Mfundo yaikulu ya GDP ndi GNP

Masiku ano, ngakhale, wophunzira yosavuta sanali zachuma udzakhalabe pa kumva maunso ndalama zizindikiro macro- ndi microeconomic, - mpaka mlandu kwa misonkho. Perekani kutchuka terminology choncho n'kofunika kuti anthu sayansi ingathe kukhala zosiyanasiyana zochitika. Komabe, ochepa kusagwirizana ndi chakuti moyo wa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma, kulimbikitsa anthu kukhala ndi otaya zambiri. moyo umenewu amathandiza anthu kuti akhalebe mpikisano munthu mu khalidwe la anthu ogwira ntchito, kuonjezera kuzindikira chuma ndi cholinga wambirimbiri likulu, kuonetsetsa mlingo kofunika kulemba msonkho kupulumuka pulayimale monga amalonda, ndi amakhoma misonkho wamba, makamaka dziko lathu. Koma mawu amenewa a zachuma, GDP ndi GNP, mudzachitira zofunika kwambiri zizindikiro zazikulu za citukuko, zimene zolondola tsiku kumva aliyense wa anthu masiku ano. Iwo kudziwa mlingo wa chitukuko cha lililonse m'dziko, kutukuka kwa nzika, mbali pa dziko m'bwalomo ndale, kutha kulimbikitsa zinthu zina zokhudza zofuna zake mu gawo ndi zizindikiro zina zambiri.

Ngakhale mfundo ziwirizi pafupifupi ofunika kwa chuma cha dziko lililonse, koma ali ndi yeniyeni tanthauzo zachuma, kuti ndi zambiri pamwambapa, kufunika onse. Choncho ndi zimene GDP ndi GNP?

Gross M'banja Mankhwala (GDP) akutchedwa buku okwana mankhwala onse (mawu phindu), ndi kutulutsa mabungwe a zachuma mwa boma, mosasamala kanthu za nzika zawo.

Gross dziko mankhwala (GNP) akutchedwa buku okwana chuma opangidwa ndi mabungwe malonda a boma, kaya malo - mkati kapena kunja kwa dzikoli.

Choncho, kusiyana GDP ndi GNP ndi phindu okwana kusiyana chuma opangidwa mu dziko okhala ndi sanali anthu a boma, ndi mtengo wa katundu opangidwa kunja, koma anthu a dziko. Ie malonda valorem zikuluzikulu za kuchotsedwa mankhwala opangidwa ku Russia ndi anabwereza ndi m'ndondomeko, kaya amene mafakitale kupanga ake mbuyako adzatchedwa GDP. Zamgululi opangidwa ndi zomera Russian ndi mafakitale, kaya amene dera la dziko linafalitsidwa - ndi GNP. Komanso, ngakhale GDP ndi GNP - mfundo, kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera pamodzi mu mtsinje deta ya anthu masiku ano, iwo sali mosinthana zizindikiro. Ndipotu, ntchito mogwirizana ikuchitika ndi cholinga poyerekeza, kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa makhalidwe a. Mothandizidwa ndi muyezo anakhazikitsa ya GDP ndi zithunzi GNP, chuma amatha kupenda zochitikazo mu dziko, kudziwa zimayambitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zokhudza chuma m'dzikoli, komanso zida kudziwa amadza kusintha madalitso ake.

Komanso, GDP ndi GNP sakuphatikizapo mankhwala, amene kumawonjezera moyo wa anthu, komanso amene cholinga chake ndi kubwezeretsa chuma ankadya kapena katundu amene akukonza avale. Komabe, kukula kwa zolozerazi nthawi poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa anthu moyo. Ngakhale anasonyeza deta zimenezo mwina nthawi zambiri lidali.