Kubadwa mwa namwali mu ufumu nyama ndi anthu

Kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA, kapena parthenogenesis ndi kusinthidwa ya kubereka kumene gamete wamkazi amayamba kukhala mu munthu watsopano popanda nawo gamete wamwamuna kwa umuna. Parthenogenetic kubalana ambiri mu ufumu nyama, zomera, ndi zambiri izo kumawonjezera mlingo wa kubalana.

Parthenogenesis nyama ndi zomera

Kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA ulipo magulu awiri - haploid ndi diploid parthenogenesis, malingana topangira DNA mu gamete wamkazi. ziwala zambiri, monga nyerere, mavu ndi njuchi, chifukwa cha woyamba kufalitsa mitundu pali madera osiyanasiyana a zamoyo. Pamene haploid parthenogenesis amapezeka ndi meiosis ndi haploid gametes. Mazira ubwamuna angathe akazi diploid ndi haploid unfertilized dzira akufotokozera amuna chonde. Mu honeybee Mwachitsanzo, manthu uja amaikira mazira ndi umuna, omwe akutipatsa akazi (ntchito anthu, chiberekero), ndi mazira unfertilized, omwe akutipatsa amuna (drones). Chotero limagwirira la kubalana tizilombo anachita ntchito dziphunzitsiranso, chifukwa akhoza kusintha maonekedwe a ana, malingana ndi mtundu wa gametes.

Diploid parthenogenesis amapezeka nsabwe. Mu nkhani iyi, oocytes wamkazi ongoyendayenda ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za meiosis - ndi DNA Kodi kulekanitsa, ndi kulowa dzira, matupi kumalo ozizira kukhala DNA. Development wa mazira nazo thupi la mayi, zazikazi akhanda athanzi ndipo alibe zimaswa mazira. ndondomeko imeneyi moyo kubadwa kwa mibadwo ingapo, mpaka kudzaonekera selo imene limapangidwa wina X-khromozomu ndi autosomes onse. Kuyambira Kutacha parthenogenetic wamwamuna. The mwayi waukulu nsabwe partogeneneza - kuwonjezeka mofulumira anthu chifukwa cha anthu ake okhwima akhoza kuika mazira.

"The kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA" m'njira zosiyanasiyana ambiri zomera. Mmodzi wa iwo akutchedwa apomixis ndi parthenogenesis, simulating kubereka. mawonekedwe mimba kumachitikita ina zomera maluwa, ali ndi foni diploid akufotokozera mu Ndisanaumbidwe wathunthu popanda nawo gametes wamwamuna. Nthawi zina, payenera kukhala mungu tirigu, popatsana parthenogenesis; mungu mbewu umabala mahomoni koyenera kuti maonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo, ndipo Zikatero pafupifupi osiyana kubereka.

Parthenogenesis anthu

Akatswiri azamalamulo zimadziŵa kuti pa kutentha, nkhawa ndi zikhalidwe kwambiri akazi linagwira mukhoza kuyamba ndondomeko fission, ngakhale ngati si ukala. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati mkazi ali okonzeka kuchilandira, iye akhoza basi konzekera kwa kanthawi mu kusamba, ndi dzira ndi adamulowetsa mwa njira kutembenuka mu thupi, koma nthawi zambiri, si yotheka ndipo adzafa posachedwa.

The okonzeka mnzake ukala dzira ali 23 DNA kuti kudziwa kugonana.

"The kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA" amapezeka pamene okhwima DNA wamkazi anawagawa amachepetsa awiri, kupanga dzira 46 DNA koyenera kuti zikamera wa moyo watsopano. Pambuyo pake akhoza kuyamba ndondomeko akuwaza ndi chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo, koma akazi okha.

Malingana ndi madokotala, ndi parthenogenesis anthu amapezeka mu kukhalapo mabakiteriya kukhalamo tizilombo, koma angachititse mu thupi laumunthu chifukwa cha kugawikana kwa dzira ndi mwana wosabadwayo mapangidwe. Bakiteriya wawononga nyongolosi wamwamuna kapena asinthe iwo mu akazi.

Kale olembedwa Nthawi zambiri pomwe pansi Ndisanaumbidwe anthu zasintha mchikakamizo cha umphawi wadzaoneni kapena m'madera otentha, nthawi zonse kusintha kwa akazi, mawu ena konse zimachitika kuti Ndisanaumbidwe wamwamuna.

Poyamba, zodabwitsazi silimveka konse. Mulimonsemo, mawu akuti "parthenogenesis" anaonekera posachedwapa. "Kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA" Namwali Mariya Akhristu amaona chozizwitsa. Ndipo popeza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi mimba wabwinobwino, ndipo palibe amene sichinachitikepo.