Kupanga "Chifukwa chiyani Bazarov anamwalira kumapeto kwa bukuli?"

Dziko lojambula la wolemba mabuku nthawi zonse limakhala ndi zithunzi zambiri zapamwamba kwambiri zamaganizo, zomwe zimapangitsa owerenga kukhala nawo mayanjano. Ku Turgenev kudzakhala chikondi, chilengedwe, chilengedwe chonse. Pa chitsanzo cha Yevgeny Bazarov, wina angaganizire momwe makhalidwe amenewa amatha, zomwe zimachititsa kuti chiwonongeko chiwonongeke, kapena kuti, kukhala kosatheka kukhalako kwake. Izi zikhoza kunenedwa mosiyana - Mulungu anaseka pa zikhulupiriro zonse za Yevgeny Bazarov ndipo adamutsogolera ku zotsatira zosapeŵeka, zomwe sanazindikire. Ndi chifukwa chake Bazarov anamwalira.

Chikondi

Mu moyo wa Turgenev ndi anthu ake, chikondi ndi malo enieni. Izi zikusonyeza kuti Turgenev akufotokozera chifundo chachikulu cha umunthu. Wolemba mabuku Gustave Flaubert anati: "Ndimakhulupirira kuti chikondi chokha chimayambitsa maluwa onse a anthu." Pa chikondi cha akatswiri a Turgenev, palinso chisindikizo cha masewero apakati kuyambira pachiyambi, akulosera kuti kuyandikira ndi kuyandikira mofulumira. Ndipotu, Anna Odintsova ndi Evgeny Bazarov, yemwe anali wolimba mtima komanso wofunitsitsa, amene, malinga ndi kuvomereza kwake, adayamba kukonda "wopusa, wopusa", ndipo mwachidwi, tidzawonjezera, kwanthawizonse, osakhala nawo nthawi yaitali. Chifaniziro chimene Turgenev akulowetsa mu ntchito zake - "kandulo-chikondi", "chikondi-lampade" - sizowopsa, chifukwa kandulo, kuphatikizapo tanthauzo lake lina, imayimira njira yolankhulana pakati pa anthu ndi maiko ena, imatanthawuza mfundo yotsutsana pakati pa izi ndi zina. Ndipo Eugene Bazarov, wokhala ndi chiphunzitso chosakhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu, sali kuyembekezera kupitiriza moyo wa moyo, koma kwinakwake mkati mwake amadziwa kuti akugwirizana ndi chinachake chopanda malire. Thupi la kandulo limatha, koma moto sungathe konse, kumene umachoka ndi kumene umabwereranso ndi chinsinsi. Kusagwirizana kwa mgwirizano ndi wokondedwa ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe Bazarov anamwalira.

Atheism

Bazarov amakhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu. Koma iyi ndi nthawi ya mafashoni nthawi imene mavuto a dziko la Russia achitika m'ma 1960. Analiponso vuto la chidziwitso chachipembedzo, chikhalidwe cha anthu amantha, kumene mutu wa tsar-abambo ali ndi tanthauzo lopatulika la odzozedwa a Mulungu, zomwe zikuwonetseredwa ndi mwini nyumbayo komanso mutu wa banja lililonse la achibale. Chidziwitso ichi chikugwera ndi kuyamba kwazamalonda ogulitsa malonda, omwe ali kale okhudzidwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo. Chifukwa cha kusakhulupirira kwa Bazarov chinali chikhalidwe cha anthu okhaokha, chomwe chimaopa kuthetsedwa kwaumwini mwa Mulungu. Mwachidziwitso chake, chokhumbachi chikutanthawuza chilakolako chogonjetsa imfa yokha. Kusakhulupirira kwa Evgeny Bazarov anamusandutsa mwana wamasiye. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chimene Bazarov anamwalira.

Chilengedwe

Zikuwoneka kuti akulonjeza kuti adzagawana ndi iwo omwe atembenukira kwa iwo, ngati sichifukwa chosakhoza kufa, ndiye chifukwa cha moyo wake wosatha. Komabe, zimangokhala ndi moyo anthu okhawo omwe sali odziwika. Choncho Fenechka, Arkady, ndi Katya adzakhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso amalembedwa, koma Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, yemwe ali ndi zaka 40, adzakhala mtembo wamoyo. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti imfa yowonongeka kwa zaka 28 idzachitikira Evgeny Bazarov. Iwo ndi anthu osiyana kwambiri, koma amakhala okhudzana ndi umunthu wawo wosadziwika. Izi sizimalandiridwa mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake Bazarov anamwalira. Chilengedwe mu dziko lake latsopano kwa umunthu, pamene liyesera kukhala losakhoza kufa, limakhala loipa, ndipo sichimapambana ngakhale munthu, koma limapitirira, onse akudya.

Chilengedwe

Iyi ndiyo gawo lomaliza la Turgenev. Kodi mlembiyo adawona kuti zingatheke kuti akhale ndi mgwirizano wofanana naye? Apa pali kusinkhasinkha kodabwitsa kwa Yevgeny Bazarov komwe kuli pansi pa udzu, komwe iye ndi Arkady Kirsanov akugwira ntchito yabwino, akugona pansi ndikuyang'ana kumwamba. Amaganizira zachabechabe poyerekezera ndi cosmos, munthu wamchenga, amene palibe yemwe amamuganizira. Amadziwa kuti ali ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Ndipo ichi amachiona ngati chamanyazi. Uku ndiko kupandukira kwachinyengo kwa munthu wodzitamandira wodzikuza motsutsana ndi malamulo osamva ndi akhungu a chilengedwe chonse, olamulidwa mwankhanza ndi munthu. Kulephera kuthana ndi zochitika ndi chifukwa chomwe Bazarov amamwalira kumapeto kwa buku la Turgenev.

Ngati mwawerenga mosamalitsa nkhaniyi ndi nkhani ya Turgenev, ndiye triad iyi - chikondi, chirengedwe, chilengedwe, opanda chifundo kwa mphamvu zaumunthu, imaposa zofuna zake zonse zopanda pake. Pano pazifukwa izi "Chifukwa Chake Bazarov anamwalira" chikhoza kukhazikika. Ngakhale ndizotheka ndi kusamalitsa mwakuya, mopanda mphamvu, kufotokozera mfundo zochepa.