Chiwerengero cha Orsk: anthu, ntchito makamaka

Orsk wakale mzinda Russian ali ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. Mu malo awa ife nthawizonse ndinkakhala mtima, olimbika pa ntchito ndi anthu amtendere. M'mbiri yonse ya anthu mzinda wa Orsk anthu unakula, koma lero zinthu zasintha. Yesetsani kumvetsa mmene muli maonekedwe a anthu a malo amenewa, zimene iwo amchita, ndi mmene iwo akukhala.

malo Hrs

Pa mphambano ya Europe ndi Asia, mu Urals kum'mwera, mabodza m'tauni ya Orsk. Malowa ali pamtunda pa confluence a mtsinje Ori mtsinje Ural. Chiwerengero cha Orsk moyo pa magombe awiri a Urals - ndi European ndi Asia. M'madera pafupi mitsinje amalembedwa lathyathyathya mtunda. Ndipo mu gawo limene aikidwa pa otsetsereka a kum'mawa kwa kum'mwera kwa mapiri a Ural, chogwidwa ndi mtunda mapiri. m'dera mzinda wa mamita lalikulu 621. Km. Distance kwa Moscow - pang'ono kuposa 15 zikwi makilomita .. Ndi pakati dera Orenburg - pafupifupi 250 Km. City bwino madzi ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana anapereka.

nyengo

Orsk ili mu zone ya nyengo zikuchepa chokhala. Choncho, mzinda amakhala ndi ozizira, motalika yozizira, ndi otentha, zambiri youma yotentha. Kusiyana kutentha pakati nyengo amapanga digiri 85. Chilimwe kumatenga za 3 miyezi, kuyambira June kuti September oyambirira. Panthawi imeneyi, mvula pang'ono, kawirikawiri chilala. Kutentha ambiri July ndi madigiri 21 Celsius. Zima chimakhala cha m'ma November mpaka m'ma April. Chisanu chivundikiro kumatenga pafupifupi 140 masiku chaka. Kutentha pafupifupi kudera madigiri 12 opanda mu January. Spring ndi kugwa mu malo yochepa. Spring mphepo zambiri, pali snowmelt mofulumira, osefukira zimachitika.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

Anthu oyamba a m'dera la Orsk ano anaonekera m'nyengo Paleolithic. Komabe, zikalata likutsimikizira kuli pano midzi kwamuyaya m'njira iliyonse kumeneko. Ndipo pali kokha zokumbidwa pansi kutsimikizira kuti kuno nthawi anthu mafuko osiyanasiyana.

Chikalata kukhazikitsidwa tsiku Orsk m'nkhani 1731, pamene anakhazikitsidwa mu Orenburg ndi Orsk Patapita linga. A odziwika bwino Russian malo, IK Kirillov walunjika maulendowa, amene anaika pa mpanda. Malo achitetezo anali yabwino kwambiri: mitsinje awiri anali wamkulu wa zamalonda, ndipo walola phiri zabwino kuteteza nyumbayi. Mu masiku amenewo, unachitikira kufupi ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia ufumu pa gombe lina la Mtsinje moyo Chikazaki mafuko, ndiwo zina si mantha kuti apindule pa gawo Russian.

Pafupi phiri limene linga anali kumangidwa, wanga anapezeka miyala siliva, komanso madipoziti yaikulu ya mwala, kuphatikizapo wotchuka Orsk yasipi. Mu mzinda wokhala ulendo, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kuphunzira subsoil m'deralo. V. Tatishchev, amene mwachidule anatsogolera ulendo, ankayesetsa kuti chitukuko cha mzinda. Pamene anamanga mpingo matabwa anakhazikitsa Customs kwa ntchito ndi amalonda ku Asia ndi Kazakhstan. Chiwerengero cha Orsk mwakhama kufufuza dziko m'dera ng'ombe anamuukitsa, chinkhoswe mu ulimi. Mu mzinda pakhala zambiri anthu odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo mamembala a banja lachifumu.

Mu zaka za m'ma 20, anayamba kukhala makampani, koma weniweni mafakitale yojambula anabwela pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pamene apa ikuluikulu mabizinezi mafakitale anasamutsidwa. Nkhondo itatha, mzinda chasanduka mu mafakitale tawuni lililonse Urals. Mu postreorganization nthawi anayamba uka mavuto ndalama anachititsa zoola makampani. Lero, zinthu zayamba kuyenda bwino pang'ono, ngakhale mlingo kale kupanga akadali kutali.

anthu

Amadziwika kuti 1866 mu Orsk anthu anthu za 3 zikwi. Werengani anthu Orsk mwadongosolo inayamba mu 1897. Ndiye anakhala pano anthu 14 sauzande. Woyamba chogwirika zabwino kulumpha chiwerengero cha anthu a mumzinda zinachitika mu 30 oyambirira, pamene Orsk akuyamba mafakitale ndi makampani anamanga ikuluikulu mafakitale. The chachiwiri Kuwonjezeka chinalembedwa mu zaka unawonongedwa, pamene ntchito pa anthu othawa kwawowo ambiri ndi otsala zomera amabwera ambiri ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito.

