Buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. The chidwi kwambiri m'buku mu dziko. Buku yopambana

Kodi mukuganiza kuti anthu popanda bukhu, ngakhale anakhala opanda ambiri linakhalapo? Mwina, ngati n'zosatheka kulingalira mbiri ya zinthu zonse popanda kudziwa chinsinsi kusungidwa mu kulemba. Ndipo amanena kuti ano, buku ataya kufunika kwake ndipo posachedwapa kupita anaiwalika, mwina yekha wolungama. Iwe sungakhoze kutsutsana ndi chakuti mfundo linayamba mtundu digito, ndi mabuku imakhudzidwa pang'onopang'ono dziko pafupifupi monga pa galasi. Koma moyo, zinalembedwa ndi lofalitsidwa, kuwagula ndi kuwagulitsa, ndipo ngakhale kukhala nkhani ya mavoti zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati buku zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri mu dziko.

Best buku pa aliyense

Izo zikumveka zachilendo: "Kodi buku bwino mu dziko?" funso, osachepera potsindika, chifukwa ine kupereka ziyenera ngati zitha zochokera maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe a mamiliyoni a anthu. Pakuti aliyense kuzilingalira mwangwiro wake. Komanso, nthawi iliyonse akatswiri awo ndi mabuku awo. Choncho ndi bwino kuti tiyandikire nkhani kuchokera muyezo yosiyaniranapo - kuyeza khalidwe la zolengedwa za sakhutira ndi owerenga chikondi kwa iye, ndipo pafupipafupi reprints ndipo makope ambiri.

Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, sakuyenera mutu wa "buku bwino mu dziko" malemba wosatha - Baibulo, Koran? Amadziwika kuti Mwachitsanzo, makope Baibulo pa zaka linakhalapo anali zankhaninkhani, 6. Zikuonekeratu kuti ndi okhawo pafupifupi chithunzi, zonse zinayambira ndi mndandanda pamanja.

900 biliyoni - ichi kope zilembedwe Great mmodzi wowongolera - Mao Tse Tung. Inde, dziko pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu amene anaika buku pa mutu wa mlingo "The kwambiri ambiri-kwambiri buku dziko."

A ntchito chi wa zolembedwa zonse za kutchuka anagunda wowopsa "Ambuye wa mphete" J. R. R. Tolkien. Apa makope oposa 100 biliyoni.

Pali zambiri mavoti zosiyanasiyana amafuna kudziwa zimene zili m'buku yopambana - pamwamba 10, pamwamba 100 ... Ndipo pakati kufotokozera yaikulu nthawi zonse amasangalala kuona kuti anthu kuwerenga akadali amaona zolengedwa wosatha atsogoleri - "The Master ndi Margarita "ndi Mikhail Bulgakov," zaka zana limodzi la panokha "ndi G. G. Markesa," n'kulemba Monte Cristo "ndi Alexandre Dumas.

Pa zotengera malingaliridwe kwambiri

Amene angaganize kufunsa zimene buku chidwi kwambiri mu dziko? Ndipo apa pakubwera chomwecho, ndi kafukufuku pa nkhaniyi nthawi zonse kuwerenga ndi chidwi chachikulu, chifukwa palibenso zotengera malingaliridwe maganizo kuposa kukoma. Sipangakhale anthu awiri amene akhoza kuyankha molondola funso limeneli njira yomweyo. Kotero, m'modzi wa Kafukufuku ambiri, mutu wa mabuku chidwi kwambiri anapambana atsopano zabwino Kugulitsa wolemba British EL Yakobo, trilogy "makumi asanu mithunzi ya Gray", "Pa mithunzi makumi asanu mdima" ndi "makumi asanu mithunzi ya ufulu." Komabe, makope 15 miliyoni anagulitsidwa m'chaka cha buku la gawo loyamba, mu 2012, miyezi itatu! Nthawiyi, connoisseurs woona mabuku, buku si chidwi Ndipotu iye anali kutchulidwa zolaula wotchipa. Iyi ndi njira ya kukoma.

Choncho, mabuku chidwi kwambiri mu dziko. ngati owerenga adzalola wolemba kupereka awo (mwangwiro zotengera malingaliridwe) mlingo?

