Kodi mabakiteriya angathe moyo? mabakiteriya malo

zamoyo tosaoneka ndi maso, kwambiri tizilembo timeneti pa dziko, anthu ochuluka kuposa dziko lapansi - mabakiteriya. Ichi, osachepera, chodabwitsa, kuchititsa chidwi sayansi kuyambira Kutulukira angapo kumkuza zinthu (za m'kati), iwo potsiriza anamuona anthu. Zisanachitike izi zinachitika zamoyo mabakiteriya anthu, tinganene, "pansi mphuno", koma ndiribe wina tcheru. Ndipo pachabe!

Kunayamba kale chiyambi

Iwo ndi anthu ambiri wakale wa dziko lathuli. Longstanding malo mabakiteriya - Dziko Lapansi. Mabakiteriya anali pano poyamba kwa zamoyo, monga asayansi ena, pafupifupi atatu biliyoni theka zapitazo (kuyerekezera: wa m'badwo wa Earth pafupifupi biliyoni zinayi). Ndiko kuti, ziri kulankhula, m'badwo wa tizilombo mofanana ndi zaka chikhalidwe ozungulira. Mwa njira, ndi mbiri odziwika anthu ali makumi ochepa zaka zikwizikwi. Pano ndife "mnyamata" poyerekeza ndi tizilombo izi.

Ambiri ang'ono ndi zambiri

Mabakiteriya komanso ndi zazing'ono nthumwi zonse zodziwika zinyama. chakuti maselo pafupifupi onse DNA ziri miyeso chomwecho. Koma si bakiteriya maselo. Avereji ya maselo bakiteriya ali pafupi khumi kuchulukitsa kakang'ono kuposa selo ambiri monga munthu. Chifukwa cha kakang'ono aka, nawonso ndi anthu ochuluka kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti nthaka aggregates, anthu mabakiteriya ndi zimene nambalayi okhala ngati Mwachitsanzo, anthu m'mayiko onse European.

kupirira

Nature, kulenga mabakiteriya kuti awalandira malire yaikulu, kwambiri kuposa zinyama zina kupirira. Popeza "Kwakuya amakedzana" Padziko Lapansi chinachitika masoka ambiri, ndi mabakiteriya aphunzira kupirira. Ngakhale lero, mabakiteriya malo okhala ndi osiyanasiyana, ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Tizilombo nthawi zina amapezeka m'madera Ndithu palibe zolengedwa zina sindingakhoze kukhala.

Kodi mabakiteriya angathe kukhala

Mwachitsanzo, mu otentha geysers madzi, kumene kutentha madzi kungakhale pafupifupi zana madigiri pamwamba ziro. Kapena - mu nyanja mobisa mafuta, komanso osayenera moyo nyanja acidic, nsomba kapena nyama ina iliyonse kuti yomweyo kusungunuka, - ndiko kumene mabakiteriya angathe moyo.

Asayansi amati mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya pakhale ngakhale mu mlengalenga! Mwa njira, zochokera deta izi Baibulo mmodzi wa anthu onse padziko lapansi wa zinthu zamoyo, chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha moyo pa dziko.

mikangano

Kuti tipirire zinthu zimenezi chowawa, ena mabakiteriya kupanga spores. Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi ndi wapadera, kugona, kupumula mitundu. Pamaso n'kupanga spores, mabakiteriya akuyamba adzauma, kuchotsa madzi kuchokera yokha. Iwo yafupika kukula, pamene otsala mwa chigoba chake, yokutidwa ndi zina chipolopolo chimodzi - chikhalidwe zozitetezera. Mwaichi, ndi bakiteriya akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali, m'njira monga ngati "kuyembekezera kunja" nthawi yovuta. Ndiyeno malinga ndi chilengedwe limene iwo akukhala mabakiteriya - wochezeka kapena ayi - iwo akhoza adzikonzenso luso lawo moyo wonse. Izi luso lapadera kupulumuka zinthu chowawa ankaphunzira asayansi, microbiologists.

ubiquitous

Kuti "kumene mabakiteriya moyo" akhoza anayankha zapamwamba: "Pafupifupi kulikonse," Ndicho, kuzungulira ife ndiponso mwa ife, mu mlengalenga, nthaka, madzi. Ndipo munthu aliyense tsiku amakhudzana ndi ambirimbiri a zolengedwa, popanda kuzindikira. Ena mwa iwo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi osadziwika. Pali otetezedwa kwambiri kwa thupi.

pansi

M'nthaka, kumene mabakiteriya moyo, makalatawa chiwerengero chachikulu. Apa pali zakudya zofunikira pa moyo ndi mulingo woyenera kuchuluka kwa madzi, palibe dzuwa. Ambiri mabakiteriya awa - saprophytes. Iwo nawo mapangidwe gawo chonde nthaka (humus). Apa Komabe, palinso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kafumbata, botulism, gasi chilonda ndi matenda ena. Ndiye iwo poyera kuti mpweya ndi madzi, kenako matenda anthu matenda amenewa.

