Góra (dziko): Akale ndi Ano

Kodi mwamvapo za anthu otchedwa "Gurans"? "Dziko? Kodi mtundu "? - inu mwina. Mawu amenewa anaitenga ku chinenero Buryat. Choncho iwo amachitcha mbawala yamphongo. The Mongolia, Evenki, Kalmyks ndi anthu ena otchedwa Altai awa nyama wachisomo ndi mawu akuti "mphunzitsi". Choncho ichi kwa anthu, limene nkomwe aliyense akudziwa?

nkhani

Zoonadi palibe amene anganene chimodzimodzi pamene m'dera Trans-Baikal, ku Altai Gawo, woyamba Russian ofufuza. Koma chinthu chimodzi chimene ndikuchita: inali nthawi yaitali kwambiri, ndiyeno panali anthu otchedwa "Gurans". Mtundu, izi zinali zotsatira za zosiyanasiyana pachibale. Itatha yoyamba Russian anakhazikika m'dera lino m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, ndipo anakhala ndi moyo mwa anthu m'deralo, yemwe ndi Evenki ndi Buryats, kenako anaphatikizana nawo, mwayesera kutewera miyambo ndi awo - mawu, panatenga miyambo ya chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa Altai. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo musaiwale chinenero chawo ndi Musataye abwino Asilavo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chawo ndi moyo, pa nthawi, kukhala mbali zonse Russian ndi Buryat-Eveno.

Komano, ndi osamuka Russian anabweretsa kwa miyoyo ya anthu a Transbaikalia zatsopano chibadidwe njira Asilavo a moyo ndi chikhalidwe, monga ulimi, zomangamanga m'tauni, etc. Choncho, m'madera amenewa anayamba kupanga mtundu watsopano wa anthu a magazi wosanganiza - .. Góra, amene dziko anali zovuta kudziwa. Iwo anali mix wa mafuko awiri - Mongoloid ndi European, ndipo mu m'badwo wachinayi.

magwero

Malinga ndi mbiri ya kale m'zaka za m'ma 18 Gurans anakhalapo kuno. Dziko (mbiri umboni izi) anali konse mwalamulo atsopano. Ndi, kani, ndi fuko. Nthawi zina mawu akuti "Guran" chinaoneka monga dzina lakuti anthu amene makolo a mafuko osiyana ndi anthu, mwa iwo Buryats, Mongolia, Evenki, Manchus ndipo, ndithudi, Russian. Koma chifukwa gulu mitundu anadziwika monga choncho osati mwinamwake?

Trans-Baikal Cossacks anali wadzipangira yozizira zipewa wa mwamuna ubweya roe nswala, yomwe anthu zakwawoko otchedwa guranami. Komabe, anasiya nyanga, ndi kusaka, kulowa nyama anazunza wonyenga. Monga mukudziwa, m'madera amenewa nyengo yaitali, kotero Cossacks ankavala zipewa awa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo iwo anayamba kuzindikira ndi roe lapansi.

dziko kapena fuko - Gurans ndi ndani?

Poganizira nkhani izi mpaka ndi maganizo. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chimodzi, mwakusakaniza kapena interpenetration wa ethnicities angapo kumachitika osati kutha kwa zaka, komanso zikamera wa gulu latsopano mitundu. Kumene, sizingatheke, koma dera Trans-Baikal ndi abwino kwa ndondomekoyi. Choncho chifukwa cha pophatikizana ya anthu imeneyi Buryat, Evenki ndi Russian, mtundu watsopano wa anthu wamba, amene si lofanana ndi loyambali, kapena wachiwiri, kapena wachitatu. Ndipo si umboni wakuti Gurans - mtundu (onani chithunzi m'nkhani)? Komabe, "Encyclopedia wa Transbaikalia" zokhudza anthu zotero. Guran (mtundu) ndi ikhale mtundu am'deralo, zochokera magulu atatu mitundu: ndi Buryat, Evenkiyskiy ndi Russian. Mwa njira, mawu ndi zina m'malo mwa mawu Zabaikalets.

