Kodi noosphere? chiphunzitso Vernadsky wa noosphere ndi

Chiphunzitso cha noosphere ndi Chili zambiri paradigms yooneka ngati ali wamng'ono mu amalanga wamba: nzeru, zachuma, nthaka. Kodi wapadera lingaliro ili?

Nkhani akuti

Kuti ndi noosphere, alonga kuna dziko m'mabuku ake French masamu Eduard Lerua mu 1927. Mu zaka zochepa chabe pamaso anakapezeka nkhani zingapo kwambiri Russian wasayansi Vladimira Ivanovicha Vernadskogo, za mavuto geochemistry (ndi biogeochemistry). Noosphere - mkhalidwe wapadera wa biosphere, imene ntchito yaikulu ankaimba ndi maganizo a anthu. Munthu ntchito nzeru amalenga "khalidwe" kuwonjezera amene alipo.

Komabe, nthawi yomweyo ndi pachokha ndi chibadwa. Choncho, noosphere - akadali chifukwa cha kusanduka zikuchitika malinga ndi unyolo zotsatirazi: chitukuko cha dziko - ndi biosphere - maonekedwe a munthu - ndipo potsiriza, zikamera wa noosphere lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malingaliro a Vernadsky ofufuza kunena, palibe yankho lomveka ku funso lakuti: "The noosphere kale, kapena kodi chabe adzawoneka kuti?" Scientist nthawi yomweyo adafotokoza kuti pa nthawi imene amakhala mdzukulu wamkulu, mtima wa munthu ndi zinthu zake zambiri maluwa ndi kuwulula wonse. Ndipo kungasonyeze zotsalira za zikamera wa noosphere lapansi.

Vernadsky lingaliro

chiphunzitso Vernadsky wa noosphere, monga asayansi amati, chifukwa enieni malo a "chisinthiko" pamene biosphere amakhala noosphere. Vladimir Ivanovich, m'buku lake "Scientific Ndinkaganiza ngati chodabwitsa Planetary," analemba kuti kusintha kwa biosphere mu noosphere ndi zotheka pamene ndondomeko izi zimakhudza maganizo sayansi.

Komanso ofufuza onani, Vernadsky kuzindikiridwa zinthu zingapo maonekedwe a noosphere lapansi. Pakati pawo, mwachitsanzo, ndi kuthetsa zonse za anthu pa dziko (osati chabe kukhala mu nkhani iyi, malo biosphere a). Ndi kusintha kwa kukambirana ndiponso kudziwitsana pakati pa kuwombola anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana (ndipo izi chifukwa cha Internet kale). Noosphere kumachitika pamene nthaka ya dzikoli kwakukulukulu kudalira pa munthu osati chikhalidwe.

otsatira Concept asayansi

Asayansi a m'madera osiyana, podziwa ziphunzitso za Vernadsky ndi otsatira ake kuti noosphere, analenga mfundo zochepa, kukhala postulates zofunika ofufuza Russian. Malinga AD Ursula, mwachitsanzo, noosphere - ndi kachitidwe komwe makhalidwe malingaliro mfundo kugwirizana ndi nzeru, umunthu adzakhala kuonekera mu nkhani patsogolo. Mu noosphere ndi Ursula anthu amatsatira m'chilengedwe, mode mbali olowa mu mchitidwe wa chisinthiko.

Ngati chiphunzitso cha noosphere Vernadsky zikutanthauza ŵakwenera mofulumira a biosphere, ndiye, monga taonera ndi akatswiri a masiku ano, mfundo olemba lero monga lingaliro kuti noosphere ndi biosphere, osalephera, adzapitiriza alipo pa nthawi yomweyo. Mmodzi wa akugwirizana ndi zotheka pamaso pa noosphere wa - malinga ndi akatswiri a masiku ano - kungakhale kukwaniritsa malire a chitukuko anthu, mlingo pazipita kusintha kwa mabungwe ndi zachuma. Pali kuyesetsa za makhalidwe amakhalidwe abwino ndi chikhalidwe.

Communication noosphere ndi anthu

Man ndi noosphere amagwirizana kwambiri mwachindunji. Ndi chifukwa zochita za anthu ndi ankaganizira kwambiri limapezeka noosphere (chiphunzitso Vernadsky amati za iwo). Pali lothandiza makamaka Kukula kwa nthaka ya dziko. Munthu, kupanga malo enieni okha, kutenga mbali mwa ntchito biosphere. Anthu m'malo masoka, chinachake chimene chilipo kale mu chikhalidwe, yokumba. Pali malo amene mbali yofunika ndi ankaimba ndi zipangizo.

Pali malo mwa kugwiritsira ntchito imayendetsedwa ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina. Kodi ndi zoona kunena kuti noosphere - dera la munthu akuganiza? Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti zochita za anthu sikuti zimadalira kumvetsetsa za momwe dziko ntchito. Anthu amakonda kuchita N'chimodzimodzinso, kupanga zolakwa. Maganizo ngati inu n'kudziphatika kwa lingaliro ili, N'kutheka kuti imayambitsa kutukula luso zimenezi koma osati chikhalidwe cha amadza mosamala pa biosphere kuti uzidzatenga noosphere lapansi.

Anthroposphere ndi Technosphere

Chiphunzitso cha noosphere ntchito za asayansi ndi zogwirizana ndi mawu ena awiri. Choyamba, "anthroposphere". Lingaliro akusonyeza ntchito ndi malo a munthu, komanso zochitika zawo danga. Anthroposphere - magulu muzochitika chuma cha dzikoli, pa chitukuko chimene kokha munthu ndi udindo. Chachiwiri, ndi "technosphere". Pali kutanthauzira awiri akamanena mawu akuti. Choyamba n'chakuti zodabwitsazi - izi ndi mlandu wapadera anthroposphere kutanthauzira.

Technosphere - mndandanda wa malo a zochita za anthu, zomwe zimafunika njira ya. Zimakhala ngati dziko palokha, ndipo danga. Malinga ndi kutanthauzira chachiwiri Technosphere - ndi gawo la biosphere, amene zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa ndondomeko mogwirizana anthu. Pali, poyamba, gulu la asayansi amene amagwirizana technosphere ndi noosphere, ndipo pali ofufuza ku kumvetsa zomwe Technosphere - wapakatikati pakati pa biosphere ndi noosphere.

noosphere maganizo

Pamodzi ndi lingaliro la "noosphere" ndi akuti kugwirizana ndi mtundu winawake wa maganizo. Iye anawonekera ndi posachedwapa. Ndi za kuganiza noosphere. Icho chiri, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo yeniyeni. Ofunika kwambiri a iwo - digiri yapamwamba ya criticality. Kenako - ndi mkati khwekhwe munthu kusintha biosphere, chilengedwe cha chuma, zimathandiza kuti ichi. Mbali yofunika ya akuganiza noosphere - kutsogoza la anthu pa mseri (makamaka kuthetsa mavuto sayansi). Chikhumbo kuthetsa zachilendo osati anathana ndi ntchito iliyonse. Wina zikuluzikulu za maganizo noosphere - chilakolako kumvetsa akamanena za njira zimene zimachitika mu uthunthu ndi anthu.

maphunziro noosphere

Pakati pa asayansi pali maganizo osati munthu aliyense predisposed kuganiza chikhalidwe cha noosphere. Anthu ambiri ndipo sanadziwe zimene noosphere. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira, munthu akhoza kuphunzitsidwa luso la chitukuko cha mtundu wa maganizo. Izi muzichita mu chimango cha otchedwa maphunziro noosphere. Chamene maphunziro aikidwa pa mphamvu ya ubongo wa munthu.

Malinga ndi theorists wa maphunziro noosphere, anthu ayenera kuphunzira yotithandiza zikamera wa zolinga zabwino, kukhumba chiyanjano ndi chilengedwe, kufuna kudziwa cholinga akamanena za njira zikuchitika mmadera. Ngati kukhumba zabwino, monga ndiAmene wa lingaliro ili amakhulupirira kuti abweretse mfundo ndi yankho la mavuto a zachuma, anthu adzapanga sitepe yaikulu patsogolo.

Lingaliro la Teilhard de A Chardin

Mu buku lake "The chodabwitsa cha Man," ndi French wasayansi Per Teyyar de A Chardin waika patsogolo angapo mfundo nzeru zaumunthu, zokhudza chodabwitsa noosphere lapansi. Fotokozani mwachidule ngati nkotheka: Kodi anthu osati chinthu kusanduka, koma injini zake. Malinga ndi mfundo za sayansi ndi, ndiwo maganizo - ndi chinyezimiro, luso munthu kudziwa yokha. Chiphunzitso cha mfundo Teilhard de A Chardin ndi Vernadsky a Chili amanena za maonekedwe anthu. Onse asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anthu ndi apadera kwambiri wosiyana zina zamoyo chifukwa cha umunthu kudziletsa kuzindikira. Kusiyana chachikulu pakati kumvetsa noosphere malinga Teilhard de A Chardin ndi mozama ndi mfundo monga "Chitsulo" ndi "danga."

Pamene biosphere usiye mu noosphere ndi

Chiphunzitso cha noosphere chikudalira kwambiri ndi biosphere lapansi. Monga tanena, tinganene kuti dera wina kwa mzake zichitike mu mode wapadera kwa chirengedwe. Malinga ndi tanthauzo otchuka a biosphere ndi - ndi dongosolo imene yapereka ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya dzikoli. Ndi anthu zamoyo ndi zochita zawo zimakhudza zolowa za mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala. M'kupita kwa zamoyo chilengedwe cha biosphere zimakonzekera m'munsi kwa zikamera wa chitukuko anthu, anthu tikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu, mchere.

Mu njira ya chitukuko, nayenso, chitukuko anthu, apeza zipangizo ndi njira imene nawo mwayi azikopa pa biosphere lapansi. Pakati pa asayansi pali lomwe pamene amenewa anali wofunika kwambiri - zofuna za anthu si oposa 1% ya chuma cha biosphere lapansi. Koma ambiri amayamba imbalances: ndi biosphere pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutaya luso kupereka munthu zonse zofunikira kwathunthu. Anthu akukumana ndi chilakolako chofuna kupeza chinachake chimene ine sindikanakhoza kupereka biosphere paokha. Ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa Kudzidalira udzakhala wakuti anthu adzaleka ntchito chuma cha biosphere, pamenepo adzakhala noosphere.

Kufunika kwa ziphunzitso za noosphere sayansi

chiphunzitso Vernadsky wa noosphere ndi mokhudzika bwanji chiweruzo cha njira chitukuko mu kafukufuku wa mbiri zosiyanasiyana. Kudziwa zimene noosphere (kapena kubweretsa ndekha kumvetsa zodabwitsazi), asayansi amasiku pa kutaya chida lofunika kuti amalola kuti amange zitsanzo za padziko lapansi m'tsogolo. Chinachake monga chonchi akhoza Vernadsky kwenikweni kulosera zikamera Intaneti, ndipo ena zikayenda umoyo ndi zachuma. Lingaliro la noosphere m'zaka za m'ma 20, anapatsidwa asayansi amakono kuti tithe kumvetsa kusanduka. Oyambirira machenjezo zotheka maonekedwe a noosphere Padziko Lapansi kale anali mu Paleolithic ndi Mesolithic. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zochita za anthu kugwirizana ndi yaikulu biosphere ndi kuchuluka kokha. Inalimbikitsidwa olimba kusintha kwa noosphere biosphere anali mafakitale m'zaka za m'ma 19, lero wamng'ono otchuka Chinthu ndi Internet. N'zotheka kuti anthu akuyembekezera njira chipangizo zambiri kulankhulana ndi luso.