Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae: kufotokoza, mbiri

Pamene akukonzekera ulendo wopita ku Greece, onetsetsani kuti sankhani masiku ochepa ulendo Mycenae. mzinda wakale umenewu si popanda chifukwa otchedwa chopunthira cha Greece. Iye bwinobwino lodzala ndi mzimu wa ngwazi akale zimachita zinthu zogometsa m'dzina la milungu ya Olympus, ndi sikunachitekepo mwanaalirenji, yomwe ingakhale nsanje maufumu onse a dziko.

Nthano za maonekedwe a Mycenae

Mycenae Kubadwa amapita kutali mu mbiri. Ofukula amakhulupirira kuti mzinda unakhazikitsidwa mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi m'ma BC. Ili mu kumadzulo kwa Peloponnese anakhala mzinda otchuka wa Girisi ndi maziko kwa nyengo lonse lotchedwa "Mycenaean nyengo."

Nthano Greek unanena kuti mzinda anakhazikitsidwa ngwazi kwambiri Perseus, mwana wa Zeu, kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la zimphona ndi Cyclopes. Ndithudi, mzinda, nyumba ndi mpanda wolimba mipanda anamanga midadada yaikulu mwala, mwangwiro zokuzira pamodzi popanda matope. Ena boulders kulemera za zana matani, ndi makoma okha amaukitsidwa ndi kutalika mamita atatu. Chotero njira yomanga mpanda amatchedwa "cyclopean zomangamanga". Ambiri mwa nyumba mu Mykonos anamanga mu njira imeneyi. N'zokayikitsa kuti midadada izi anagwidwa pa ntchito yomanga.

Anayambitsa Mycenae

Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti anayambitsa mzinda tinganene kuti Achaean wakale amene chachikulu ntchito anali Maulendo asilikali m'maboma pafupi. Homer mu ndakatulo yake yotchuka yonena za Mycenae ndi oyambitsa lake lokonda nkhondo. Pamalo abwino Mycenae anali conveniently kwambiri inali - mzinda, atazunguliridwa ndi makoma bwino-mipanda yolimba kwambiri, lili pamwamba pa. Kuwawonjezera padziko kumveka kumana adani amaona mwayi pafupi ndi mzinda. Pang'onopang'ono crepe ndipo unafalikira.

History of Mykonos: kuwuka

Mycenaeans mosamala kulondera pafupi ndi mzinda wawo, ndi chakhumi ndi chitatu m'ma BC, iwo anayala pa chilumba lonse. Nzika zimayesetsa malonda ndi kukhala mzinda wawo. chikhalidwe Mycenaean ali m'malo Minoan chitukuko anali inawonongedwa pambuyo kuphulika kwa phiri la Santorini. Mycenaeans anakakhala ku chilumba cha Kerete, akatswiriwa anapeza umboni wa chikhalidwe chawo m'mabwinja a nyumba yachifumu Minosskogo. mazana angapo a gulu la Mycenae chikangoperekedwa ndi chizindikiro chachikulu mbiri yonse ya ku Girisi.

Malingana ndi nthano, Agamemnon, mfumu ya Mycenae ndi mzinda uno anapita ku msonkhano wokopa yaitali ndi Troy. Kugwa kwa Troy anali mphatso kwa mfumu yaikulu ya milungu kukwaniritsidwa kwa lonjezo nsembe mwana wake Iphigenia. A masiku angapo atabwerera kwa mfumu lowoneka la Mycenae, anaphedwa ndi mkazi wake Klitemestry, athedwa pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi. Kufikira tsopano, Greece dzina lake limatanthauza "muzheubiytsa".

Pachimake pa Mycenaeans anamanga midzi ambiri ndi kukongoletsa mzinda wanu ndi nyumba otchuka, monga mwa nyumba yachifumu, mwachitsanzo. Kusiyana pakati pa nzika olemera ndi osauka wakhala yofunika kwambiri. Mycenaeans kwambiri anagawa anthu mu makalasi, kupereka mwayi wa amalonda ndi akazembe.

Kugwa kwa Mycenae

mazana angapo a mphamvu Mycenaean chitukuko unatha nkhondo ya Peloponnese mu chikwi ndi mazana awiri BC ndi mafuko pankhondo ya Dorians. Anawononga kwambiri m'matauni akuluakulu a pachilumbachi, kuphatikizapo Mycenae. Opanikizika awo adagwa ndi Troy, amene analibe nthawi yokwanira kuti achire pambuyo chigonjetso wopambana wa Agamemnon. Anthu a Mycenae ayesera kutsitsimutsa mzinda, koma kenako anasiya Peleponnesa ku Asia ndi kuzilumba za. Kwa zaka zambiri Mycenae aiwala.

