Mitundu ya bonsai. Kukula bonsai kunyumba

Ena amakhulupirira kuti bonsai - ndi mtundu wa zomera nyenyezi yaing'ono mtengo kuti mwakula miphika muyezo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti bonsai - ndicho luso, kapena malangizo a nzeru Eastern, lomwe tina mitengo Japanese monga likugwirizana. Ndipotu bonsai - kwenikweni mitengo kakang'ono, ndiwo buku zolondola kwambiri achibale awo wamtali. Pezani iwo - popeza comprehended tsatanetsatane wa mtundu wa luso, ndipo kwa zaka bwinobwino kusungidwa kwawo - yekha kumvetsa subtleties onse a nzeru East zochokera amalingalira chidwi ndi amalingalira. Poyamba, wapadera Japanese mtengo wamtali monga munthu wabwinobwino chipinda maluwa zitha kuwoneka pa zisudzo. Bonsai tsopano amazipanga wotchuka ndi kufalitsa padziko lonse. Ambiri ku Russia anayamba lophunzira njira ya kulima ake. Ndi yosavuta yekha poyamba Mwachidule, koma amanyamula kwambiri zinsinsi ndi mbali.

Kuyamba

Ngati inu mwamphamvu anaganiza kuti mtengo kakang'ono mu mphika muyenera funso ndi lakuti, kodi kutenga izo. Kuti atsogolere ntchito, mukhoza kugula okonzeka zopangidwa bonsai shopu. Ndiye nthawi ya moyo wake mu nyumba ndi kudzadalira nzeru ndi mwambo wa malamulo chisamaliro. Koma otsatira ambiri a chikhalidwe East ndithu mukufuna kukula plantlets awo zosowa kuchokera zikande. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bonsai, malingana ndi mtundu wa zomera kuti atembenuza mu nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi. phungu A akhoza kukhala iliyonse mitengo yonse ya m'mundamu kapena kuchokera m'minda yapafupi nkhalango. bonsai luso wakhala zikomo wotchuka ku Japan, koma anabadwa mu China pa Mafumu Tang, pamene wina wa olamulira ake adafuna kulenga Baibulo kakang'ono la ufumu wake. Ndiyeno anabwera ndi wochenjera wakale Chinese kupanga mitengo wamba ndinu yemweyo, chabe chiwerengero tenfold. Iwo dzina njira zatsopano zaulimi "analima minda pa thireyi" kapena bonsai. Choncho, chotsatira njira ena, nyenyezi yaing'ono angasinthe mbewu iliyonse. Koma kuchita bwino zimadza mitengo kuzilepheretsa kwambiri zinthu aliko, ndicho kukhala mu buku ka nthaka, musati amadwala kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kuunikira, kusintha kutentha pachaka ndi kuthirira. Choncho, ziribe kanthu zimene mitundu ya bonsai musankhe, n'kofunika kuganizira zinthu zachilengedwe moyo wa ziweto zanu ndi kuyesetsa iwo pafupi zotheka.

Kodi kutenga nkhani kubzala

Monga tanena oyenera bonsai zomera zosiyanasiyana monga conifers ndi deciduous. Posankha, m'pofunika kulabadira ubwino tsamba tsamba. Monga mbewu potted ndi kakang'ono, ndi zofunika kuti lamina wa zinachitika ake sali waukulu kwambiri. Apo ayi, thunthu kakang'ono chabe sangakwanitse kuwasunga. The chikhalidwe chachiwiri - kuti mitundu ya zomera, amene adalenga mitundu yosiyana bonsai, ankakonda kunena majini kupanga korona wandiweyani. Popeza tafotokozera phungu, m'pofunika kuganizira, limene nthaka ndi kukula bonsai tsogolo lanu kuthengo, ndi kuwala pa chinyezi iliyonse. Zonsezi ayenera ndendende recreate nyumba mphika. Zochita bwino akwaniritsa ndi mitengo ya zipatso, zipatso, ndi mchisu, mapulo, rhododendron, ficus ndi ena ambiri.

