Magetsi mu zakumwa: magwero ake makhalidwe kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe

Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa chimatanthauza magetsi inawadutsa imatsogoleredwa kayendedwe ka particles mlandu. Komabe, dziwani kuti chiyambi ndi kayendedwe ka izo zosiyanasiyana mapangidwe ndi yosiyana Chrixitu. Makamaka, panopa magetsi mu zakumwa ali katundu ena kuposa analamula zoyenda wa particles mlandu. Tikuyankhula zokhudza yemweyo ochititsa zachitsulo.

Chachikulu kusiyana ndi kuti masiku ano zakumwa - kayendedwe ka ayoni mlandu, maatomu mwachitsanzo kapena mamolekyulu, amene pazifukwa zina anataya kapena wabweza ma elekitironi. Pankhaniyi, mmodzi wa zizindikiro gulu limeneli ndi kusintha katundu wa thunthu, imene imakhudza ayoni izi. Yachokera pa tanthauzo la magetsi, tikhoza kuganiza kuti pa kuwonongeka kwa ayoni zoipa mlandu kudzalimbikitsa cha zabwino mphamvu zoyendetsera, ndi zabwino, mosiyana ndi negative.

The kuwonongeka ndondomeko njira mamolekyulu mu ayoni zabwino ndi zoipa zopezera Science mutu electrolytic dissociation. Choncho, magetsi kumachitika chifukwa zakumwa kuti, mosiyana ndi waya chomwecho zitsulo, kusintha kapangidwe ndi mankhwala katundu wa madzi awa, chifukwa mu ndondomeko kusamukira ayoni.

Magetsi inawadutsa mu zakumwa, magwero ake onse makhalidwe kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe akhala vuto lalikulu, lomwe kale chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira wasayansi wotchuka Michael Faraday. Makamaka, kudzera zatsopano zambiri, kunali kotheka kutsimikizira kuti unyinji wa mankhwala electrolytic mwachindunji amadalira kuchuluka kwa magetsi nthawi imene electrolysis ndi ikuchitika. Pa zifukwa zina iliyonse, kupatula mtundu wa zinthu, izi sikudalira misa.

Komanso, kuphunzira ziliri pa zakumwa, Faraday experimentally anapeza kuti kwa kudzipatula kilogalamu imodzi chinthu chilichonse pa electrolysis ayenera kukhala nambalayi a milandu magetsi. ndalamazo ndi wofanana 9.65 • July 10., analandira dzina la Faraday.

Mosiyana ndi ochititsa chitsulo, mphamvu ya magetsi mu zakumwa wazunguliridwa ndi tinthu madzi, zomwe kwambiri kusokoneza kayendedwe wa ayoni mankhwala. Pa nkhani imeneyi, electrolyte aliyense akhoza kupanga yekha yaing'ono panopa voteji. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati kutentha kwa ukuwonjezeka njira, madutsidwe ukuwonjezeka, ndi za magetsi ukuwonjezeka kumunda.

Electrolysis lili ndi chinthu chinanso chidwi. Chinthu ndi oipa Mwina molekyulu makamaka mu ayoni zabwino ndi zoipa ndi apamwamba kwambiri, chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu wa zosungunulira ndi thunthu yokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, panthawi ina zifika ion supersaturation wa njira, inatuluka njira madutsidwe umayamba kuchepa. Choncho aakulu electrolytic dissociation chidzachitika mu njira kumene ion ndende ndi otsika kwambiri koma magetsi inawadutsa mwamphamvu mu njira amenewa ndi otsika.

ndondomeko electrolysis chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chuma zosiyanasiyana mafakitale zokhudzana ndi zochita electrochemical. Mwa zofunika kwambiri za iwo monga yokonza zitsulo kudzera electrolyte mchere electrolysis, chlorine ndi ena ofanana, zochita redox wofunikila zinthu monga wa hydrogen, kupukuta pamalo electroplating. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ambiri, luso lopanga ndi chida sizachilendo njira ya kuyenga imene ndi yokonza zitsulo popanda zosafunika osafunika.