Mu zaka wotsatira, anthu Soviet Orsk ndi pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukula. Liwiro kuwonjezeka anthu chikuchitika mu zaka za perestroika. Ndipo mu 1989, ngakhale analemba azimuth zoipa chiwerengero cha anthu. Popeza 90s mochedwa umayamba kuchepa anthu Orsk zikwi zingapo pachaka. Kumayambiriro a 2016 mu mzinda wa anthu 231.000 moyo. Orsk ali malo 87th chiwerengero cha anthu a m'mizinda yonse Russian.

Administrative magawano ndi kugawa anthu

Loyang'anira kugawikana kwa mzinda, unakhazikitsidwa mu 2013, limatchula zigawo zitatu: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky ndi Soviet. Ngakhale ambiri amakonda muchigawane onse pawiri: Chakale ndi Chatsopano Town. Orsk anthu amakhala lalikulu zokwanira, osalimba ndi anthu 409 pa kilometre lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu Orenburg, chithunzi ichi ndi kawiri monga mkulu. okhala yogawa m'goli m'madera. Choncho, mtsogoleri anthu ndi chigawo Oktyabrsky, ndi awiri ena m'dera pafupifupi wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu.

chuma mzindawo

Kuyambira Soviet, mu Orsk bwino anayamba zitsulo kapangidwe mafakitale. Ndi ntchito chomera lalikulu kwa processing wa mkuwa ndi golide ores, ndi chomera lalikulu kwa kupanga mipope. Orsk zachokera ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu zomera katundu wa zomangamanga - ORMETO-YUMZ.

Komanso, anthu a Orsk bwinobwino ntchito mu makampani akuluakulu zotsimikizira, pa zokambiranazi ndi kuyenga. chuma oposa theka mzindawo zachokera mafakitale muzochitika sanali mafakitale zatenga za 48%. Mzindawu uli bwino anayamba malonda ndi dera utumiki, zimene zimapereka malawi omasuka nzika. Panopa mavuto azachuma akadali kungasokoneze chuma cha Orsk, kufooka kupanga mu makampani akuluakulu a mumzindawo, zikubweretsa ndalama kuchepetsedwa ndi mfundo m'munsi moyo Orcia.

ntchito

Employment Center (Orsk) amachititsa polojekiti mosalekeza za moyo ulova. Chithunzi boma ndi 1.4%, amene wonse aikidwa mu mawerengero pafupifupi kwa dziko. Koma vuto ndi wa posachedwapa kuchepekela mlingo ulova susonyeza kwenikweni zinthu. Koposa mumzinda sapita ku katundu kuwombola kufufuza ntchito, chifukwa iwo alibe ndekha chiyembekezo chilichonse. zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu Orsk limanena kuti muyezo wa chikhalidwe yafupika kwambiri ndi kuti ulova mwamwayi kumatenga za 3-4% ya maonekedwe. The mavuto waukulu mu dera la ntchito Orsk likufuna otsika kwa anthu ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa akazi, wazaka zapakati, amene ntchito mumzinda ndi pafupifupi kumeneko.

zomangamanga Orsk

Mzindawu uli zoyendera chitetezo chabwino. Chitadutsa njanji, akuthamanga udindo mayiko a ndege. Khalidwe misewu mu Orsk ali ndinasintha zaposachedwapa, ngakhale vuto chotipinga, komanso m'dziko lonselo kumeneko. Chiwerengero cha Orsk bwino kupereka mabizinezi ndi maphunziro, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe. mzinda nthawi zonse ntchito nyumba yatsopano, pamene nyumba mitengo ndithu mkulu, ngakhale kuti malipiro mu Orsk Aperewera anthu.

Chabwino anayamba mu dera la chikhalidwe thupi ndi masewera kusangalala. Zomangamanga wa mzinda limapereka anthu omasuka malo okwanira, koma vuto lalikulu - otsika ndalama - sikuti kulola anthu kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo izi zonse. Center kwa anzawo a anthu a Orsk limanena kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu ofuna thandizo chifukwa chakuti revenues ndi kuchepetsedwa mu chaka chatha.

Makhalidwe zaziwerengero wa anthu Orsk

Kubadwa ndi imfa mitengo - awiri zizindikiro chofunika kwambiri umoyo wa mzinda uliwonse. Orsk, Chiwerengerochi ndi zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Choncho, chonde mu osachepera mlingo pafupifupi imfa ya 800 pa chaka. Ataliatali phindu anthu pang'ono amachepetsa kukula kwa vuto, m'chaka cha anthu 800 kufika pa wamba, koma pali ukalamba mwapang'onopang'ono anthu. Anthu ntchito ya Orsk kuzungulira 59% chonse cha anthu, ntchito zaka - za 23% a msinkhu wogwira ntchito ndi wamng'ono - 18%. Chiwerengero cha ntchito zaka akazi yandikulira amuna 5000.