Gorbanevskaya Natalia: "Kuti manyazi pamaso pa ana"

Gorbanevskaya Natalia zapita mwadzidzidzi - November 30, 2013. maliro ake ku Paris limodzi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu a mayiko a ku Ulaya. Only boma la Russia sanali umaimiridwa ndi aliyense.

Natalia Gorbanevskaya: yonena wowerengeka heroine

Mu December 1969, amangidwe Natali Gorbanevskoy, anabadwa mu 1936. Aluso ndakatulo Natalia Gorbanevskaya mu 1963 maphunziro ndi luso philological wa Leningrad State University. Iye ndi ophunzira a chionetsero atakhala pa Red Square August 25, 1968 ndi nkhondo ya Czechoslovakia, woyambitsa "Msana" mabuku amene kunena zoona za zimenezi. Natalia - membala wa gulu kanthu pofuna kuteteza ufulu wa mu Soviet Union. Iye ndi mmodzi mwa oyambitsa ndi mkonzi woyamba wa "Mbiri ya Events Current", mayi wa ana awiri.

zimatayidwa ndakatulo

Iye anali ndi zaka 17 pamene Stalin atamwalira mu March 1956. Pambuyo XX Congress Party wa Communist, amene anali debunked mwambo wa Iosifa Vissarionovicha, Natalia kuyembekezera kusintha. Koma iwo womutsata, koma anamasulidwa ambiri akaidi. Ndiyeno ilo linali yimitsira wa ulimi Chihangare mu 1956, ndipo zinaonekeratu kuti kale kanthu idzasintha. Ena mizere, omwe analembedwa ndi Natalia Gorbanevskaya, ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa Hungary, anali paliponse kusindikizidwa:

Chizhi kuimba m'bandakucha.

Koma chifukwa akadzidzi kuwuluka ngati mdima,

Wotambasula mapiko mediocrity?

Aha, kuwalako wovutika nyali fulorosenti!

Dzuwa munthu obisika.

Zonse zinayamba ndi samizdat

Mu 1955 Natalia Gorbanevskaya inkakhala andakatulo Leonid Chertnova, Stanislav ndi Valentina Krasovitskogo Khromov. Ndi iwo zotheka kuchita womasuka ndi ufulu kukambirana. Ndipo Natalia analowa malo ndakatulo, pamene ine ndinayamba kulemba yokha ndi kubereka samizdat. Makina olembera anali pa mayunitsi, chotero onse pamanja. Natalia analandira makina olembera ake ndi mayi ake, iye akanakhoza kulemba timaonekera.

Kufika tsiku lina nditapita ku Anne Andreevne Ahmatovoy, Gorbanevskaya Natalia ku dzanja anakopera ndakatulo "Requiem" (archival "Chikumbutso" anapitiriza magazini yoyambirira ya ndakatulo mu samizdat kusindikizidwa N. Gorbanevskaya), ndiye wina tinalisindikizanso mu Mabaibulo angapo ndiponso anawapatsa anthu. Kugawira ndi pempho kuti abwerere osati buku la izo. Komanso kuti wina. A anagawira makope oposa zana ....

"Msana"

Mu August pempho 1968 anapangidwa ndi Republic Czechoslovak pa thandizo mwadzidzidzi, kuphatikizapo chithandizo asilikali, polingalira kuopseza dongosolo zokomera alipo mu dziko.

Zochita kwambiri yolimbana ndi olusa a Czechoslovakia, anali ntchitoyo Natalia Gorbanevskaya. Zinali KUKHALA-pansi chionetsero ndi mbendera ndi mbendera. Pa tsiku limenelo, pa pachitsanzo Natalia anali ndi mwana wake 3-miyezi, Joseph.

Kunyumba Gorbanevskaya Natalya anagona pansi pa kama samizdat. Choyamba anafufuza nyumba yake unachitikira yomweyo pambuyo chitsanzocho n'kulanda katundu lonse la samizdat. Kufufuza chachiwiri kunachitidwa pa tsiku la atanyamuka kwa Pavel Litvinov ndi Larisa mu Usugli Bogoras mu Chuny. Anthu amene anachita mufufuze Natalia, molondola ankakhulupirira kuti mwayi abwenzi apindulira pa izi samizdat nthawi. Kuchokera Maulendo a Natalia kwambiri: "Ndinali ndi chikwama chachikulu ndi thumba. Ndipo pafupifupi buku lonse kudziletsa kufalitsa Ine apangidwe mu thumba, ndi kuika chikwama pang'ono. Ndipo pamene adafika kufufuza ine, choyamba iwo ankafufuza chikwama, ndipo kenako kuyendera Sofa. Ndinaika thumba pansi. The mphasa sanapeze chilichonse, kwambiri ku chipinda chachikulu, komwe mayi anga anakhala ndi ana. Lyuba Alekseeva amene anali kufufuza wanga, kuika m'thumba kumbuyo pa bedi ndipo anataya ake zovala. Ndipo chifukwa chake thumba lonse ili la samizdat anapulumuka. "

December 25, 1969 anali kumangidwa Natali Gorbanevskoy. Mfundo yaikulu ya milandu anali "analemba buku" Msana "ndi" kusintha pulogalamu pa nkhani ya "Chronicle zimene zikuchitika". Iwo anapatsidwa udindo wa "zachibwana" ndipo anatumizidwa mankhwala mokakamizidwa.

Mu 1972 emigration kuti Soviet Union mu pachimake, koma anamasulidwa Gorbanevskaya Natalia wasankha kuti asapite kulikonse ku USSR. "Ine sanali kupita kulikonse. Ine ndimati kukhala wofatsa, ndipo mwachinsinsi kwambiri kuchita zimene ndingathe. "

Mu 1974 anadwala khunyu, kenako athamangitsidwe wa Solzhenitsyn. Natalia Gorbanevskaya: "Pambuyo ndinamangidwa ndinali nyumba Solzhenitsyn, monga Andrey Dmitrievich Saharov. The nyumba anali ambiri anthu. Ndiye Andrei foni ndi ena malemba, ndi ife tonse amene anali kumeneko mu bwalo, ngati lemba yosainidwa. Choncho nthawi yoyamba Ndinalankhula pagulu. Kenaka Ine anasaina kalata thandizo la Leonid Plyushch, amene anali pa spetslechenie mu Dnepropetrovsk. Ine sankakhoza kulemba kalata, chifukwa iye woyesedwa zikuipiraipirabe kuposa ine mu Kazan. Kenaka tinaona kuti ngati ine chizindikiro chinachake kuti lachitatu, ndilibe kutuluka. "

"Kuti manyazi pamaso pa ana awo ..."

Kumapeto kwa 1975 Gorbanevskaya Natalia pamodzi ndi ana ake awiri anasiya Soviet Union ndipo anasamukira France.

Pa kuwafunsa, wapolisiyo ina anafunsa Natalie chifukwa anachita nawo zionetsero ndipo analandira yankho: "Kuti kutsogolo kwa ana analibe manyazi. Ine sindikunena kuti aliyense anayenera kuchita izo, koma ndi manyazi imeneyi ndinkatha kuchita zimenezo. "