Kodi ndi chiyani ayisikilimu? Kodi kupanga amamwa ayisikilimu?

M'dziko lililonse, ndi ayisikilimu - ndi mmodzi wa ndiwo zochuluka mchere otchuka. chikondi chake ndipo pafupifupi onse ana odala kudya akuluakulu ambiri. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa chikondi ichi ndi kuti anthu kupeza chokopa mu mankhwala? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, choyamba tiyenera kuphunzira zimene zimapangitsa ayisikilimu.

Zosakaniza ndi kufotokozera mankhwala

Kuyamba, tisaiwale kuti mbiri ya ayisikilimu ali zaka zoposa 4 zikwi. Asayansi amanena kuti mchere ichi poyamba anaonekera mu China. Komabe, ndiye kunali chisanu zonse ndi ayezi ndi zipatso zidutswa. Iwo anali ndi m'zaka za m'ma 18, mankhwala wakhala zimene aliyense ntchito kumuona tsopano. Choncho zimene zimapangitsa ayisikilimu mu tsiku lathu? akuphatikizapo lophweka ndipo limathandizana zogwirizana ndi tanthauzo la amene angapezeke mu dikishonare iliyonse. Malinga ndi kufotokoza ochiritsira izo - lokoma misa mazira anakonza kuchokera mkaka ndi Kuwonjezera aromatics zosiyanasiyana ndi flavorings.

Ngati kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane zimene zimapangitsa ayisikilimu, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala kudziwa zosakaniza waukulu amapanga chakudya chokoma izi:

• mkaka;
• kirimu;
• mafuta osiyanasiyana;
• mkaka mankhwala zouma;
• chakudya zina (stabilizers, emulsifiers);
• kulawa zonunkhira mankhwala;
• madzi.

Anakhumudwitsa pamodzi matenthedwe ndi makina processing, zigawo zikuluzikulu zimenezi lidzasinthidwa azichitira ambiri ankakonda zonse zili bwino onse kuyambira ali mwana.

mfundo moperewera

Koyamba, izi mankhwala - wonse osiyanasiyana mankhwala. Ngati ife mosamala ndondomeko yopanga ndi kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane mmene ndi zimene zimapangitsa ayisikilimu, ndiye angathe kuwonjezera mndandanda wa mpweya. Si mankhwala, koma ndi thandizo ake mchere amapeza akuphatikizapo homogeneous. Choyamba, zipangizo wapadera (homogenizers) kudzera kuthamanga amachepetsa kukula kwa globules mafuta, ndiye pambuyo yozizira, osakaniza ndi kukwapulidwa, mpweya kukhala wabwino. Ndi panthawi imeneyi ya ayisikilimu amakhala choncho wachifundo ndi wofatsa, momwe izo zonse ntchito kuwona. Popanda njira zina akhoza kupeza yekha lotayirira mafuta aumirira, kudya kuti palibe zosangalatsa. Mfundo ndi ayisikilimu ndi timaliyamikira kwambiri chifukwa ndi chimene:

• ozizira (kutentha zolimbikitsa);
• wokoma;
• mpweya;
• chopatsa thanzi.

makhalidwe onsewa kulola wakale mchere kwa zaka zambiri kuti amakonda mankhwala mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lapansi.

ndondomeko

Fakitale koyamba kwa kupanga ayisikilimu anaonekera m'zaka 19. Zinali ku Baltimore (USA) mu 1851. The ndondomeko kupanga anali ndiye wosazindikira ndithu. Koma bwanji kuti ayisikilimu pa mbewu lero?

Masiku ano, pafupifupi makampani onse ntchito luso chomwecho, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

1. Kuvomereza zipangizo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, anachititsa mankhwala kusanthula katundu.
2. Kukonzekera kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu kuyambira. The zigawo zikuluzikulu madzi (madzi, kirimu ndi mkaka) anali kutenthetsa digiri 40, ndi youma (shuga) - sieved.
3. Kusungunuka kusakaniza. Konzekerani mankhwala pambuyo weighting analandira ndi kusamba okonzeka ndi jekete madzi. Apa iwo ali osokonezeka kwa maola angapo pa Kutentha zonse.
4. The osakaniza yomalizidwa umadutsa Zosefera kuchotsa n'zotheka apezeka.
5. Komanso, misa akulowa pasteurization kumene usavutike madigiri 85. ndondomeko amatenga osachepera Mphindi 5. Koma nthawi ndi zokwanira kuti awononge zonse yaying'ono-zamoyo zimene zili mu kusakaniza.
6. Kenako, zikuchokera umadutsa homogenizer ndi m'mene osakaniza bwino kugwirizana kwake ndi kukhala ofewa.
7. Ndiye utakhazikika 0 - 6 madigiri, amawapopa mu akasinja wapadera ndipo anali m'menemo maola 24.
8. Nditamaliza magawo onsewa osakaniza akufanana ndi mkaka wandiweyani. Kwa iye zinali zosavuta amaundana zambiri kufwanyulira mu m'firiji wapadera. Apa ladzala ndi mpweya ndi umakhala "omvera."
9. Kenako chomaliza - atanyamula. Air misa mkaka, kudutsa dispensers ndi, uyikidwa mu mawonekedwe kapena ma CD wapadera (makapu kokulumunya, pepala kapena mabokosi pulasitiki).
10. mankhwala theka-yomalizidwa akuuzidwa m'chipinda kuzizira pamene kuzimitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri opanda 12-14.
11. Choncho mankhwala yomalizidwa ali pa ma CD. Ena mwa iwo kudutsa makina kale okutira omwe anasindikizidwa mu zojambulazo zokongola kapena pepala.

