Abashevskaya chidole: momwe manja anu

Nthawi zina anthu onse, kuyambira ndi osatukuka mpaka pano, iye anali limodzi ndi zidole. Poyamba, awa anali mafano wosazindikira wa milungu imene anthu ankalambira, koma pang'onopang'ono iwo anayamba kukhala ndi kuchereza khalidwe kwa ana.

Abashevskaya chidole m'malo "mnyamata", mtundu wa luso wowerengeka ali ndi zaka 200 zokha, koma ali ndi mbiri ndi makamaka "kulembetsa".

Mbiri ya zidole dongo

Mbiya inayambira Kale, kotero tipeze yemwe ndi nthawi yoyamba mu zatsalira mawerengeredwe dongo mbale anayamba kupanga ndi zithunzi kuphika cha anthu ndi nyama, ndi zosatheka. Abashevskaya zidole dongo wotchedwa choncho chifukwa chake "chiyambi" wa m'mudzi momwemo m'chigawo Spassky a m'chigawo Penza.

Mudzi Abashevo ambiri mabanja chinkhoswe mu kupanga ziwiya, koma minda 12 akuchita zidole kuti ankafuna zitsulo.

Ena ojambula zithunzi adalira pa miyambo yakale, koma pali anthu ena amene chimabweretsa mitundu yatsopano kwathunthu, amene opatsirana m'banja ku mibadwomibadwo. Abashevskaya chidole, mbiri ya amene zokhudza mbiri ya m'mudzi, anatha 'lidzapulumuka "ndi kusunga chizindikiro chawo mpaka pano.

Mudzi Abashevo

Anthu ambiri a m'mudzi amamatira ku okhulupirira Old. Kupewa kulankhulana ndi osakhulupirira, schismatics osankhidwa maganizo a anthu ndi ntchito zamanja, amene angathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ammudzi. Iwo anali malamulo okhwima ndithu kuti Kwalamulidwa kupewa osakhulupirira onse pa mlingo wa chiyanjano pakati pa munthu ndi makhalidwe banja.

chipembedzo chawo umaonekera whistles ndi, "khadi" amene wakhala chidole mu mawonekedwe Abashevskaya nswala mkulu monga makwerero kumwamba, nyanga. Ambiri a zolinga za Asitoreti dongo nyama opanda pake, lomwe kuyambira nthawi zakale kwa Asilavo limaimira mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo:

• mbalame - ndi zabwino zonse, chisangalalo;
• kavalo limaimira dzuwa;
• Chimbalangondo - mphamvu, mphamvu ndi mphamvu;
• nkhosa ndi ng'ombe - chizindikiro cha kubereka;
• Deer - wochuluka.

Abashevskaya chidole (chithunzi izo zimanyezimiritsa) kawirikawiri anachita ndi ambuye a anthu, kufotokoza maganizo a wolemba kwa dziko. Mwachitsanzo, dona limaimira atsikana m'tawuni opusa mu zipewa zoseketsa, ndi chiŵerengero cha akuluakulu kawirikawiri anachita monga chithunzi cha wapolisi kapena wapolisi. Ngati iwo anali m'manja mwa mbalame, kutanthauza kuti aboma ali akuba.

Mu zaka za m'ma 20 Abashevskaya chidole wakhala yotchuka zisudzo zake inachitika osati Moscow komanso London ndi Paris.

mbali chosiyana Abashevo zidole

A mwapadera zidole ku mudzi Abashevo yomweyo chimasiyanitsa iwo kuchokera ambiri yonse ya handicrafts kupangidwa ndi m'misili ochokera m'madera ena. Elongated thupi ndi khosi yakusatetezeka yaitali ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono mutu anali chimake cha dziko ambuye zodabwitsa Larion Zotkina. Mu zaka za m'ma 20, izo kale athanzi monga mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa dothi dudochek wa Abashevo.

Ngakhale onse "otchuka" Abashevo ambuye kuzindikira ndithu, iwo ali zina wosangalatsa:

• elongated thupi nyama yakusatetezeka ndi likunena pa miyendo yake ndi yaifupi amatangaza;
• yaitali wandiweyani khosi kutha ndi mutu waung'ono;
• bwinobwino kwambiri kudula ndi diso;
• mutu wa mbuzi, mphalapala, ng'ombe zamphongo, nkhosa zamphongo mbali yaikulu, nyanga zambiri Mipikisano tiered;
• mizere bwino mabang'i, manes ndi ndevu.

Mu mawonekedwe Abashevskaya chidole ngati kupenta thanthwe, pamene anthu yakale basi kuphunzira kutchula dziko kupyolera zojambula. Animal antlers amaimira mtengo wa moyo, ndi m'michira yawo Muolowetsa mukufuna podudet msampha kuyamba kulankhula "." Ambuye zochitika Abasheva konse sculpted ndi moyo, sanapereke zamanja awo kuyenda. Onse mwamphamvu "ataima" pa miyendo, kufanizira mizu yolimba ndi amayi Earth.

Chifukwa chakuti mtundu uwu wa luso wowerengeka anali anaikira m'mudzi umodzi, iye anaika maziko zikamera wa achepetse ambuye.

Mafumu Abashevo ambuye

Zotkin mafumu, ndi ambuye ambiri wotchuka wa zidole dongo, anayamba Akinfy Frolovich, anabadwa mu 1883, ndipo mchimwene wake Larion. zidzukulu zawo ali moyo lero ndi kupitiriza miyambo ya makolo awo.

Iwo Larion Zotkin mu 20-30s anapereka "latsopano" moyo Abashevo chidole. mudzi ngakhale wakhala bungwe mbiya munalidi gulu. ntchito yake anapanga maziko a ntchito za otsatira ake. Abashevskaya chidole (chithunzi limasonyeza kuti) ali kowonera zakale zokha, koma osati zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kwawo m'mudzi ntchito Zotkin mafumu. Iwo ali mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Penza, Sergiyev Posad ndi kusonkhanitsa payekha.