Inayambira Mycenae: ndi zofukulidwa Genriha Shlimana

kubadwa kwake latsopano Mycenae ngongole wotchuka Heinrich Schliemann. Lekeza katswiriyo, kufufuza chidwi wa lodziwika bwino Troy, mosayembekezeka amapunthwa pa limodzi la manda pafupi ndi Mycenae, amene kakasi katswiriyo chuma ndi kale lonse. Zokongoletsa, mbali ya asilikali zida, ziboliboli ndi artefacts - izo unali wagolidi. Ku manda angapo Schliemann ngwokhoza kuukitsa makilogalamu oposa makumi atatu mankhwala wapatali zitsulo. Zopindulitsa ndi ofukula anapeza golide imfa chigoba. Poyamba, asayansi zimachitika kuti nthawi ya lodziwika bwino mfumu Agamemnon, koma pambuyo kuphunzira yaitali analembedwa atumwi ake chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi BC. Chuma mumzindamo, anali kwambiri waukulu pofukula anapezazo za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa. Mycenae nacho chirichonse chimene wapereka dziko la Greece. Zosangalatsa za mzinda wamkuluyu ndi chinsisi cha zonyezimira alendo mphamvu makoma yachifumu, wapadera mtundu wake manda achifumu ndi woipitsitsawu apamwamba a zinthu zakale anapeza.

zokopa Mycenae

Zafukulidwa pa Mycenae inapitirira kwa zaka zambiri, kutsegula chuma latsopano la mzinda lodabwitsa. Aliyense anapeza anasonyeza kuti Peloponnese Mycenae ndi mphamvu chotero, chomwe kale Ancient Greece. Zokopa Mycenae lero kuimira zovuta yaikulu ndi bwinja la nyumba ya mfumu, malo kuikidwa ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Kulowelera kudzera zipilala zinthu zakale zimene zinapezedwa kungakhale kwa maola. A malo apadera mwa amapeza zinthu zakale zimene zinapezedwa zatenga Mkango Chipata ndipo manda kutsinde pa Mycenae. anachokera, asayansi akhala akuchita kugwirizana pa tsiku. Ulendowu kwa Mycenae, mukhoza kugula zoyenera Athens. maola awiri anakhala m'njira, ndalama zochepa kwambiri stunner, amene adzaoneka pamaso pa alendo a.

Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae: kufotokoza

Kulowa bwino zokhalamo mzinda linga, kunali koyenera pochitika Mkango pachipata. Eni wapangidwa midadada anayi monolithic, omwe akulemera pafupi makumi awiri matani. Ofukula amakhulupirira kuti midadada izi chosema m'thanthwe amygdala. Midadada mosamala kukonzedwa ndi kusintha kwa wina ndi mnzake. Patapita zaka zambiri akuphunzira, akatswiriwa anapeza kuti clumps zipangizo processing ngati anaona zozungulira. Serrated miyala kuoneka bwino bwino kutali. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa masamu koyamba kuti adzapereka masikolala ndi mbiri yakale Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae. Nyumba mtundu chipata chiri zofanana ndi boma la Russia khoma - monolithic zomangamanga. Ndi kopanda, akatswiri thandizo la mikango unakhazikitsidwa pa chipata Patapita kwambiri yomanga mpanda linga. tsiku ake m'munsi anatchula za chakhumi ndi chitatu m'ma BC. Lions ndi sizachilendo heraldic chizindikiro cha Europe. Ambiri mafumu onyada chifaniziro chawo pa malaya ake a zida zankhondo.

The chosemacho anapangidwa kuchokera midadada atatu ndi amaonetsera nyama ziwiri wamphamvu, ataima pa miyendo yake yakumbuyo, adatsamira pa ndime. Boulders chosema kuchokera anajambulapo thanthwe lolimba. Mwatsoka, nyama mutu sanasunge, koma ofukula kuti iwo anaponyedwa mu golide natembenukira pa anthu lilinkudza. Malinga ndi ena mfundo, mikango anali chizindikiro mmodzi wa achepetse ulamuliro wa Mycenae. Mu Baibulo ina yaikulu imeneyi chosemacho odzipereka kwa patroness wa ufumu wonse nyama - wamkazi thukuta. Akatswiri ambiri kuona kufanana ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola drevnekeltskimi chosemacho. Pa chikhalidwe chawo, ndi Lions anali pamalo padela kwambiri, koma asayansi osati asanaganize tanthauzo la fano otchuka lero.

Nthano za chiyambi cha Mkango a Chipata

Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae - dongosolo lapadera, kumene sanamange bwino nthawi yonse ya chikhalidwe Mycenaean. Unsembe wa zomangamanga ndi lomwe linapangidwa mwaluso chosemacho mizati mu Cretan kalembedwe zapangitsa asayansi kukumbukira ambiri yakale ya Agiriki nthano.

