Njoka yam'madzi magetsi: kwachilengedwenso khalidwe

Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi - nsomba zimene amapanga kumaliseche panopa voteji a 650 V. voteji Zimenezi zingakhale kupha munthu amene ali pafupi. Kugonana okhwima njoka yam'madzi magetsi ukufika pafupifupi mamita m'litali, ndiye, ngati wochindikala ndi khumi masentimita. Atatu ziwalo magetsi zatenga pafupifupi 80% ya njoka yam'madzi thupi, 20 otsala wotanganidwa ndi matupi ena akuchita yofunika ntchito (kubereka, kupuma, chimbudzi, etc.).

Childs, madzi anthu ndi njoka yam'madzi magetsi, osauka mpweya Komabe, si kukhumuditsidwa. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri a kusanduka, anaphunzira kupuma O2. Young conger akhoza kuona Komabe, zaka, maso ake anali unayamba kuwonongeka. Tikumbukenso kuti malo amene akukhala, maso ake sali kwambiri. Ziphuphu zakumaso zimatulutsa ofooka zikhumbo magetsi (40-50 C), deta otsika-voteji kumaliseche kuwathandiza kupeza nyamazo.

Wa zinyama zonse nsomba yekha kupanga ndalama zimenezi wa mphamvu kusokoneza ngakhale kupha munthu. zamagetsi Special kutumikira nsomba lathu, chitetezo, uzimba, ndiponso kulankhulana. kukha magetsi ali amapulumutsa pafupifupi 250 ya nsomba Komabe, wiri zokha basi nsomba (eels ndi cheza) kubala mlandu champhamvu koposa kotero kuti akhoza kupha munthu. Magetsi amapezeka mu thupi la nyama zonse, kuphatikizapo anthu. zikhumbo magetsi kudzera mwa Ulusi mitsempha mu manyuroni ubongo zapita zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika ku thupi. Mu thupi la eels ndi kunyezimira kutulutsa mphamvu moti angathe ntchito ngati chida. Back m'zaka 18 mochedwa, asayansi apeza kuti zilakolako mitsempha ndi elektrohimicheskuyu chikhalidwe. Mu mawu ena, ngakhale zaka zimenezo, izo zinali kuti zizindikiro mitsempha - kayendedwe ka ayoni mwa Kakhungu neurocyte. Pa zina kapena wongokhala maselo ake Kakhungu ndi kuthekera zoipa (mu ayoni waikamo K) ndi kunja kudziunjikira onse oipa ndi abwino ayoni (soda ndi potaziyamu ayoni). Mu ndondomeko ya malowedwe a sodium wochuluka ayoni mu kuthekera selo unasintha positive. M'chigawo yachibadwa chifukwa cha machitidwe a "mpope ndi sodium" selo kamakhala kuchotsa ayoni ndi sodium.

nsomba njoka yam'madzi bwino ndinazolowera moyo mu ukapolo, ndi wokhala kawirikawiri m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera kunyumba. Ena mafani kuonetsa luso lapadera la eels ntchito mababu, mawaya amene mulibe mu Aquarium ndi. Cholinga angathe nyama (yaing'ono zidutswa nsomba chakudya), magetsi njoka yam'madzi akuyamba kupoletsa kukha magetsi mu sing'anga amadzimadzi. Kumva malo amodzi phokoso chifukwa electrodischarges pa Aquarium amplifiers akonzedwa phokoso. Kuthana ndi mphaka ngati - ndi ngozi ndithu.

The luso lapadera la asayansi njoka yam'madzi akuphunzira kwa zaka zopitirira zana. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse eels ntchito mu zatsopano pa zotsatira za mpweya mitsempha, kutchinga kufala kwa zikhumbo, chotero zingakhudzire ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ntchito zinchito (mtima, mapapo, m'mimba dongosolo). Mitsempha mpweya ziletsa pogawanikana pamawere wa acetylcholine (nkhoswe) pambuyo midadada ndi "ndi sodium mpope" ubongo. Monga ulamuliro, acetylcholine mu thupi yomweyo pambuyo kugawanika, momwe ntchito yake yaikulu. The ndondomeko hydrolytic umalamulidwa ndi puloteni (cholinesterase). Monga mpweya mitsempha ndigwire ntchito ya anati enzyme.

Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi yodziwika ndi zili zofunika kwambiri za cholinesterase. akatswiri asilikali anagwiritsa ntchito eels magetsi monga gwero la enzyme, kuti kunali koyenera kuti kuphunzira njira ya kanthu mpweya mitsempha pa thupi la munthu.