Soviet African (Au) - m'mayiko intergovernmental bungwe. Cholinga, States Member

Masiku ano ndi multipolar ammudzi. Chodziwika ndi bungwe Interstate a ku Ulaya, monga European Union. Ndi fanizo dera lino la Africa anakhazikitsa Kupititsa mapangidwe awo - Union ndi African.

Tsiku la kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe

Tsiku la bungwe akadali si bwino anakhazikitsa. Dera lonse amazindikira kubadwa Union 9 July 2002. Gulu kucheza ankaona woyamba deti la May 26, 2001. N'chifukwa chiyani anthu zikusiyana?

Lamulo pa mapangidwe Soviet African anavomerezedwa mu September 1999 pa msonkhano m'modzi mwa atsogoleri a boma African ku Libya (mu Sirte). Chaka chotsatira, iwo anavomereza kuchita pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa udachitikira ku Au ku Lomé (Togo) n'kulengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ukwati. Mu May 2001, dziko makumi asanu ndi chimodzi African ali linalowa nawo m'Pangano kuchita pa okamba maphunziro. Choncho panali tsiku loyamba.

37 OAU Assembly mu July chaka chino mu Lusaka (likulu la Zambia) wavomereza ndi zikalata zofunika kufotokoza yodalirika ndi chipangizo cha gulu latsopano. Kukhazikitsa hayala ali m'malo OAU hayala, amene anali yodalirika nthawi yonse ya kusintha kwa Au kwa AOE (umene unatha chaka). July 9, 2002, kwa nthawi yoyamba udachitikira Au anatsegula, umene unachitikira ku Durban (South Africa). Pa anasankha Thabo Mbeki, Pulezidenti wa South Africa, pulezidenti woyamba wa bungwe la African. Azungu Nganizilani ichi chiyambi cha mbiri ya Soviet African.

Zimayambitsa Union

Soviet African ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri madera a mu Africa. zimayambitsa chinawonjezeka kusintha chuma ndi ndale mu dziko pambuyo mapangidwe woyamba Interstate kucheza Africa.

Pambuyo ufulu, maiko khumi African mu 1960, chotchedwa "chaka cha Africa", mitu yawo asankha ntchito limodzi pothetsa mavuto kuyambika. Back mu 1963 dziko anagwirizana khama lawo mu chimango cha bungwe la Mgwirizano African. Zolinga yoyamba ya mayanjano yapakati-boma ndi: kutetezela ufulu wa dziko ndi dera lawo kukhulupirika kwa States, chitukuko cha mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko a Union, yankho mikangano Kupititsa, mgwirizano muzochitika zones za moyo, kuganizira mgwirizano padziko lonse.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma makumi awiri, ambiri mwa zolinga chinakwaniritsidwa. Chifukwa kusintha ofunika chimango mgwirizano padziko lonse mavuto atsopano anakumana Africa. Pamaziko a OAU, anaganiza kuti akonze m'malo ndi zolinga zatsopano. Momwe zinthu zikusinthira chuma Africa amafuna kufufuza za njira zatsopano zothandiza kuthetsa mavuto.

Chachikulu kusiyana

Popangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko African apanga ndipo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu chuma NEPAD (zilembo loyamba la English dzina la New Partnership kwa Africa m Development) - «Chatsopano Partnership kwa Development a Africa". Pulogalamu ikukhudza limati chitukuko dalnesrochnoe pamaziko a kusakanikirana ndi mgwirizano wina ndi mzake ndi wofanana ndi anthu padziko lonse.

Kusintha Union pa zolinga mfundo patsogolo pa chikhazikitso zachuma, ikusonyeza mbiri, zimakhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri pa yankho la mavuto amene analipo a Africa. Amenewa amanena za Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa OAU ndi Au. mgwirizano chuma limati zakonzedwa popanda kuyesa kusintha alipo magawano ndale ndi boma.