Monga mwana, chidwi kwambiri anali nthano ndi nkhani za nyama. Ndiye iye anakhala buku ankakonda "Robinson Crusoe" Danielya Defo. Kenako - "n'kulemba Monte Cristo" Dumas ndi "Notre Dame de A Paris" Viktora Gyugo. Ndipo, "The luso Hidalgo Don Quixote de A La Mancha ku Spain" - ngati izo sizinali kukonda? Ndani ankadziwa ndiye kuti bukuli Baibulo limangopereka kukula kwa yachinyengo?

Kusekondale, anasangalala kwambiri mphunzitsi wa mabuku, kukhazikitsa chikondi mwatsatanetsatane za mabuku Dostoevsky - ". Chilango" "Abale Karamazov"

zaka Student apereka mayina atsopano ndi kutulukira zinthu zatsopano. Uilyam Folkner, "The Sound ndi ukali" - zinali zodabwitsa kwa dziko. Kenako anatsegula mabuku m'ma (iwotu anali.) - "zana limodzi Zaka Panokha" Gabrielya Garsia Marquez ndi Bulgakov a "Master ndi Margarita" Mwatsopano anawerenga mobwerezabwereza "The Matama Don" Mihaila Sholohova. Ndipo ndithu mwadzidzidzi anagwira ntchito nzeru zaumunthu Fridriha Nitsshe, ndipo ambiri anagwa mu malo. Buku "Choncho adayankhula Zarathustra" - ndipo lero buku pakuyenerera.

mabuku amakono akupitiriza kudabwa osachepera. Mabuku ankakonda - lililonse kalata ndi Fazil Iskander (amene simunawerenge, iye akhoza amadziona mosatsata), ntchito zonse Haruki (osati Ryu) Murakami. Ndipo mu sitima kapena ndege - kuwala nditaona kuwerenga Dari Dontsovoy. mabuku amenewa zikufunikanso, monga "Diary wa optimist wamisala."

Mndandanda zambiri. Munthu aliyense amene awerenga zambiri. Ndipo unreadable ndipo iye sanayambitse.

nkhani Sale

Kufalitsa kusakhulupirika amati kutchuka, chotero, chilengedwe ndi marketability. Komabe, m'pofunika kuwafunsa kuti: kodi ndi bwino-likugulidwabe mu dziko? Chopatulika mpikisano - iwo sakudziwa nkomwe amafunika mavoti. Lero tikudziwa kuti Baibulo kuposa mabuku onse padziko lapansi: makope tsiku - 32876. chinthu china chimene lembo sitigulitsa - ndi chiphunzitso ayenera anagawira kwaulere kwa okhulupirira onse.

Ndipo kodi mabuku a dzikoli? Eti, mu Guinness Book of Records malo oyamba marketability atenge ... Guinness Book of Records! Zakhala m'zinenero 52 za dziko, ndi malonda ake akhala kuposa chizindikiro makope mamiliyoni 450.

Kenako, ngakhale ndi kusiyana lalikulu, buku la zapamwamba Chingerezi - buku mbiri ya Charles Dickens 'A nthano Awiri Cities ". Popeza kufalitsidwa pakati pa XIX atumwi, anagulitsa ndi manambalawo pafupifupi magazini osachepera 200 miliyoni. Dickens - palibe wazambiriyakale, ndi kokha ntchito yake ya mbiri yakale pa French kuukira boma, analenga furore m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Osati Soviet Union. mfundo ndi yakuti zimathandizadi kwambiri chifaniziro cha ndondomeko chosintha sanali kutsatira mfundo chikominisi, ndipo bukuli chabe oletsedwa njira owerenga ambiri.

Komanso mlingo merchantability yabwino-kugulitsa zikuwoneka ngati izi:

• JRR Tolkien, "Ambuye wa mphete."
• Cao Xueqin, "Dream wa Red Komiti".
• Agata Kristi a "Khumi Little Indians".

Mndandanda wa bestsellers ndi katswiri monga "Kalonga Little" Antuana De Saint-Exupery "The Da Vinci Code" Dena Brauna.

Wotchuka buku - nanga?

Buku kutchuka si nthawi zonse anayeza ndi malonda. M'malo mwake, ndicho chizindikiro cha chinthu china: ngati mankhwala wopyoza m'ma, linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri ndi kukhala othandizanso pamene magazini choyamba - kuti amadziwika.