Yamadori

Pali osati osiyanasiyana bonsai, koma umisiri zosiyanasiyana kafalitsidwe ake, kapena kani, kuyambira kulima ntchito. Yamadori ndi luso zophweka kwambiri. izo kwagona kuti malo awo achilengedwe eyeing lamanja wamng'ono sapling. Kwete bwalo, mizu yolimba kwambiri (ngati) ndi truncated ndipo ndekha kwa miyezi itatu. Ndiponso, yotengedwa pansi ndipo anaikidwa mtanda osankhidwa ndi maluwa mphika (bonsaynik). pritenyayut mmela pakuti anatengera mofulumira sprayed, angabweretse ofanana ndi kutentha achilengedwe.

Toriki

Izi luso ali Russian njira zazing'ono cuttings. Nkofunika kuti akakomane ndi deadlines kwa ndondomekoyi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Russia ndi hardwoods zofunika ndikamezetsanidwemo mu kasupe mochedwa, conifers M'malo mwake, pachiyambi. The zomera zimene cuttings ndi kukolola, ayenera kukhala pansi ndi zaka zisanu - zaka khumi. Ngati inu basi adzatsatira malamulo a chodzala zakuthupi akusowekapo kwa bonsai wanu, kumusamalira m'tsogolo Sindizakubweretsanso kukhumudwa. Cuttings ayenera kudula yekha mu nyengo mitambo, kudula sizinathe mphukira ouma. kutalika zingasiyane malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa interstices. Iwo ayenera kukhala osachepera atatu komanso si zofunika kwambiri kuposa asanu. Chapamwamba m'mphepete mwa phesi wodzipangitsa lathyathyathya ndipo m'munsi oblique n'kuliika madzi, pachikuto ndi konyowa nsalu. Njira ina kuchita Toriki - pa vending mphukira mosamala kuchotsedwa Mzere wa khungwa si onse kuposa masentimita 2 kapena nthambi ang'ambe thupilo, lomwe linayikidwa mu mwala. Malowa zochuluka wothira Appin swathe sphagnum pamwamba polyethylene, wokutidwa ndi wotetezedwa mbali zonse kuletsa kotunga mpweya. Mu ichi compress zonse syringe aziwapatsa chinyezi. Mizu nthambi ayenera kuika pakati pa 60 masiku.

Miso

Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa oyamba ndi mbewu kubalana. Oyenera izi maples, mitengo, mchisu, khangaza, zipatso. Mukhoza adzasonkhanitsidwa ku mitengo anasankha mbewu kucha bonsai kuti analandira popanda vuto. mbewu yokha kuti kudutsa mbali zonse za stratification. Kuti atsogolere ntchito, mukhoza molondola kuchotsa masika kuchokera mu nthaka kale Zidamera mbewu ndi zikumera wokonzeka kuika tsogolo la bonsai mu mbale okonzeka.

Gawo malinga ndi kukula

Pali osati mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma masitaelo bonsai kuti amasiyana kukula. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti mu dziko la zomera kakang'ono amakhazikitsa zimphona mwini tomwe midgets. Mu mayiko gulu olekanitsidwa:

1. Mame. gulu tichipeza mitengo mpaka 20 cm mwa iwo.

-Kesi-tsubu (lilliputians mu Lilliput, kutalika kwa yekha kwa 2.5 cm).

- sieve (mpaka 7.5 masentimita kutalika, munthu pazipita 8 cm).

-Gafu (20 cm wamtali).

2. Sohin. gulu tichipeza mbewu za kukula wapakatikati pakati kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo chabe. Apanso, pali subgroups awiri:

-Komono (kuchuluka kwa 20 cm).

-Myabi (25 cm).

3. Kefa. gulu ali ndi pansi pakati. Plantlets mu Makalata Obwera ake, akhoza kukula kwa masentimita 40.

4. Chu. Zomera mu gulu - pafupifupi zimphona, kufika mita kutalika. subgroups:

-Tyuhin (60 cm).

-Omono (100 cm).

5. Zoikizidwa ,. B Lilliput mbewu dziko ndi zimphona amatha kutambasula kwa masentimita 120 ndi apamwamba.

Gawo zooneka korona

Likukhalira, ndi momwe zikuwoneka korona, palinso Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana bonsai. Traditional monga:

-Tokkan (thunthu chilili, thickening m'munsi).

-Moogi (m'munsi ndi nsonga ya phesi perpendicular pansi, pamene yokhota kumapeto pakati).

-Sokan (mtengo ali awiri phesi, aliyense ndi korona wake, kupanga limodzi lonse).

-Syakan (popanda mbiya kukhota, koma kukula pansi pa cham'mbali).