Nthano kunena kuti Agriki anali mbadwa za milungu amphamvu a Atlantis, amene anadza ku dziko la Greece kuchokera kuchigawo ake otaika. Inde, ambiri mwala nyumba zimene ofukula amanena kuti nthawi Cretan-Minoan chitukuko m'malo mwake Mycenaean kusiya mafunso ambiri. Kodi akanatha kusindikiza ndi kum'pereka kwa malo yomanga boulders yaikulu? N'chifukwa chiyani ena mwa iwo ndi kuda zida processing, ofanana ano? Chifukwa anatsalira chipata zogwirizana ndi zithunzi za zikhalidwe zina? Palibe mmodzi wa mafunso mayankho sanapezeke.

Mwambi wa mkango Chipata

Ngati timaona kuti Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae zinamangidwa monga kapangidwe kumbuyo, ndiye asayansi pali chinsinsi china malo ichi - chuma zonse zimapezeka nthawi yanu Schliemann, manda a inali pafupifupi pansi m'munsi mwa chipata. Mu malo omwewo katswiriyo wotchuka anatha kupeza manda a Agamemnon, wodzazidwa ndi Mlomo ndi golide ndi siliva zakale. Ngakhale pamaso kapena nthawi ina ya Agiriki sanali manda.

Ofukula amakhulupirira kuti khomo la citadel mwa mkango Chipata sanali kupezeka kwa aliyense. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi njira ya ku chipata - motsatira izo ndi wotchuka kutsinde m'manda, omwe anakhala wopatulika kwa Mycenaeans. Mlendo sanathe anavomereza kuti malo olambilila. Kunapezeka kuti imasonyeza kufunika wapadera wa mkango Chipata monga malo olambirira heyday chikhalidwe Mycenaean.

N'chifukwa chiyani Mycenaeans manda chiyani? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani anakonza chuma chawo pakhomo la mzinda? Wamakhalidwe kungoganizira dziko la sayansi sanabadwe ataliika patsogolo. Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae mosamala kulondera zinsinsi za Mlengi wawo

mwa nyumba yachifumu

Alendo amene kugula ulendo wotsogoleredwa ndi Mycenae, mukhoza kuona zipilala zina za mbiri yakale wa mzinda wolemera. Kungoyambira Mkango a Chipata msewu zinachititsa kuti nyumba yachifumu. Mabwinja a dongosolo lino ngakhale tsopano ndikondwera alendo. Pakati pa nyumbayi ali yaikulu amakona anayi holo ndi moto wa - megaron. The moto mosamala wokonzedwa okongoletsedwa ndi ziwembu kukongoletsa, anali mizati chachikulu atagwira thupi la m'makona anayi a moto. Makoma a holo mwamwambo chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula mu kalembedwe Cretan. Homer otchedwa "wowala" holo mu ndakatulo wake. Tikumbukenso kuti Minoans anali akatswiri kwambiri ndi mapulani. Kapangidwe onse inamangidwa pa magawo osiyanasiyana chokhudzana ndi chingwe cha makonde ndi zipinda. Pansi m'bwalo inali dongosolo mauthenga komanso madzi a mumzindawo. nyumba ambiri mwa Mycenae anamangidwa ku apansi awiri kapena atatu omwe amanena osati za solvency ndalama wene, komanso za luso la omanga.

M'bwalo amati linaikidwa m'kachisi wakale. Akatswiriwa anapeza yaimuna ndi yaikazi ziboliboli mwana angapo. Amene ankapembedza Mycenaeans, asayansi sakudziwa kali konse. Komanso sanadziwe kapena kuzindikira ndi azambiriyakale mipingu awo maliro.

kutsinde manda

Kutsinde m'manda osachepera malo wapadera kuposa Mkango Chipata pa Mycenae. Awiri bwalo maliro anatembenukira kwa nthawi ina m'malo opatulika, anali malo kupumula wa Mycenaeans mfulu. Asayansi kufotokoza chifukwa nzika m'manda okondedwa awo atakhala yopapatiza manda shahtoobraznyh. zodabwitsazi ziribe kanthu kochita ndi onse miyambo kale kudziwika kwa Agiriki. Aliyense manda anadzazidwa ndi zokongoletsa ndi katundu wa m'nyumba. Tikumbukenso kuti onse zinthu anali opangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zina inadza bronzes. Pambuyo Schliemann wapeza kutsinde manda a Mycenae anatchedwa "zlatoobilnymi".

Yaikulu Mkango Chipata zokongoletsera mwanaalirenji golide ndi ziwiya, nthano, nthano ndi zinsinsi - zonsezi anapereka dziko "zlatoobilnye" Mycenae. Greece amatha enchant alendo alionse amene akufuna kamodzinso amugwire iye anamulasa ndi zikwi za zaka za mbiri.