Hazelnut (filbert): kubzala ndi chisamaliro. Hazel krasnolistnyh

Common otuwira (otuwira) - Forest wokhala chapakati Russia, kuyambira nthawi yakale monga kukoma kwambiri zipatso zake - mtedza, mtengo mkulu zakudya, ndipo analembedwa ndi Davideyo wowerengeka kukhulupirira zamatsenga katundu wa nkhuni. Izi chitsamba chilichonse chofunika ndi yofunika kwambiri othandiza ake mapiko - njuchi. maluŵa wochuluka kasupe imapereka kuchuluka kwa tizilombo zofunika chakudya - mungu kuwathandiza bwino pambuyo hibernation. Kwambiri kukongoletsa filbert, makamaka chikhalidwe wosakanizidwa - alimi hazelnut ayamba ntchito mu ulemerero wa zing'onozing'ono yotentha ndi anthu wotchuka.

Kufotokozera chikhalidwe

Umene uli deciduous chitsamba chilichonse kapena otsika, mpaka 8 mamita wamtali, mtengo, otuwira, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani, ndi kukongoletsa ndi wokongola maonekedwe. Chowulungika kapena ozungulira wandiweyani korona ndi yosalala kuwala imvi bulauni makungwa ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa kulenga chidwi. Ukufalikira hazelnut amapezeka mu kasupe oyambirira, ngakhale pamaso ukufalikira masamba. Popeza otuwira ndi zomera monoecious, ndipo chimasonyeza wokongola stamen ndolo, osakwatira kapena mitolo, ndi maluwa pistillate. Anayi bifurcated stamens anagwirizana mpaka maluwa. Spring maluwa otuwira - wokongola zimasonyeza moyo otsimikiza. The zipatso otuwira - mtedza. Iwo pubescent involucre ndipo zimayambira Kamaoneka amaphatikizidwa mu zidutswa 3-5 ndi zambiri. Hazelnut zipatso chaka, akakwera zokolola olemera ndi zolimbitsa. Kuyambira ndi 5-8 zaka fruiting khalidwe la chikhalidwe monga hazelnut (filbert). Kubzala ndi chisamaliro atsimikiziridwa mwa kubzala.

Mtedza: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Kucha hazelnut maso zimakoma, komanso zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri za mitundu yonse mtedza. Iwo asapitirire mankhwala zakudya anagulitsa nyama ndi makampani mkaka. Ali mtedza, mafuta mafuta, mchere, mavitamini, amino zidulo ndi mitima yawo wapadera kugwirizana kupereka kukoma kwambiri ndi makhalidwe mankhwala. ntchito zawo zothandiza ana ndi akulu chakudya, kumalimbikitsa Mipikisano faceted chitukuko cha achinyamata chamoyo, komanso zokulitsa moyo ndi thanzi yokonza pa Mkhalidwe msinkhu, anthu usinkhu wapakati. Mtedza kudyedwa yaiwisi kapena wokazinga, ndi anawonjezera monga filler mu kupanga chocolate, Confectionery, maswiti kum'mawa. kukoma wokhala kwambiri chiponde ndi chigawo chimodzi cha saladi otentha ndi zokhwasula-khwasula ozizira. Pomalizira kusungiramo zipatso hazelnut (zaka 3-4), imene iwo Musataye makhalidwe pamoyo - mwayi wina wa mankhwala apadera.

Likupezeka mu makungwa komanso masamba a tannins otuwira, tannins, mafuta zofunika angathandize ntchito mafutawo ndi mankhwala mafakitale.

mankhwala

Mkulu bactericidal katundu otuwira bwino ntchito pa matenda a matenda a pakhungu (neurodermatitis, chikanga ndi ena.). Young masamba a zomera zosavuta chowawa mawonetseredwe kuwonongeka chiwindi, ndi katungulume zipatso (popanda mankhusu bulauni) mu chisakanizo cha uchi patsogolo hematopoietic ntchito za thupi ndi kupweteka enaake ophwanya. Vodika infusions wa mtedza akhala bwino ntchito pa matenda a m'mapapo ndi mavuto, matenda, malungo, matenda a impso. Akuchita izi pachimake mosamala wothira dzira loyera - mankhwala wangwiro mankhwala ndi matenthedwe amayaka. Decoctions masika makungwa atsogolere malungo malungo, mtedza mafuta amathandiza kulimbana ndi mphutsi, ntchito cosmetology.

Hazel: Photo kusonyeza kukongoletsa

Ofunika ndi khalidwe ndi tchire kukongoletsa. Hazel m'madera munda ofunika malo okonza chifukwa masamba wandiweyani, amene kugwa utoto malankhulidwe wachikasu ndi wofiira. Pali kwabasi kwambiri mtundu wa otuwira ndi mthunzi chidwi masamba kapezi, kupitiriza mu nyengo. Izi otchedwa filbert krasnolistnyh. Ntchito zomera ovuta mu kumbuyo kapangidwe malo osati azikongoletsa danga likhale lapadera.

Krasnolistnyh Hazel zelenolistnyh

Kupereka fruiting pachaka, ayenera anabzala pa mitundu malo vzaimoopylyaemye. Hazel "wobadwa woyamba" ndi "Tambov oyambirira" basi mungu krasnolistnyh mitundu. Ndimapanga okwanira inflorescences wamwamuna yozizira-Hardy, iwo kupewa imfa ya zokolola. Popeza yozizira otuwira mungu zambiri kufa, koma anapulumutsa maluwa wamkazi, amene mungu Patapita chifukwa yozizira mitundu katundu-mungu. Mitundu ya hazelnuts ndi masamba obiriwira amaonedwa kwambiri yozizira-Hardy. A otuwira krasnolistnyh - osatetezeka pa nyengo yozizira. Komabe, chiwerengero cha krasnolistnyh wotchuka mitundu ake ozizira zosagwira "Mariya Makarevich" ndi "Pushkin ndi wofiira."