Ndipo kachiwiri mtsogoleri yamphamvu a mabuku opatulika - Baibulo, ndi Korani, ndi Torah. Awa kwambiri anafika, kuligwira mawu, mabuku wotchuka kwambiri. Mwachidule, aliyense wa iwo - kwambiri ambiri-kwambiri mu dziko buku. Komabe, safuna zomveka kunena kuti popanda mpikisano.

kuyesa yolimbikitsa kupeza zimene buku otchuka mu dziko. Koma ngati yankho yotsimikizika sangakhale ndi tanthawuzo, anaganiza kupanga mlingo wa zana wotchuka kwambiri. Ambiri kudabwa ndi mfundo kuti walunjika "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Lva Tolstogo - ntchito kwambiri paradigmatic mabuku Russian. Mu malo lachiwiri - buku "1984" ndi George Orwell. Lachitatu - "Ulysses" ndi James Joyce. Pamakhala "Lolita" Vladimira Nabokova ndi "The Sound ndi ukali" ndi William Faulkner. Atseka mazana a mabuku a Winston Churchill a "World nkhondo II".

Kukula kanthu kwa buku-mbiri chofukizira

The British Library National pa chionetsero pachionetsero ndi buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, analowa mu Guinness Book of Records. Kukula kwa buku laling'ono ili la masentimita 180. Ndipotu, si ngakhale buku koma gulu mapu kusindikizidwa khoma kuchuluka kwa ndalama 37 ndi kukula kwa 1,9x1,75 m. Buku linakonzedwa mu 1660 Mfumu Charles II.

Kodi izi buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse? Pezani izi amaoneka osati khadi. Iwo - thupi zambiri zokhudza nzeru za dziko zinalili pa nthawi imeneyo. Kumene, kumvetsa mmene zinthu drafters makadi zedi. Choncho Mulimonsemo, buku yapadera ndi kulowa Guinness buku, ngati si chachikulu kukula, ndi machulukitsidwe wa uthenga, monga buku wanzeru kwambiri mu dziko.

mbiri Izi akukana Buku lina lofalitsidwa mu 1976 mu Denver (USA). Njirayi imatchedwa - "Superbook". miyeso yake - 3,07 mamita mkulu, 2,74 mamita lonse. Chiwerengero cha masamba si choncho chidwi - 300. Koma buku akulemera makilogalamu 252,6.

Ndipo kotero mu 2004. Lembani "Buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse" ndi manyazi. Choncho zosangalatsa kuti izo zinachitika mu Russia. "Buku lalikulu aang'ono", lofalitsidwa ndi yofalitsa "John", kotero wapadera, izo ziri ... masamba anayi! , Kuikidwa 12 ndakatulo pa masamba amenewa. Koma buku la akulemera makilogalamu okwana 492, waima pa mamita 6 ndipo m'lifupi mamita 3.

Kumene, buku la ana aang'ono sanatero ochiritsira makina osindikizira. Choyamba chopangidwa slipway matabwa, ndiye glued masamba ntchito luso lapadera. Pa chionetsero cha mabuku aana mu Moscow chozizwitsa anatengedwera pa nyumba prefab!

Buku mwana

Mutu wa "Buku wamng'ono dziko," ankanena Mabaibulo angapo wapadera. Kufikira tsopano lino, kanjedza anagwirizira Russian lamanzere hander, Sergei Konenko ku Omsk. Mu 1996 iye anatulutsa buku tridtsatistranichnuyu kukula kwa 0.9 * 0.9 mm, amene woyenera Chekhov nkhani "bilimankhwe". Koma pano pali owononga kuti umboni wake. Mu Japan, pali kusindikiza "Toppan", okhazikika mu buku la mabuku pachiyambi kwa zaka 40, kuchokera mu 1964. Apa lofalitsidwa 22-tsamba buku kakang'ono miyeso ya 0,7 * 0,7 mm. Njirayi imatchedwa "Maluwa kwa nyengo zinayi» ( "Shiki palibe Kusabana"), ndipo wapereka mafanizo wokongola kwambiri wa Japan mitundu monochrome. Onani iwo kapena lemba ngakhale magalasi sizingatheke. The Japanese tinapeza: aliyense angathe kugula kwa $ 300 pamlingo mosavuta ndi galasi lokulitsira kuti jombo. Ndipo kwa amene angakonde kulingalira wotani zenizeni mu buku laling'ono mu dziko, amatukutuku kuti anagawira zithunzi za iye pafupi diso la singano. The lonse ndi kokwanira.

mkulu

Izi ziri chimodzimodzi choncho pamene ukalamba decorates. Makamaka ngati tikulankhula za bukulo. Mu kusanja mabuku akale, komanso mwa wina aliyense, palibe unanimity. Mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo, buku yakale kwambiri mu dziko - Baibulo. Lemba mu mawonekedwe kusindikizidwa Anangoonekera m'zaka XV.