Cholinga cha gululo

Cholinga chachikulu cha anasankha pazachuma la Africa. Chuma ndi ndale mgwirizano, pamodzi ndi kulimbitsa umodzi pa mlingo lonse umalimbana kukwaniritsa cholinga cha Kuteteza ufulu ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu mulingo woyenera moyo wa anthu a Africa.

ntchito yaikulu

Kuti zimenezi zitheke mbali yaikulu ya ntchito, kuyesa kuti vuto la Soviet African. Mu malo oyamba ndi chitukuko ndi kulimbitsa kusakanikirana African mu muzochitika komanso umoyo ndi zachuma ndale. Pakuti ake kukhazikitsa amafuna kukhazikitsa cholinga wachiwiri: kuteteza zofuna za anthu m'dzikoli ndi kulimbikitsa iwo mlingo lonse. Kuchokera awiri oyambirira ntchito zotsatirazi, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kukwaniritsa kukhazikitsa anthu yapita: posungitsa bata m'mayiko onse a mu ndi otetezedwa. Ndipo vuto lomaliza: Kukhazikitsa magulu demokalase ndi kuteteza ufulu wachibadwidwe.

States - mamembala a Union

Pakali pano, Union ndi African zikuphatikizapo makumi anayi limati. Ngati munthu alingaliririra Africa lili mayiko makumi asanu ndi zisanu limati yosadziwika ndi odzitcha okha, ndi mayiko African pafupifupi onse. Mfundo mgwirizano wa limati African musalowe Ufumu wa Morocco, kufotokoza chokana n'kosaloleka chigamulo cha Union kutenga Western Sahara. Morocco amaona m'gawo lake.

Mayiko ku Soviet African, sanali pa nthawi yomweyo. Ambiri a iwo anali anthu amene anayambitsa bungwe la Mgwirizano African mu 1963. Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa OAU, iwo onse anapita mu mgwirizano wa African. Mu 1963, tsiku la makumi awiri ndi lachisanu la May mgwirizano m'gulu: Algeria, Benin (mpaka 1975 Dahomey), Burkina Faso (mpaka 1984 Upper Volta), Burundi, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Cameroon, Congo, Côte Ivoire (mpaka 1986 kudziwika monga Ivory Coast), Madagascar, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Libya, Morocco (seceded ku Union mu 1984), Niger, Rwanda, Malawi, Uganda, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Nigeria, Tunisia, Republic Central African, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia. Mu December, ndi khumi ndi chitatu wa chaka chomwecho OAU anadza kwa Kenya.

Kukula kukula kwa Africa kwa Union

Mu 1964, a OAU anakhala Tanzania - January 16, Malawi - July 13, Zambia - 16 December. Gambia anagwirizana October 1965, Botswana - October 31, 1966. 1968 chibatizidwireni mayiko gulu atatu ena: Mauritius, Swaziland - 24 September 1968, Equatorial Guinea - 12 October. Botswana, Lesotho, Guinea-Bissau anagwirizana mgwirizano 19 October 1973. Ndipo mu 1975 analowa Angola - February 11, Mozambique, Sao Tome ndi Príncipe, Cape Verde, Comoros pa 18 July. June 29, 1976 Union wodzilemekeza ndi Seychelles. Djibouti limodzi ndi ena States June 27, 1977, Zimbabwe (dziko losauka Anthu monga patchedwa) - mu 1980, Western Sahara - February 22, 1982. nineties kachiwiri zachititsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mamembala a bungwe la Mgwirizano African: Namibia anagwirizana mu 1990, May 24, 1993 membala wa Eritrea, June 6, 1994 - South Africa. Matsirizidwe walandira membala wa AU July 28, 2011, wakhala Sudan South.

The zosiyanasiyana maiko nawo

okamba linali dziko mu zovuta zake chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko. Ife zimaonetsa ena a iwo.

Dziko Nigeria si wolephera ena Africa malo oyamba mu mawu alionse. Komabe, si mu malo cinai pa malo a m'gawo lake. Kuyambira 2014 boma wakhala sewerolo kutsogolera mafuta mu Africa.

Guinea-Bissau - mmodzi wa mayiko osauka mu dziko, tithe mwa pamwamba asanu. Olemera mafuta miyala ya bauxite ndi phosphates si chozama. Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu - kulima nsomba ndi mpunga.

Dziko osaukitsitsa nkhawa Senegal. Kukula kwa miyala ya golide, mafuta, zitsulo ndi mkuwa ikuchitika bwino. State kupulumuka pa ndalama zothandiza anthu chithandizo kuchokera kunja.