-Kengay (mitengo amafanana chakale kulira, ie, kukula ndi mitengo ikuluikulu anapambutsa pansipa mphika, ngati unali loyenda).

- Khan Bandar Kangan (mbiya mitengo ndi kugwera pansi, koma nsonga nthawi zonse mogwirizana ndi mbale nthaka Ndi m'mithunzi nthambi palokha amafanana mbande).

-Bundzingi (mtengo wamango chilili makungwa, koma ndi mlingo wa nthambi).

-Sekidzodzyu (m'mbale pansi, pali miyala ndi mizu mtengo ngati entwine).

-Isitsuki (mu mbale kulenga zikuchokera miyala yokhota kumapeto, ndi mbande kukula mu mphako zawo).

-Hokidati (mzere mbiya zomera, ndi nthambi kupanga okongola ozungulira korona).

-Ose ue (mtengo potted limakula penapake, osati angapo 4, a msinkhu osiyana ndi zaka).

-Ikadabuki (onyenga nkhuni, ngati anagwa pansi, ena nthambi kukula m'mwamba kuchokera thunthu).

masitaelo yekha

Kuwonjezera tingachipeze powerenga, savutika, pa luso bonsai ali kwambiri kumvetsa zofuna kwambiri luso. Ali:

(Mizu Y mtengo kukula kwa mapesi wina angapo amene unadzipiringiza ndi mzake) -Netsuranari.

-Fukinagasi (a zikuchokera zovuta, imene Bonsai limakula osati obliquely, ndi kuti nthambi zake ndi masamba anakonza ngati mtengo amamuchititsa mphepo).

-Sakey (mu mbale amalenga potsanzira ngodya ya chilengedwe - nkhalango kapena migodi malo, ndi zomera bonsai kupanga kayeseleledwe zachilengedwezi zambiri).

malamulo kulima

Zovuta kwambiri kusunga bonsai kunyumba, kusamalira ozikidwa pa mwambo okhwima malamulo. Kolakwika ndi iwo amene akuganiza kuti mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono ayenera kukula mu nyumba monga mchitidwe zokongoletsa. Kwambiri zambiri bonsai zikuchokera panja, ndipo adalowa m'nyumba okha ndi isanayambike ozizira nyengo. Ngati yozizira si owopsa, bonsai akhoza anachoka pa msewu, koma mbale adzaikidwe mu beseni lalikulu m'mimba mwake, ndipo pamwamba chivundikiro wandiweyani wosanjikiza Moss kuti nthambi za mtengo.

Nkofunika kuti bonsai deciduous m'nyengo yozizira komanso mu pompo-pompo, kukhetsa masamba ndi kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe pa mpumulo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo atengemo pa malo ozizira. The chikhalidwe chachitatu bwino - ichi ndi kugwilizana enieni ndi kuyatsa ndi chinyezi. Ngati bonsai sikokwanira zachilengedwe kuwala, zina monga nyali, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuganizira kutentha iwo zimatulutsa. Kukhalabe momwe akadakwanitsira chinyezi wokhutira ndi kudzera mwa damper magetsi. Ngati palibe, mbale msomali zomera angathe kuikidwa thireyi, alimbane ndi miyala ndi theka odzazidwa ndi madzi. Losavuta, komanso njira zambiri sizithandiza ndi utsi mbewu korona.

ankafika

Pamene okonzeka kubzala zakuthupi - cuttings kapena mbewu - bonsai ndi adzaikidwe mu nyumba yake. Japanese ndi Chinese ntchito mbale uyu otsika ndi miphika maluwa, Khoma kapena mphasa, koma onetsetsani kuti ndi ochepa ngalande mabowo. Kuti sanasambitsidwe kutali nthaka, kuphimba dzenje ndi chidutswa cha matailosi. Mawonekedwe a mphika kungakhale aliyense. Dothi bonsai m'nyumba bwino kutenga mofanana wachibale msewu wake. Ena ojambula zithunzi akukonzekera nthaka payokha. Maphikidwe pa aliyense. Pano pali ambiri:

-mixture mbali wofanana dongo miyala, manyowa, zimene thanthwe fumbi kapena mchenga;

-glina, humus ndi mchenga pa magawanidwe (3: 5: 2);

-glina manyowa, zimene miyala (1: 5: 3);

-listovaya dziko, coke, mchenga, makungwa, nthaka chiphala.

