Kugwa - kusintha lakuthwa zinthu msika, mchikakamizo cha "mphamvu yokoka"

Ine kugwa - ichi makamaka chodabwitsa mu nthaka. Izo zikutanthauza kugwa kwa Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ku phiri otsetsereka. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi mphamvu za anyamata. Kugwa kwa chuma - ndi kusintha kwambiri zinthu kumsika chifukwa vutoli lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi ndondomeko yaitali pagulu uja kumatsutsana malamulo a zachuma.

Vuto la 1980s ndi

The mafuta embargo ndi kusintha kwa chisilamu mu Iran chikwiyire nyamuka lakuthwa mu mitengo mafuta. Koma ndiye kunali kugwa lakuthwa mu mitengo chifukwa kukakamiza kuchepetsa. Ndi 1986, mtengo wa mbiya ya mafuta inali $ 10. ndi kugwa mitengo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njira zamakono mphamvu yopulumutsa. Iwo zayambika zikomo ndi mbiri $ 35 pa mbiya mu 1980. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono mphamvu yopulumutsa analola kuchepetsa mafuta ndi 46%.

Zotsatira za overproduction

Mafuta kugwa - chochitika kuti nthawi zonse masewero m'manja mwa mayiko ogula. Yotero ndi vuto la 1980s lapansi. Ankasewera pa dzanja US la Japan ndi mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Akatswiri ena ngakhale kupereka mfundo zogwira mtima kwambiri mokomera zomwe iwo anachita ndipo anapanga bungwe. Mafuta kugwa - ndi lalikulu tsokali OPEC mayiko ndi la Soviet Union. Soviet Union chiyani sakwanitsa kutuluka ndi mavuto azachuma amene adamtsata. Mavuto zinachititsa kuti kugwa ndale za USSR ndi mapangidwe mayiko latsopano palokha. Pafupi bankirapuse anali mayiko monga Venezuela, Mexico ndi Nigeria. Osati nthawi Chophweka anakumana, ngakhale Saudi Arabia. Iraq anali mu mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, kuti zinthu State anafunikira nkhondo ndi Iran. Chachiwiri, mu 1990, Iraq litalanda Kuwait chifukwa cha kusintha posachedwapa mafuta m'dera malire.

Kugwa mu mitengo mafuta mu 2015

akayambana zodziwitsa - ndi lingaliro zofunika kwambiri pa chuma capitalist. Russian makampani mafuta akhoza kupanga phindu pamene malipiro a mbiya ya mafuta pansipa $ 50, koma mu nkhani iyi alibe ndalama zatsopano. Zogulitsa kunja kwa zipangizo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri mankhwala aakulu m'banja. Kugwa mitengo mafuta Chifukwa cha mavuto akuya mu zaka 20. Bloomberg bungwe Akatswiri ananena kuti pofuna kukwaniritsa bajeti feduro m'pofunika kuti kufunika osachepera zipangizo zopangira anali osachepera $ 80 pa mbiya. Poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, mu zoyambirira za 2015, chuma cha boma wolingalira kutaya biliyoni madola 100 US.

The odziŵa Russia

Pankhaniyi, Goldman Sachs ofufuza Agency kulosera dontho lakuthwa mu kufunika kwa mafuta chifukwa cha kusowa malo osungira. m'matangadza mafuta mu United States ndi Ulaya anafika mkulu mbiri. Komanso, mlingo wa kukula mu kufunika kwa chimasanduka kukhala wodzichepetsa. Ndipo East akuchulukirachulukira kupanga ake mafuta m'minda yake. Choncho, zinthu mu chuma Russian zambiri zovuta mu 2016. Ndipo ichi ndi kugwa ina ruble lapansi.

"Black Lachiwiri" mu mbiri Russian

Woyamba zikuluzikulu kugwa ruble anatenga malo October 11, 1994. Chifukwa boma yolimbikitsa ya dollar ndi 27% kukhala wosadziŵa zochita za boma. yosiya anatumiza kwa wapampando wa Bank ku Central ndi nduna Finance. Chifukwa, pambuyo pa mlingo masiku atatu anabwerera ku misinkhu m'mbuyomu.

"Black Lachiwiri" mu 2014 anagwa na16-December. Akatswiri ena otchedwa lero nduna kuyamba tsiku mavuto azachuma mu Russia.

Kutha kwa malo a

Ndi kuchepetsa mitengo nyumba, ena akufunafuna ogulitsa amene ali wokonzeka kutaya zina 5-10%, ndi kukondwera kugula, amene chabe chaka chapitacho ndinkaona ngati sindingazikwanitse. Ena M'malo mwake, kudikira zotsatira zikuluzikulu kugwa, chifukwa posapita nthawi, "ndi malo msika kuwira" adzaswa. Ndipotu, monga zinachitika posachedwapa mu US pa World Financial 2007-2008 mavuto nthawi. Choyamba ngongole anali kunadetsa wosadalirika nzika. Ndiye iwo sakanakhoza kulipira iwo, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka amachita malo. Kuuza anakhalabe pa mlingo yachibadwa. Choncho, mitengo anayamba kutha. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti anthu anakhala opanda pake kulipira ngongole ya. Kunali kosavuta kupeza ngongole watsopano. Zimenezi anachititsa dontho lakuthwa mu mitengo malo. Kumatikumbutsabe wa World mavuto azachuma omwe anamva ngakhale tsopano - zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo penipeni.

Kodi n'zotheka dollar kugwa?

Akatswiri ena ndalama akhala akuneneratu kwa zaka zambiri kugwa kwa ndalama American. Ndalama presage kugwa, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti imfa ya dongosolo lonse ano ndalama. Makamaka mbiri akuti osaitanidwa khola, pa Koyamba, ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, mu kugwa izo zinachitika pa nkhondo World Ine ndi mapaundi British. ndalama onse anapita kupereka amadzibisa, kotero malonda yachilendo anaphwa. Kugwa lomaliza la libisi zinachitika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Izi ndi anapezerapo mwayi wa United States, amene chuma wakhala si anavutika yovuta. Mu 1944, mapangano Bretton Woods anali anasaina. Kuti timvetse momvetsa chisoni za dollar mapaundi?

Choyamba, kugwa kwa akatswiri ndalama US Nthawi zambiri ndi yaikulu ngongole boma US. Koma boma n'kopindulitsa kupereka America ngongole, chifukwa katundu wawo waukulu msika. Kachiwiri, pamene izo sizimawoneka ndalama mpikisano mu dziko. Yuro, yen ndi n'chokwana singagwire ndalama US. ndalama kwambiri ndi padera mu chuma US, choncho si zotheka kugwa dollar mu nthawi yochepa.