Nkhani zinachitikira Khabarov

Pali nthano ina magwero a mtundu anapatsidwa. Tsiku lina mu mochedwa yozizira Russian wapaulendo ndi wofufuza Erofey Khabarov anadutsa Baikal. Iye anali atakwera sled ndi chitsogozo kutsogolo kwa convoy lapansi. Ndiyeno momwe iwo kudula wothamanga kwambiri footed nswala, kenako kuthamangitsa zina zachirendo mwamuna wamng'ono zovala ubweya. Khabarov coachman anafunsa kuti: Kodi ndani? Ndipo iye ankaganiza kuti mbuye wake ali mu malingaliro kuthamanga n'kupitirira nyama, anati Guran.

mafotokozedwe

Mu m'nthano za anthu am'deralo, mukhoza kupeza mwatsatanetsatane kufotokoza Gurans akuluakulu a fuko. mtundu wawo, ngakhale palibepo pa mapasipoti, koma wachokera ku fuko kulankhula makhalidwe. Choyamba, iwo akhoza kupeza kuti sanakonde. Iwo sali chabe, chikondi, ndi mzimu wamphamvu Cossack. Koma makhalidwe mwangwiro kunja, ndi maso a iwo poluraskosye, cheekbones ali ku Mongolia, ndi maso a mtundu akhoza kukhala lowala ngakhale buluu. Khungu lawo ndi mdima ndipo makamaka wakuda tsitsi. Mwa njira, anthu a mtundu wosanganiza ngati American Indians. Mawu, ine ndimayang'ana pa iwo zosowa kwambiri, ndi predominance ya zisonyezo za mtundu Mongoloid. Komanso, guranov minofu bwino akupangidwa ali kugawa mwangwiro waluso pa masewera a karati. Panthawiyo, anthu a m'gulu limeneli mitundu kumbuyo malire a Siberia ku anawazunza ya anthu oyandikana - Chinese ndi asilikaliwa.

Gurans: dziko, modernity

Kuyambira mawu okha oimira mtundu uwu, iwo tsopano pafupifupi anasunga miyambo ya makolo awo, okhala kudera Trans-Baikal. Iwo kuona kuti ndi zoposa Russian, koma musaiwale kuti magazi ukuyenda mwa iwo Guran. Oimira mtundu ali miyambo yambiri, nthano ndi nkhani za moyo wa makolo awo. Mwa kuphunzira iwo, inu mukudziwa zomwe kukhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe Russian ndi zovuta. Buryat kapena Evenkiyskiy (Tunguska) ndi pafupifupi kwina. Kuchokera pa ichi, inu mukudziwa kuti izi ndi anthu osiyana, ndi zinthu zapadera chibadidwe izo. Koma Russian ethnographer Nikolai Yadrintsev ndinaganiza Gurans - si mtundu, koma wapadera "dera mtundu" svoeystvennymi ndi nkhope yake khalidwe.

A chisakanizo cha magazi woyera ndi wachikasu

Kumene, ndi chisakanizo cha mitundu. Mongoloid, zafala monga chikasu, ndi European, ngakhale mithunzi osiyana a khungu, amaona woyera. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti guranami choyambirira anaitana anthu amene anachokera kusanganikirana Cossacks Russian ndi amphawi ku Tungus. Kenako dzina ili linali lofika aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro ngati Caucasoid (woyera) ndi Mongoloid (Mongoloid) mpikisano. Komabe, ichi palibe mestizo wamba, kutanthauza anthu amene akuchitira chilemba cha mibadwo.

Dyrovery - Transbaikalia chikumbumtima!

Monga tanenera kale, kuchita Gurans poona kuti ndine Russian kuposa Buryats kapena Tungus, koma ndi chidwi kudziwa chikhulupiriro zimati Udindo, kodi kapena amene akhulupirira. Mu Transbaikalia m'zaka zapitazi, pali zipembedzo zambiri Mkhristu. Pa nthawi yomweyo zinalengedwa osati azamulungu, nanyamuka zokha. Komabe, ena mwa iwo tikuona zakutchire. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri Gurans dyroverami. Iwo sanalambire mafano, ndi mabowo poganiza kuti, akuganizira za thambo kudzera mabowo izi, iwo kupeza mphamvu. Okhulupirira awa moyo mobisika ndi ena, kukwatira mwa iwo wokha, ndi wowuma mtima, wokonda moyo wodzimana moyo. Iwo anali wokhoza kusunga magazi awo, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo.