Mesoderm - ndi kalambulabwalo ziwalo zambiri ndipo zimakhala

Ontogeny chilichonse chamoyo yodziwika ndi mapangidwe zigawo nyongolosi. Amenewa wosazindikira mitundu ya nyama monga coelenterates siponji phata tichipeza zigawo ziwiri zokha: ndi endoderm ndi ectoderm. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mitundu zambiri pang'onopang'ono kwa zamoyo, pali gawo lachitatu la pepala - ndi mesoderm.

Kodi mesoderm?

Ontogeny ndi yotsatana chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo, amene anatsagana ndi kusintha mu kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi thunthu la tsogolo wamng'ono chamoyo. Mesoderm - ndi embryonic tsamba, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe ziwalo zambiri ndipo zimakhala. Amenewa wosazindikira nyama multicellular ngati hydra ndi, modabwitsa, miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena siponji si kanthu wotchedwa bilayer nyama, T. Kwa. Mu ndondomeko ya ontogenesis apangidwa zigawo nyongolosi awiri okha.

mesoderm mapangidwe

The ndondomeko za kugona pakati nyongolosi wosanjikiza mu magulu osiyana taxonomic ndi osiyana. Pali atatu bwino kwambiri kudziwika njira imene anapanga mesoderm: ndi teloblastichesky, ndi ectodermal enterocoel.

1. Teloblastichesky mesoderm chitukuko njira lililonse kwa protostomes ambiri nyama, ndipo potengera mapangidwe blastomeres lapansi. Ena mwa iwo amakhazikika mu kusanjika pakati nyongolosi wosanjikiza, kenako amatenga mawonekedwe a ziwiri kotenga n'kupanga yomweyi. matepi awa ndi kungadzutse mesoderm lapansi.
2. enterocoel njira ndi mwapadera kuti maselo kalambulabwalo wa mesoderm ndi kupanga intussusception (invagination) ndi endoderm. invagination Izi imagwiritsidwa intestine yaikulu m'tsogolo. The malire pakati pa mapepala awiri yaitali amakhalabe indiscernible ndipo patapita nthawi yaitali imeneyi mesoderm monga wosanjikiza osiyana detaches ku endoderm lapansi. Njira ya chitukuko ndi khalidwe la nyama monga lancelet kapena starfish.

3. Njira ya mesodermal ectodermal ndi mitundu ya nyama monga nyama zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama (kuphatikizapo mwamuna). Mfundo yofunika ndi okhawo endoderm aumbike pambuyo invagination lapansi. Ngati ife kulingalira chithunzi cha mwana wosabadwayo pa nkhani ya, pambuyo gastrulation (mapangidwe invaginations a) danga ufulu adzaoneka pakati ento- ndi ectoderm. Pali ndipo "Mphukira" ya ectodermal chiyambi cha maselo kungadzutse wosanjikiza watsopano wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi.

The kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa mesoderm ndi

A udindo waukulu mu mapangidwe a masewero Ndisanaumbidwe mesoderm. Izi ndi zabwino chisinthiko zamoyo chizindikiro, chifukwa kusiyana mu kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa pakati wosanjikiza nyongolosi mu osiyana magulu a nyama ntchito systematics.

Ngati tikulingalira awiri magulu kotenga, amene anapanga ndi teloblasticheskom mode chitukuko, ndi mesoderm Adzaperekedwa zigawo metamerically mobwerezabwereza. mbali dorsal a lililonse lamba amenewa lagawidwa somites, mbali - pa nephrotomy ndi m'mimba - pa splanchnotome.

Kodi ndi mesoderm? ziwalo anapangidwa kuchokera mesoderm ndi

Aliyense wosanjikiza nucleation ndi mtundu wa kalambulabwalo wa kachitidwe limba ndi zimakhala tsogolo lake. Mtunda n'kupanga mapepala kwakukulukulu Mzimuyo adzawonongedwa. Popeza mesoderm ndi -. Kodi pafupifupi wosanjikiza mbewu, izo kumatanthauza mapangidwe zimakhala ndi ziwalo, zomwe zili pakati pa chimakwirira wa munthu ndi chamkati zigawo za thupi. Kodi nyumba gwero mesodermal?

1. connective minofu mapangidwe chimodzi chabe maselo mesoderm. nsalu Izi ndi malire pakati pa zigawo lakunja ndi mumtima pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse cha nyama.
2. dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa chomwe mafupa ndi minofu dongosolo komanso amachokera mesodermal. Pano tili mu malingaliro osati minofu chigoba komanso minofu khoma Mitsempha mtima ndi ziwalo zina za m'kati ndi nyumba. Mafupa ankaimira anthu makamaka ndi minofu fupa, ndi wamng'ono - a chichereŵechereŵe minofu. Pankhani chordates, pa siteji embryonic, ndilo mapangidwe poyambira, munthu sayenera kusokoneza magwero a dongosolo ofananira msana. Ngati yamasika woona chiyambi mesodermal, ndi poyambira - ndi kuwonongedwa kwa intestine, chimene chikutanthauza kuti chiyambi chake ndi wachibale endoderm lapansi.
3. kachitidwe kugonana ndi excretory komanso anapangidwa kuchokera mesoderm. Iwo ali mu chordates ambiri okhudzana ndi mzake, choncho, anapanga yomweyi wosanjikiza nyongolosi.
4. chiyambi Mesodermal ali ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Monga zotengera mtima ndi magazi popangidwa ndi maselo pakati wosanjikiza nyongolosi.

Pomaliza

Mesoderm - ndi dongosolo zovuta pa kapangidwe ka Ndisanaumbidwe kuti m'kupita zinagwira ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndipo zimakhala. Osiyana taxonomic magulu a nyama, mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha tsamba pakati ndi osiyana, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa makhalidwe chisinthiko. Pamaso pa mfundo mesoderm atatu wosanjikiza nyama ndi chizindikiro amphamvu a magulu patsogolo.