Mwa maina ena otchuka Zuzenkovyh mafumu, Malyshev, Eskin, Nagaeva ndi ena. Mbadwo watsopano uliwonse wabweretsa masomphenya ake ndi chifaniziro Abashevo zidole.

Konzani dongo

Pamaso kuganiza mmene wakhungu Abashevo chidole amafuna chisamaliro chapadera kuti linaperekedwa kwa yokonza dongo ntchito. M'zaka za m'ma 19 ulimi wa sukulu chofunika dongo nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi chiopsezo moyo. Iwo unakonzedwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi katundu kwa miyezi.

Lero, dongo angathe kumwedwa kwa miyala, kapena kugula ku sitolo. Ngati dothi ku malo a ulimi, wopanda zina kupanga, ayenera Pre-zouma. Kenako, dongo ndi kuuluka, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi chiŵerengero cha 1/3.

Nkofunika kuti misa anali popanda apezeka. zakuthupi kuchepetsedwa Uzisiyira nthawi mchenga ndi zosafunika ena zakhazikika pansi pa beseni.

Choncho oyera dongo ayenera thicken pang'ono pamaso pa mlingo chiyeso ravioli, ndiyeno mosamala knead manja, kuchotsa mpweya owonjezera. Kuti muone chivomerezocho za dothi ntchito, amasonyeza mpukutu "soseji" ndi unakhota pang'onopang'ono mu horseshoe lapansi. Ngati iye sapereka ming'alu, mukhoza kuyamba mawerengeredwe.

zidole mawerengeredwe Abashevo

Lero, mmodzi mwa njira ya chitukuko cha luso galimoto la manja, m'maganizo ndi chidwi zamanja wowerengeka mu ana ndi kuwaphunzitsa sculpt mafanowa ndi dothi ndi dongo. Kuyambira ndi ambiri kumodzi ndi zomveka ana "zikondamoyo" ndi "soseji" anapanga thope, mungasonyezere iwo momwe sculpt Abashevo chidole magawo:

• Clay n'kuukanda zala zake Kumalimbikitsa chuma ndi kuupereka elasticity.
• Ku mtanda wa dongo yokulungira "soseji" ndi wandiweyani, ngati mapeto karoti.
• Mbali thicker wa Ikani akusowekapo pakati pa kukula kwake anamaliza chipika matabwa, umene kusiya opanda mkati zidole akufunika kuti wenzulo lapansi.
• The kumtunda kwa bala workpiece dongo kupinda - adzakhala khosi la nyama imene mapeto yaing'ono umapangidwa kuipanikiza.
• Pa thunthu kuchotsa mtanda, kachitidwe kakang'ono miyendo wandiweyani, ndi "mchira" kukokera mipope cholankhulira.
• Kupanga mabowo pa mbali za thupi paipi muluzi

Mukhoza amaunjika cutouts osati maso, komanso "ubweya", chapakamwa, zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsera. Ana okulirapo akhoza sculpt nyanga zawo, ana kosavuta kuyamba ndi agalu ndi amphaka, amene amadziwa. Chotero chidole ndi zosangalatsa kuchita, osati mwana. Achinyamata ambiri ayamba kuchita luso mbiya, mtundu umene uli Abashevskaya chidole.

Yowotcha ndi kupenta

Pambuyo mankhwala wauma, ziyenera pansi calcination. The ambuye akale ntchito ng'anjo iyi wapadera - wozungulira m'ng'anjo ya njerwa refractory. The mulingo wa ng'anjo awa anali 1.5 mamita m'lifupi ndipo 2 m mu msinkhu, ndi kamodzi Abashevo pafupifupi bwalo Wampekera tsiku anatentha kuchita mbale kapena zidole olimba.

Kuti zidole si losweka, shards awo obkladyvali, ndi mbaula ankalimbikitsa kukhulupirira zopita ndi thundu kapena matabwa birch. Pambuyo kuwombera, siteji yotsatira, umene unachitikira Abashevskaya chidole - chekeni. Iwo amakhala ndi kuzindikira ndi mitundu yonse ya kupenta - ndi chotsirizidwa ndi ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza olimba a mitundu yowala monochrome. Opanga m'ma 19 ntchito glaze, koma chifukwa chakuti panali mafuta utoto, zapita kwa iwo.

Wosanjikiza lokutidwa wa utoto mafuta, adzauma kanjedza, ndiye anajambula ndi zinthu zazing'ono sitepe chatha TACHIMATA ndi varnish. Mkubwela kwa enamel kufunika varnishing mbisoweka.

Mu masiku ano mbiya uvuni zimachitika mofulumira ndi chitetezo kwambiri mankhwala, ndipo ntchito dongo, kugula m'masitolo zapaderazi, palibe mosavuta kusiyana ndi kumvetsa mmene kuti Abashevo chidole ndi manja awo.

Museum Abashevo

Kudzera mwa okonda ndi amisiri okhala lero mu Abashevo, panyumba zakale Zotkin anakonza Museum zidole dothi. Zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga ambuye wa 19 - m'ma 20, ndi amene kubala zidole munda, ndipo kenako fakitale.

Chitsitsimutso Abashevo nsomba

Mwapadera zidole Abashevo chitsitsimutso thumba amasamalira mwambo mabwana akale anapitirizabe moyo. Maziko limalimbikitsa achinyamata kuti chidwi ndi mtundu wa zojambulajambula, limene anatsegula Dipatimenti mu Spassky College - ". Zoumbaumba katswiri"