infraorbital zygomatic ndondomeko. Iwo chikugwirizana ndi mphero-zygomatic suture ndiye akudutsa pamwamba pa kutsegula kunja lamayimbidwe nufikira lokwera occipital. Zowoneka m'chipinda chotetezeka ndi tsinde a Chigaza alibe malire momveka, mugawo ili ndi makonzedwe.

Chirichonse pamwamba mzere uwu akhakula malire, lotchedwa m'chipinda chotetezeka kapena denga. Chipilala anapanga ndi parietal ndi mafupa mazunzo ndi occipital ndi mafupa mwakanthawi. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu za Chipilala - mosabisa.

M'munsi mwa chomwecho - ndi mmunsi a Chigaza lapansi. kutsegula lalikulu ili mu malo ake. Therethrough cranial M'mimbamo chikugwirizana ndi ngalande vertebral. Ndiye pali mankhwala ambiri kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

Kodi mafupa kupanga maziko a Chigaza ndi

The mbali pamwamba pa tsinde ndi popangidwa ndi wophatikizidwa fupa zosatha (yeniyeni, mamba awo). Pambuyo pawo woyenera fupa occipital lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe hemispherical. Amakhala ndi magawo angapo mosabisa, imene zaka 3-6 kwathunthu zinaphatikizidwa mu chimodzi. Pakati pa iwo ndi bowo lalikulu. Kwenikweni, m'munsi a Chigaza amatenda mbali chabe ya basilar ndi zapambuyo occipital fupa.

Wina Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya m'munsi ndi - ndi sphenoid fupa. Izo zikugwirizana ndi cheekbones, ndi kutsegula ndi fupa lacrimal, ndi kuwonjezera iwo - ndi occipital kale ndi wathupi.

Zolemba fupa wapangidwa njira zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, ndipo mapiko a thupi lake. Ndi symmetrical ndi akufanana gulugufe kapena kachilomboka ndi mapiko kufalikira. pamwamba pake ndi m'goli, vuto, ndi tokhala ambiri, amazipotokola ndi mabowo. Kuchokera occipital mphero fupa m'pamene sinhrondozom.

m'munsi mkati

Pamwamba pa m'munsi mkati - concave m'goli anagawa okwera achilendo. Iwo recapitulates ubongo zimachititsa chilumbachi. mkati Chigaza m'munsi zikuphatikizapo mabowo zitatu izi: kumbuyo, pakati ndi kutsogolo. Choyamba mwa zinthuzi ndi ambiri kwambiri ndipo capacious. Iwo aumbike mwa magawo a occipital ndi, sphenoid, parietal fupa, komanso kumbuyo padziko piramidi. The zapambuyo fossa ndi dzenje chonse chimene chimafika kwa occipital mkati protrusion occipital Crest.

Pansi pa fossa pakati ndi: sphenoid fupa, wazikang'a pamwamba pa fupa kanthawi ndi kutsogolo padziko piramidi. Pakati ndi otchedwa Turkey chishalo, amene nyumba pituitary. M'munsi mwa sella abwino carotid sulcus. Mbali zigawo fossa pakati kuya, mabowo ambiri ukunenedwa kwa mitsempha (kuphatikizapo zithunzi).

Pankhani ya kutsogolo m'munsi, ndi aumbike mwa phiko ka fupa sphenoid, yozungulira mbali ya mazunzo ndi ethmoid fupa. Kutumikira (chapakati) gawo la fossa imatchedwa cockscomb.

akunja pamwamba

ndi patsinde pa chigaza kuchokera kunja chiyani? Poyamba, mbali kutsogolo (zomwe kusiyanitsa m'kamwa fupa, mano, ndi zochepa maxillary njira alveolar) zobisika mafupa nkhope. Kachiwiri, kumbuyo m'munsi aumbike anapambulwa wosakhalitsa, occipital fupa. Monga pali mabowo kwa ndimeyi Mitsempha ndi misempha. Mbali yaikulu ya m'munsi ndi chimakwirira magnum foramen, m'mbali mwa amene ali ndi mayina ofanana condyles. N'zokhudza ndi khomo lachiberekero ndime vertebral. Padziko akunja a m'munsi komanso inali styloid ndi mastoid pterygoid fupa sphenoid ndi mabowo ambiri (jugular, stylomastoid) ndi ngalande.

kuvulala

M'munsi a Chigaza, ndi mwamwayi, si monga chiopsezo monga ingachititse. Kuwonongeka kwa gawo lino ndi n'chosoŵa, koma mavuto aakulu. Nthawi zambiri amayambitsa ndi kugwa kuchokera kumwamba kwambiri, kenako ankafika pa mutu kapena miyendo, ngozi ndi tokhala mu nsagwada m'munsi ndi patsinde pa mphuno. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zimenezi kuonongeka fupa mwakanthawi. Fractures m'munsi limodzi liquorrhea (atapita madzimadzi cerebrospinal kwa khutu kapena kwa mphuno), bleedings.

Ngati anawononga zapambuyo cranial fossa, anapanga nuchoka kuzungulira maso, ngati chiyerekezo - nuchoka m'dera la ndondomeko mastoid. Kuwonjezera liquorrhea ndi magazi pa fractures m'munsi kumachitika kumva imfa, imfa ya kulawa, ziwalo, ndiponso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Kuvulala kwa chigaza m'munsi amatsogolera pa bwino kupindika msana, pa zikachitika - kumaliza ziwalo (popeza zimabweretsa akusokoneza kulankhulana pakati pa CNS ndi ubongo). Anthu amene anali fractures a mtundu kawirikawiri zowawa meninjaitisi.