Mabokosi ndi wokonzeka kupita ayisikilimu zipinda ozizira yosungirako, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kulowa maukonde malonda.

Features maphikidwe

Chifukwa chotsirizidwa ayenera kukumana ena magawo sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu ayisikilimu "Ice kirimu" malinga ndi mfundo anavomereza kachigawo Unyinji wa mafuta akhale 15 peresenti. Izi mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zonona, mafuta zili zomwe angafikire 55 peresenti. Ndipo nanga bwanji ngati mankhwala kulibe? Kodi kupanga ayisikilimu mu mkaka?

zonse apa ndi lophweka. Chinsinsi Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta unsalted. Funso la zili mafuta zithetsedwe. Koma mfundo kuyenela kuyang'aniridwa ndi nusu Unyinji wa zolimba. Pakuti yemweyo mu chotsirizidwa "Sundae" ayenera kukhala osachepera 40 peresenti. Vutoli ingathetse kumayambiriro lonse zouma kapena mkaka kutungira. Motero sayansi ya ndondomeko kupanga kwenikweni akanali yemweyo. kusintha Small kudzachitika pokhapo pa siteji ya kuyanjana ndi homogenization. Pamafunika nthawi pang'ono ndi kukhalabe milingo ina kuthamanga kupereka kufunika analinso pachilichonse.

Vietnam manja

Ena amayi tatsimikiza kuti mankhwala wopangidwa ndi manja awo, nthawizonse bwino kuposa wina anagula mu sitolo. N'chifukwa chake ndi mmene kuti amamwa ayisikilimu. Chinsinsi kuphika mkaka mchere amapereka zinthu zotsatirazi:

3 chikho cha kirimu ayenera kukhala 3 nkhuku dzira yolks, kapu ya shuga ndi vanila pang'ono.

The ndondomeko kuphika chiri motere:

1. Choyamba, muyenera libisi yolks bwino ndi shuga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, inu mungakhoze basi kuwonjezera vanila. Tima kusanganikirana mankhwala aphata mpaka shuga pafupifupi kusungunuka.
2. Payokha, mu saucepan ndi kutenthetsa kirimu wonyika. Sikuti kuwatulutsira kwa chithupsa, mwinamwake ndi chotsirizidwa adzakhala ndi ngokayikitsa.
3. Pang'ono pang'ono anayamba mankhwala yotentha mu osakaniza dzira nachiyika pa moto. misa ayenera usavutike mpaka izo zikuyamba thicken.
4. The osakaniza madzi udzathiridwa mu maonekedwe ndi kuika mu mufiriji.

ndondomeko akhoza amatengedwa kuti anamaliza pambuyo zikuchokera ndi kudzachiritsidwa kwathunthu.

zipangizo zoyendera magetsi kuthandiza

Asayansi amakono amachita kwambiri kuti azipeza ntchito pomasula akazi ku khitchini. Pakuti mafani wa mchere otchuka ozizira anapanga chipangizo wapadera wotchedwa "mufiriji". Mothandizidwa ndi azichitira ankakonda zingakhale zosavuta kwambiri komanso waliwiro.

Iwo okha mpaka tikupeza bwanji kuti ayisikilimu kunyumba. Chinsinsi ntchito yapadera Unit (mufiriji) nkomwe isiyana ndi chimake ochiritsira. Ntchito chofunika:

0.5 malita a kirimu mazira 3 magalamu 170 a shuga, kapu ya madzi otentha, magalamu 5 gelatin ndi pang'ono vanillin.

The ndondomeko ya kuchita kusintha pang'ono:

1. Sitepe yoyamba ndi dzira yolks ndi shuga ndi vanila.
2. Kutenthetsa zonona.
3. Kuwonjezera gelatin mu iwo. osakaniza ndi usavutike mpaka thovu Mwamsanga, ndi mankhwala ali unakhuthala.
4. chuma ayenera kukhetsa, ntchito sieve mwachizolowezi, ndiyeno kuchotsa izo mu mufiriji.

Kumapeto kwa mphindi 25-30, mankhwala adzakhala okonzeka ntchito. Zidzatheke kusamutsa mu ayezi kirimu mbale ndi ziziwayendera ndi fillers zosiyanasiyana.

Zosintha maphikidwe

Amene akuyesera kuti muwone chithunzi ake, ntchito zonona kwambiri osafunika. Anthu amenewa ndi mmene kuti amamwa ayisikilimu mkaka. Pankhaniyi, kusiyana kwakukulu si. Kusintha yekha ndi chiŵerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu:

2 ½ makapu mkaka ayenera magalamu 200 a shuga ndi dzira yolks 4.

Dongosolo la ntchito:

1. mkaka uyenera kubweretsa kwa chithupsa ndiyeno utakhazikika kwa firiji.
2. dzira yolks mosamala pogaya ndi shuga.
3. Thirani kusakaniza mkaka ndi kuvala moto. Kutentha anali mpaka makulidwe ankafuna.
4. Unyinji chifukwa ayenera utakhazikika, ndipo kenako kutumiza mu mufiriji ora 2. izo ziyenera kusonkhezera aliyense mphindi 40 kuteteza mapangidwe timibulu lalikulu ayezi.
5. Zofewa ayisikilimu makapu ndi kukodzedwa kutumiza kachiwiri kwa yozizira koopsa komaliza.

Mu njira yomweyo iwe ukhoza kukonzekera, mwachitsanzo, chocolate ayisikilimu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, pamene usavutike mu osakaniza ayenera kuwonjezera koko ufa.