Kope woyamba kusindikizidwa ali ndi zaka zikwi zisanu. miyala iyi dongo ndi zolemba. Komabe, buku ndi zovuta kuwatcha, komanso mipukutu ku Iguputo. Fuko lirilonse liri ndi mabuku yake wakale ndi mfundo ntchito kalatayo. Choncho, Chinese wakale yaitali asanayambe pepala kupulumutsa olembedwa mudziwe ntchito nsungwi.

Chitsanzo china. kusungidwa "Golden Bukhu la Etruscans" pa Museum of History ku Bulgaria. Iye anapezeka ofukula pa zofukulidwa la manda akale ndi kuperekedwa nyumbayi. kumupima anasonyeza kuti ndi chenicheni, ndipo msinkhu wake si pasanathe zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Buku kwenikweni golide: masamba anapangidwa mbale woonda golide, unachitikira pamodzi monga kope a. Iwo ali zojambula ndi lemba lalembedwa chinenero Etruscan. Mwa njira, iwo sanabadwe wakwanitsa kumvetsa. Kaya kuganizira ichi chidwi buku - funso lomwelo: uwu si magazini m'njira chikhalidwe.

Pankhaniyi, kuwalepheretse ayenera kuperekedwa kwa buku lina - Kutolere maulaliki drevnekoreyskih Amonke "Jikji". Iwo kusindikizidwa ndi malemba makina mwa mpanda wa Hyndoks obisika m'zaka XIV.

Zonsezi pamaso pa nyengo yosindikiza. Kutulukira ndi makina osindikizira wayamba m'nyengo yatsopano. anali woyamba buku chenicheni chiti? Mu zaka za m'ma 15 German zatsopano Gutenberg kusindikizidwa Baibulo loyamba. Inapitiriza palibe zoposa zitatu dazeni makope kabuku mu dziko. Lero ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale komanso osati buku mtengo kwambiri. Mu 1987, pa ogulitsira malonda ndi, "Christie" Ugule 5 miliyoni. Madola.

Ndithudi, izi ndi chitsanzo chabe cha nzeru, koma osati yankho komaliza funsolo. Times akusintha, kuchulukitsa atulukira, ndi njira zofufuzira akukhala zambiri wangwiro. Nde tikhoza kuganiza kuti buku yakale kwambiri mu dziko silinakwaniritsidwe wapezeka.

Kukongola mabuku - imeneyi n'kofunika?

Funso kodi buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, angachititse chidwi. Koma funso lina - za kope wokongola kwambiri - imaonedwa ndi ena anadabwa. Koma bwanji ngati muli ndi mlingo wa "buku koopsa kwambiri dziko"? Koma kodi n'zotheka kusanja buku kupanga mu kuwala kumanga, zithunzi, inlay? Likukhalira mungathe. Ndipo ngakhale pali mlingo - "Buku wokongola kwambiri mu dziko." Lotsogoleredwa ndi Tome ake odzipatulira kwa Michelangelo kwambiri. Pamasamba mbale zagolide woonda - moyo wake, ntchito yake komanso ntchito ndi aphunzitsi ake ndi atumiki ena a Muses, amene makamaka woyanjidwa wojambula. Chidwi kukula ndi buku - makilogalamu 24, osati kuphatikizapo chachikulu bokosi matabwa yogwilizana kalata iyi kawirikawiri. Zimakhala osowa - atamasulidwa kope wokhometsa wa zidutswa 99, ndipo mtengo wa ndi 135 madola zikwi. Pakuti wokhometsa lili mwina osati kukongola, komanso buku yopambana.

Kukongola kwa kapangidwe ndi izi kope kupikisana buku, chokongoletsedwa buku Illustrator ndi mlengi ku Canada ndichotse Marian (Marian Bantjes). Chithunzicho yekha akhulupirira magazini a Ndondomeko ya wasenza kukongola.

Mafuta - kuti ndi kuthekera

Koma Palibenso makulidwe malamulo mchitidwewu pakati mabuku, amene amaikidwa ndi ubwino ulova. Lingaliro la chilengedwe chake wa Chidanishi inshuwalansi thumba «Min A-Casse». 23675 masamba mmodzi omangidwa - izi ndi zoyezera Tome izi. funso anafunika kuchita chiyani kuti apereke ngati buku bulky, ngati si kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbiri mu nomination "Buku zothinanitsa mu dziko"? Iwo likukhalira kuti analemba maganizo chabe anafuna kusonyeza dziko chimene ndi malamulo dongosolo inshuwalansi mu Europe. Yerekezerani, iwo amapereka kanjedza izi: zaka 50 zapitazo, buku lonse la malamulo kwa ubwino ulova anaikidwa pa tsamba 421. Pali kusiyana.

