Nsalu za Purkinje mu mtima

Mtima wathu ndi minofu yomwe imakhala yosiyana kwambiri. Mkati mwawo muli dongosolo lovuta la maselo enieni (osokoneza mtendere), omwe ali ndi njira zamakono zowunika ntchito. Zikuphatikizapo, mwa zina, Purguje fibers. Iwo ali mu ng'anjo yamakina a zinyama ndipo ali ndi udindo wa synchronous contraction.

Kutengera kwachibadwa kachitidwe kachitidwe

Kachitidwe kabwino ka mtima kamene kakagawanika m'zigawo zinayi ndi anatomists. Gawo loyamba limaphatikizapo nthiti yowonjezera (sinoatrial). Ndiphatikizapo mitanda itatu ya maselo omwe amapanga mapulaneti pafupipafupi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri pa mphindi. Kukula kwa mtima kotero kumapangitsa kukhala ndi magazi okwanira m'thupi, kupuma kwa oxygen ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Ngati pazifukwa zina oyamba pacemaker sangathe kugwira ntchito yake, nthenda ya atrioventricular (atrioventricular) imalowa. Ili pa malire a zipinda za mtima mu septum yapakati. Maselo osungunukawa amachititsa kuti mavotolo afupipafupi azisanu ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu apite ndipo amawoneka kuti ndi woyendetsa nyimbo yachiwiri.

Mbali yotsatira ya kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka katunduyo ndi mtolo wa Ake ndi nsalu za Purkinje. Iwo ali mu chipanichi chotsatira ndipo amamanga pamwamba pa mtima. Izi zimapangitsa kufalitsa mofulumira magetsi pamphepete mwa ventricular myocardium. Kufulumira kwa m'badwo kumasiyana nthawi makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu pa mphindi.

Magazi

Mbali za njira yothandizira, yomwe ili mu atria, imalandira zakudya zam'madzi kuchokera kumadera akutali, mosiyana ndi magalimoto onse. Nthata ya sinoatrial imadyetsa mitsempha yaing'ono kapena iwiri yomwe imadutsa m'makoma a mtima. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chimakhala pamaso pa mitsempha yaikulu yomwe imadutsa pakati pa mfundoyi. Iyi ndi nthambi ya mitsempha yoyenera . Iyenso amapereka nthambi zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimapanga makina oopsa-oopsa pa tsamba lino la minofu ya atrial.

Mtolo wa Giesa ndi Purkinje ulusi amathandizidwanso kuchokera ku nthambi za mitsempha yoyenerera bwino (zojambula zamkati) kapena mwachindunji. Nthaŵi zina, magazi amatha kulowa mkati mwa envelopu ya mitsempha. Pano, palinso magulu akuluakulu a capillaries omwe amapangidwanso m'matumbo a cardiomyocytes.

Maselo a mtundu woyamba

Kusiyanitsa kwa maselo omwe amalowa m'ntchito yoyendetsa ndi chifukwa chakuti amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu itatu yaikulu ya maselo.

Otsogolera opaleshoni ndi P-maselo kapena maselo a mtundu woyamba. Malphologically, awa ndi ang'onoang'ono maselo omwe ali ndi phokoso lalikulu ndi njira zambiri zotalikirana. Maselo angapo oyandikana nawo amaonedwa ngati magulu, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chigawo chimodzi chofanana.

Mitsinje ya myofibril imakonzedwa kuti ikhale ndi mapangidwe mkati mwa chilengedwe cha P maselo. Zinthu zimenezi zimakhala zosachepera kotala la malo onse otchedwa cytoplasmic space. Zina zamagetsi zimakhala mkati mwa selo komanso zosachepera m'matumbo amodzi. Ndipo minofu ya cytoskeleton, kumbali inayo, imakhala yodzaza ndi kuthandizira mawonekedwe a madalaivala a nyimbo.

Maselo amenewa ali ndi nthenda yamagetsi, koma zinthu zina zonse, kuphatikizapo zida za Purkinje (zomwe ziphunzitso zake zidzatchulidwa pansipa), zimakhala ndi zosiyana.

Maselo a mtundu wachiwiri

Amatchedwanso madalaivala ochepa kapena osachepera. Maonekedwe olakwika, ofupika kuposa ma cardiomyocyte ochiritsira, koma ali ndi makulidwe akuluakulu, ali ndi makilogalamu awiri, ndipo khoma la selo liri ndi mapepala akuluakulu. Organelles m'maselo amenewa ndi aakulu kuposa mu cytoplasm ya P maselo.

Zingwe zotsekemera zimatambasulidwa pamtunda wautali wa selo. Iwo ndi ochepera ndipo amakhala ndi ziphuphu zambiri. Izi zimawathandiza iwo kuti aziyendetsa nyimbo yachiwiri. Maselowa ali mu nthenda ya atrioventricular, ndipo fasciculus ndi Purkinje ulusi pamakonzedwe kakang'ono akuyimiridwa ndi maselo a mtundu wachitatu.

Maselo a mtundu wachitatu

Akatswiri a zaumulungu apeza mitundu yambiri ya maselo m'magulu otetezedwa a mtima. Malingana ndi kafukufuku amene tawunikira apa, maselo a mtundu wachitatu adzakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi omwe amapanga ulusi wa Purkinje mu mtima. Zili zowonjezereka, poyerekeza ndi madalaivala ena a nyimbo, yayitali komanso yayikulu. Matenda a myofibrils sali ofanana m'madera onse a fiber, koma chiwerengero cha zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mkangano ndi zazikulu kuposa momwe zimagwirira ntchito pamtundu wa cardiomyocyte.

Tsopano tikhoza kuyerekeza maselo a mtundu wachitatu ndi omwe amapangira ulusi wa Purkinje. Histology (yokonzekera yotengedwa kuchokera ku matenda pamwamba pa mtima) wa zinthu izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Mutuwu uli ndi mawonekedwe a makoswe, ndipo nsaluzi zimagwidwa mopanda mphamvu, ziri ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo zimagwirizana. Kuonjezera apo, sizowoneka bwino pamtunda wa khola ndipo zimapezeka nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yochepa ya organelles, yomwe ili pafupi ndi maimbofibrils.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mafupipafupi a mapulaneti omwe amapanga ndi liwiro lawo kumafuna kuti phylogenetically apangidwe njira yokonzera ndondomeko yotsutsana mu mbali zonse za mtima.

Kusiyanitsa kwake kwake kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka cardiomyocytes

Maselo a mtundu wachiwiri ndi wachitatu ali ndi glycogen wambiri ndi metabolites ake kuposa ma cardiomyocytes ochiritsira. Mbaliyi yapangidwa kuti ipereke pulogalamu yokwanira ya pulasitiki ndikuphimba zosowa za maselo mu zakudya. Mavitamini omwe amachititsa glycolysis ndi glycogen kaphatikizidwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri m'maselo a machitidwe. Maselo ogwira ntchito a mtima pali chithunzi chosiyana. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya kumalekerera mosavuta ndi otetezera, kuphatikizapo ulusi wa Purkinje. Kukonzekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi zinthu zowonongeka zimasonyeza ntchito yaikulu yokhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.