Choncho nthumwi kafumbata Bacillus m'malo lalikulu, alowa thupi la dothi pa zosiyanasiyana zotupa ndi replicates mu anaerobic (mpweya wopanda) zinthu.

Mmadzi

Ngakhale kumene mabakiteriya angathe moyo, choncho m'malo amadzimadzi. Apa iwo akubwera, pamene iwo sambike nthaka ndi runoff akutsirizira mu madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi njira, mu madzi artesian ndi zochepa mabakiteriya kusiyana-pansi. A madzi opanda ku nyanja kapena mtsinje akhoza kukhala sing'anga pamene mabakiteriya moyo, ikani kufala kwa matenda ambiri oopsa: typhoid, kolera, kamwazi ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, kamwazi ndi Shigella mabakiteriya a mitundu ndi thupi limodzi ndi kuledzera kwambiri, zotupa m'mimba.

Mu mlengalenga,

Mu mlengalenga, kumene iwo angakhoze moyo mabakiteriya, iwo satero kwambiri monga m'nthaka. m'mlengalenga ndi sitepe wapakatikati mu kusamuka tizilombo, choncho sangakhale - chifukwa chosowa zakudya ndi kupanda chinyezi - ndi malo okhazikika kwa mabakiteriya. mabakiteriya kulowa mpweya ndi fumbi, m'malovu tosaoneka madzi, koma kenako - kuthetsa pamapeto pa nthaka. Komabe, m'madera amene kuli anthu ambirimbiri - lalikulu m'madera matauni Mwachitsanzo - chiwerengero cha tizilombo munali mu mlengalenga zikhoza kukhala lalikulu, makamaka m'chilimwe. Ndipo mpweya yokha atha kutumikira ngati sing'anga kumene moyo mabakiteriya, mitundu yonse ya matenda. Ena a iwo: diphtheria, akuphokosera chifuwa. Komanso TB chifukwa cha tubercle Bacillus.

pa munthu

Pa khungu anthu ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri tizilombo. Koma iwo omangidwa anagawira kudutsa ndege. Pali mabakiteriya "ankakonda" malo, koma pali mbali chokhala m'chipululu m'chipululu. Ndipo, malinga ndi asayansi, ambiri-zamoyo yaying'ono kuti moyo pa khungu la anthu amene sali njiru. M'malo mwake, iwo amagwira mtundu wa ntchito zoteteza anthu ku tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kuti wovulaza. Iwo chatsimikiziridwirapo mwasayansi kuti sterility zimabwezera chiyero - osati zabwino (kumene, mophweka malamulo a ukhondo sichinayambe zimafika). Osachepera mabakiteriya onse ndi munthu kumbuyo auricles. Mfundo zikuluzikulu kuchuluka - pa mkono wonse wakumanja (kuti iwo anali mpaka 45 mitundu). A zambiri mabakiteriya amakhala ku nembanemba wa mucous, otchedwa malo yonyowa kumene womasuka kwambiri. Mu youma (kanjedza, matako) - zikhalidwe za kukhalako si kwathunthu oyenera tizilombo.

mwaife

Malingana ndi madokotala, microbiologists, mu m'matumbo anthu ali kunyumba pafupifupi atatu makilogalamu mabakiteriya! Koma mawu a manambala - gulu lalikulu la asilikali, loti kuwonedwa. Komabe, mabakiteriya - wochenjera anansi. Mtokoma wa okhala mu thupi (ndi nyama zina) - zothandiza ndi kukhazikitsa oyandikana nawo mtendere ndi "ambuye". Ena - kuthandiza chimbudzi. Ena - ntchito chitetezo: chifukwa cha zochita zawo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamene iwo amayesa kupeza nthawi yomweyo anawonongedwa mu oimbidwa gawo. 99% ya anthu - Bifidobacterium ndi Bacteroides. A enterococci, E. coli (ndilo salembedwa tizilombo) lactobacillus - kuchokera% 1 mpaka 10. Iwo ali pansi pa zikhalidwe chowawa zingachititse zosiyanasiyana matenda, koma anthu athanzi ntchito zothandiza. Komabe pali moyo bowa zosiyanasiyana ndi staphylococci, zomwe zingathenso kukhala tizilombo. Koma makamaka thirakiti m'mimba pali bacteriological bwino, monga chirengedwe anafuna kuti amathandiza anthu thanzi pa mlingo woyenera. A tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa chitetezo chokwanira mwachilungamo mkulu sangalowerere ndi mavuto.