The Buku lalitali mu dziko - amene mukuwerenga yaitali?

Izi, kumene, pofuna kuti nthabwala. Ndipotu, ngati bukuli ndi "nthawi", izo sizingakhoze mwa njira iliyonse kuwerenga, likuchedwa kachiwiri ndi kuyamba. Kukambirana si choncho "mwaluso". ntchito Ndithu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, ponena mutu wa "Buku lalitali dziko" kukhalapo mu chikhalidwe. Ngakhale anayeza m'litali mwa kuthupi ndi mawu a lemba kusindikizidwa. Mbali yoyamba, mbiri ndi chimphona mpukutuwo, m'malo okha nkhani khumi, koma ndi kutalika mamita 1856. Iyi ndi ntchito losonkhanitsidwa anthu a m'tauni ku Italy Castello.

Koma Buku lalitali, wopangidwa mwa magawo 27 lili pa miliyoni mawu olembedwa ndi French wolemba Zhyul Romen. Ndipo kulemba buku, "Anthu chifuniro wabwino" nthawi mbiri-yaitali - kuchokera 1932 mpaka 1946. tsamba index sadzachitanso zikugwirizanira tsamba 50!

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, iyi yaitali ndipo m'njira buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse sichinayambe anayamikira kwathunthu. buku A za mavuto kwa France ndi dziko m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, malinga ndi otsutsa, munali ambiri kupotozedwa choonadi mbiri. Ndipo palibe kuchotsera pa wolemba nthano, ndipo makamaka pa n'kale lonse chilengedwe buku Romain sizinachitike.

Aliyense ali mantha ake nkhani

Wowopsa? Kodi simunawerenge. funso A yosavuta - kungoyankha. Koma pali mafani chenicheni cha mantha. Munthu ngakhale kuti iwo ali ambiri - yaing'ono maganizo kugwedeza mmwamba ndi zothandiza ngati masewera kwambiri.

Chinthu china ndi chakuti funso zimene buku koipa mu dziko, aliyense ali yankho lawo. A zambiri mwayi mu malo oyamba mu kusanja m'mabuku a Stephen Mfumu "Iwo", "Kuuluka kwa Night", "Ana a Chimanga" - nkhabe chifukwa wolemba chabe akunena za mtundu wanyimbo nkhani mantha. Ndipo ambiri a filimu anatengera cha zosindikizira ziwalo chosasimbika mawu a panamveka zikuwonjezereka masiku ano.

Ambiri a m'dziko mwathu muno, makamaka achikulire, adzatchedwa koipa buku wosafa chilengedwe NV "Viy" Gogol. A zaka zingapo zapitazo anali kokha filimu anatengera mantha filimu dziko. Ambiri amakakamizidwa kuti usachite mantha nkhani Artura Konan Doyle - ". The zamawangamawanga Band" "posakasaka wa Baskervilles" Mabuku Edgar Allan Poe si zochepa kwambiri ndi malingaliro a mdima wake, kukumbukira "Kugwa kwa Nyumba ya wothandizira." Mu Way womwewo wa olemba - ". Chithunzi cha Dorian Gray" Oskar Uayld ndi yodabwitsa

Tikumbukenso kuti olemba wa zaka 18-19th simuli amakonda mantha m'njira zamakono, koma zongoganiza. The osadziwika nthawi zonse wowopsa. Masiku ano nkhani mantha pamene chilungamo - magazi, mipeni, piranhas, osinthika. Nsombayi zinachitikira poipa kwambiri. Ndimachita mantha iwo zochepa, koma pano ine ndikufuna kuwerenga ndi kuonera nthawi zonse.

Dziko lapansi mabuku touted ndipo akupitiriza azipereka zodabwitsa zosaneneka buku okonda. Mwina owerenga posachedwapa kukhala ziwalo za kafukufuku latsopano Mwachitsanzo, zimene buku wanzeru kwambiri mu dziko, kapena kuti angadzifunse za ambiri ankakonda kwambiri zothandiza, kapena M'malo mwake, magazini cholakwika.