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza I. V. Michurin ntchito pa acclimatization wa hazelnut kum'mwera mitundu analandira chikhalidwe Hardy. Kenako, m'zaka za ntchito kuswana analenga mitundu yatsopano ya hazelnuts ndi makhalidwe kwambiri, bwinobwino kukula lero monga kum'mwera ndi M'madera a zitunda kotentha wa Russia.

Hazelnut (filbert): Kudzala ndi Care

Hazelnut wakonda madera kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kum'mawa kwa otsetsereka otsika. Ndi pankhani zimenezi chiopsezo kochepa a zilonda zamoto kapena yozizira koopsa a. Hazel theka-mthunzi, koma shading zonse akhoza kutayika kwa zokolola komanso yokongola. Kodi anasankha chifukwa chodzala kutetezedwa owala dzuwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu mbali ndi lachonde bwino chatsanulidwa nthaka popanda madzi anasefukira ndale pansi. Mbewu mtedza zosagwira anabzala zitsamba akusowa imeneyi mamita 3 kuti n'kutheka kuti mphepo kubereketsa zomera mtanda.

kubalana otuwira

Kubzala otuwira - njira yosavuta, koma pamafunika nthawi yokonzekera ngati nkhani kubzala paokha. Leshchina zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, ndi kugawa chitsamba kapena cuttings mizu, anaŵerama pansi ndi prishpilivaya, anayikidwa mu mizere, wokutidwa ndi dothi. Nsonga za nthambi mokoma kukwezedwa ndi womangidwa kwa pamtengo. Chaka chotsatira, ndi cuttings bwino mizu kuziika pa malo osankhidwa okhazikika. Kudzala nthanga za otuwira - yaitali yolemetsa ndondomeko. Choyamba, kufunika stratification, T. E. yaitali kuzirala kwa mbewu anabzala mu nthaka, simulating kwachilengedwenso yozizira. Ndipo kachiwiri, mu chulutsa izi kusintha mbali yaikulu ya chikhalidwe kholo, ndipo zosiyanasiyana si anakhalabe. Kawirikawiri mbande hazelnut buluzi mu polufunduk, amene Komabe, si otsika mu kukoma ndi makhalidwe kukongoletsa wa mawonekedwe kholo. Mwachibadwa, kulephereka kuyamba nthawi ya fruiting. Mbewu ndi mtedza kucha - otuwira. Kubzala ndi kukonza ali ophweka. Kufesa mbewu mu kugwa, anaikidwa pa masentimita 7-8, kapena m'chaka -. 5-6 masentimita Pamene chodzala mbewu za otuwira akuyamba kubala zipatso mu zaka 6-8, vegetative kubalana umathandiza chitsamba achinyamata kuyamba fruiting pa zaka 3-4.

cloning

Lakamba zambiri chifukwa chitsamba masamba matalala ili pomwepo kenaka. Mu mphukira 2-3 wazaka a mizu ofooka. Iwo ayenera kulola kukula angapo zaka. Bwino mizu cuttings ndi mizu masentimita oposa 15. Tizitha kapena mbande wamkulu otuwira zingabzalidwe mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja. Pre-mankhwala zomera kudula mizu akufa kapena wosweka ndi akusunsa iwo phala manyowa-dongo ndipo amateteza kuwonongeka. Masamba wagwa kuchokera otuwira likubweretsa siteji wonse osiyanasiyana zakudya chikhalidwe. Choncho, mu ikamatera dzenje kwa mbande ayenera zidzawonjezedwa chabe nthaka ngati - kuchokera chitsamba wamkulu hazelnuts - ndi humus. Mmera bwino kukonza bwino ndi yokutidwa ndi nthaka, tamping bwino anakhetsa. zomera muzu khomo pachibelekeropo kuuka pamwamba pa nthaka pa masentimita 3-4. Chinthu chomaliza ndi kuphimbira chodzala nthaka pa malo mmera anabzala monga hazelnut (filbert). Kubzala ndi chisamaliro panthawi imeneyi olemetsa kwa wodzala ndi.

mapangidwe chitsamba

Kupereka ndi chitsamba chilichonse yokongola sayambitsa wamaluwa mavuto. Zimakhala zilibe kudula, kuchotsa yekha nthambi wosweka ndi kukula zosafunika. Kupanga chitsamba mu makungwa a 6-8 kenako okha kuthandiza maonekedwe ake. Yotheka chitsamba chilichonse ndi zaka 70-90, koma iwo umabala zipatso mu zaka 20. Chifukwa za m'badwo uno ayenera kuyamba m'malo mitengo ikuluikulu akale kukula latsopano chaka cropping 2-3 thunthu. Simulating mtengo amusankha ndi munthu thunthu chigoba nthambi 4-6 aumbike pa msinkhu theka-mita. Onetsetsani kuti kuchotsa mphukira onse woyambira. Wangwiro Chiwembu cha Hamani munda zimatheka mtengo bwino, chimene chimafuna chikhalidwe cha otuwira yokongola (otuwira). Kubzala ndi chisamaliro, komanso mbewu hazelnuts ali ophweka mpheto Koma kubweretsa zokongoletsa wokhutira ndi zokoma za mtedza.