Cameroon - Dziko kusiyana. Pa dzanja limodzi, ichi ndi boma ndi nkhokwe kwambiri mafuta, tithe khumi ndi limodzi la mayiko mafuta akutulutsa Africa. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti aitane dziko kudzidalira boma. Komano, theka la anthu ake ali osauka.

mfundo zofunika

Kufunika kwa nkhondo pakati pa maiko awiri kwachititsa kuti pakhale mfundo zikuluzikulu za Au. mabungwe Transnational ndi elites m'dera ndi chidwi kupeza ufulu umwini ndi khalidwe la miyala ya mchere zosiyanasiyana m'dera m'dzikoli. Pofuna kupewa zotheka nkhondo ambiri amavomereza kuzindikira malire boma la mamembala mgwirizano kuti iwo anapereka kwa nthaŵi cha Kupambana kwawo ufulu wodzilamulira.

Union anatenga olondola kuti alowererepo pa nkhani zokhudza States mamembala a bungwe, ngati zochita wapangidwa ndi-magawo awiri a mamembala onse a Assembly of atsogoleri a boma ndi. ganizo limeneli ndipo analamula wotsatira wa asilikali Au zotheka pa nkhani fuko ndi mitundu makamaka, analakwira anthu ndi nkhondo milandu.

Miyambo ndi luso

Mfundo zatsopano ndi atsogoleri a boma, amene anabwera mwa mphamvu ya mwachiphamaso ntchito wokamba sikuloledwa. Pakuti kukhumudwitsa mayiko anapereka osiyanasiyana ziletso kuyambira kuyimitsidwa wa kukavota mu Assembly mpaka kutha kwa mgwirizano zachuma. Njira umalimbana kukula udindo wa atsogoleri a boma.

M'bwalolo mayiko Au kutsatira mfundo za mgwirizano ndi Non-limagwirizana analengeza mu hayala wa United Nations.

akuluakulu kapangidwe

Msonkhano wa atsogoleri a boma ndi pa mutu wa akuluakulu wamkulu wa bungwe la African ndipo chidzapatsidwa msonkhano kamodzi pa chaka. Nthambi Yolamula ukulamulira Commission Au. Pakuti chisankho wa wapampando wa bungwe la Au ndi Au tcheyamani chisankho umachitika kamodzi pa chaka. The OAU zachitika ngati mwambo: mpando wa bungwe la African amatenga mutu wa State kumene udachitikira unachitikira. Kapangidwe ka boma kumaphatikizapo kusankha Pan African yamalamulo (VAP).

milandu walunjika ndi Soviet Court, umene Kusinthaku kunali dziko la Nigeria. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la zonse Union analenga Bank Central African, Fund Monetary African, ndi Investment Bank African. Monga chofunika, Msonkhano ali ndi ufulu bungwe apadera makomiti luso kuthana ndi nkhani mwamsanga. Choncho kuuka Union pa chuma, ndondomeko chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Mu 2010, asilikali inakhazikitsidwa, poyamba m'malo mwa magulu dera ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

The Commission Union African ali mamembala asanu ndi atatu. Akazi chifukwa cha ambiri a iwo (zisanu eyiti). Malangizo pa GSA akuonetsa kuti mukalowa akazi awiri mwa maguluwo asanu kuvomerezedwa ndi aliyense membala wamphumphu.

Utsogoleri Center ndi Administration Union African ali Ethiopia mu mzinda wa Addis Ababa.

Ziyembekezo chitukuko cha Soviet African

zaka za amamuchititsa kupewa zinthu zosayembekezereka, powasamalira zambiri mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha nyumba supranational. Masiku ano, padziko lonse mabungwe intergovernmental Nkutembenukira kwa likulu la khama kuti akonze mavuto padziko lonse lero. Kusakanikirana kwa Africa, omwe kwakukulukulu a gulu la osauka, lakonzedwa kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa kuthetsa mavuto a mbadwo wa boma mendicant.

AS m'malo awiri alipo pamaso pake mayiko mabungwe intergovernmental: OAU ndi NPP (African Economic Community). ntchito za zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, cholinga kwa zaka makumi atatu mphambu zinayi (kuyambira 1976) sanathe kulimbana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kudalirana. malo lolondola ndi okamba cholinga.