Mulimonsemo, nthaka ayenera kukhala zosavuta pochitika madzi pofuna kuti stagnation. Komanso, amisiri odziwa akulangizidwa mankhwala asanadzalemo mphika ndi dothi. mbewu Stratified anaikidwa mu nthaka, yokutidwa ndi galasi, pa nyengo yonse ya kumera anakhalabe kutentha ofunda ndi chinyezi zolimbitsa. Aswa ndipo anafika 2-4 masamba mbande siteji madzi. Kukhala dongosolo muzu, ndi Sankhapo ntchito ayenera kuchitidwa kangapo. Cuttings ndi mbande obzalidwa nthaka yomweyo monga mbewu. Pakuti cuttings bwino rooting kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.

kumuika

Kukula bonsai N'zosatheka kusintha, zimene ziyenera kuchitika zonse ziwiri, pazipita zaka zitatu pamaso pa otaya kuyamwa. Opaleshoni imeneyi ikuchitika ndi milandu amaganiziridwa zowola za dongosolo mizu. Pamaso Thirani zomera kwa masiku angapo otsalafe popanda ulimi wothirira. Kuyambira mphika atachotsedwa ndi mpeni. Ndi mizu mokoma kuyeretsa nthaka, mizu ya onse mizu Muzisamala ndi lalikulu achotsedwa. Mankhwala mphika, mudzaze angapo masentimita dothi watsopano pambuyo kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale mizu kuwongoka ndodo matabwa, kufalitsa pansi yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ting'onoting'ono basi ndi madzi. Plantlets akhoza kukonza waya, kukankha mu dzenje kuda.

Bonsai (mbewu): posamalira

The zili mitengo yaing'ono si yovuta kwambiri. Iwo ayenera madzi nthawi zonse osati madzi ozizira, kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka mu mphika sakhala youma kapena pa-wetting. Pa kupuma zomera madzi kamodzikamodzi nyengo kukula nthawi zambiri. Feteleza bonsai amathera chofunika. Kupanga izo kuchokera kuchiyambi kwa nyengo kukula mlungu uliwonse, kuwonjezera sapropel kapena urea. Ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mu mawonekedwe a granules kapena njira. Feteleza munali asafe kwambiri ntchito pambuyo kukula yoweyula choyamba. Ndi isanayambike dormancy nthawi kudya ndi ndinayima. bonsai Coniferous m'nyengo yozizira si kudyetsa. Manyowa odwala ndi zomera kumene kuziika sindingakhoze.

mapangidwe bonsai

Kodi kupanga alipidwa zachilendo mtengo - zimenezi mwina funso waukulu. Technology pano ali osiyana. Mu vuto lathu wokongola bwino, ngakhale kwa oyamba mapulo bonsai. Sankhani zosiyanasiyana anakhumba, ndi onse malamulo anabzala mbewu kapena cuttings, chaka choyamba mmera kupereka kwa kwambiri. M'tsogolo, kusintha maonekedwe a mbiya, mokoma kupotoza ndi yofewa (mkuwa kapena zotayidwa) waya. Koma ndi maples si nthawi zonse kubweretsa zotsatira. Nthawi zambiri iwo kupanga kudulira. Kuletsa kukula pamwamba, ndi kuchotsa mphukira zatsopano nthawi zonse. Mu mwachilungamo lalikulu mapulo tsamba mbale. Kuchepetsa izo, kuzungulira midsummer woyera wamkulu masamba, kusiya petiole. Tree pa nthawi ino, tinasamukira ku malo shading. Kukula bonsai mapulo zobiriwira, pamene yokonza n'zotheka truncate kwambiri anatambasula mbiya (kuphimba bala ndi antiseptic), kuchotsa nthambi chigoba prischipnut mphukira. Kuti thunthu kuweramira kapena kupinda, thereto mu nyengo ya kukula yogwira akhoza kumumanga sinker kapena mokoma wopindidwa m'njira yoyenera ndi kukonza waya mkuwa ndi kuwayika iwo pansi pa nsalu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo kukwaniritsa makulidwe Napempha kwa thunthu. Mu ena zomera spliced makungwa achinyamata, akuponya iwo pafupi wina ndi mnzake ndi kulumikiza pamodzi. Pakuti mapulo, njira imeneyi si zabwino kwambiri. The makulidwe a thunthu mu nkhani iyi izi zimatheka ndi truncation.