Tower Bridge ku London: kufotokoza, mbiri, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Bridge Tower Bridge ndi imodzi mwa makadi malonda a London ndi UK wonse pa ndime ndi BUCKINGHAM Palace ndi wheel "London Diso" Ferris. Age dongosolo anadutsa zaka zana limodzi. Komabe, mlatho akadali wokongola, tikuyamba ndi chidwi kwa anthu, komanso ntchito kwambiri ndi ntchito yake pachiyambi.

Location mlatho

Tower Bridge mu London (Tower Bridge mu English) kawirikawiri kusokonezedwa ndi London, limene lili pamwamba pake pang'ono mtsinje. Kunja, nyumba awiri awa mwamtheradi si ofanana, koma chifukwa malo awo ndi chisokonezo. Ndipotu, pa kutchulidwa kwa mlatho woyamba pang'ono ndithu kuganizira dzina lake ndi onse zimaonekeratu. Tower ndi dzina lake chifukwa chakuti lili pafupi yomweyo ya nthandala pa gombe kumpoto kwa mtsinjewu Nsanja ya London. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu inu mukhoza kuwona London Bridge.

Location amayang'anira: 51 ° 30'20 "ndi. yakumadzulo. 0 ° 04'30 "W. d. Tower Bridge ndi malo aakulu. Kuyambira mazenera waukulu wa zomera wake ndi maganizo wowoneka wa mzinda ndi inawomba nyumba yaitali kuzindikira dzina "nkhaka" Ndipo nyumbayo Shard. Anatembenuka maso ake kum'mawa, mukhoza kuona Greenwich Observatory ndi doko St. Catherine.

Tower Bridge: Kufotokozera

Mlatho ndi drawbridge ndi kupachikidwa pa nthawi yomweyo. m'litali ndi 244 mamita ndipo m'lifupi pazipita (pa chikhato chapakati) ukufika 61 m. The gawo apakatikati mlatho lagawidwa mapiko zochotsa awiri, omwe zimalemera matani oposa chikwi. Pakuti ndime ya sitima akubwera mtsinjewu iwo akhoza adzaukitsidwa pa makona a madigiri 83. Pa zogwiriziza wapakatikati mlatho anaika nsanja 65 mamita mkulu. Pa mlingo pamwamba pa kulumikiza awo mayendedwe awiri. Iwo apangidwa kutsutsa yopingasa mphamvu mavuto amene analenga gawo inaimitsidwa mlatho Tower Bridge pa dziko. M'tsinde mwa aliyense nsanja anaika onsewo makina.

Panopa chiwembu mtundu mlatho (buluu ndi zoyera) anavomerezedwa mu 2010. Izi zisanachitike, iye sichinasinthe kuyambira 1977, pamene ulemu wa chisangalalo siliva wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II kapangidwe utoto mitundu itatu: buluu, ofiira ndi oyera.

Sitimayo mlatho ndi lotseguka kwa magalimoto, ndi oyenda pansi. Komabe, nsanja amapasa, njanji pa mlingo wapamwamba zipinda injini ya nyengo zamunthawi ya Victoria ndi mbali ya Tower Bridge Exhibition. Choonera zithunzi izi ndi zotheka ndi matikiti.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Theka lachiwiri la zana la 19 zinali zodzaza ndi chitukuko cha dera ndi kuwuka kwa Mapeto East. Oyenda ndi magalimoto Kukwera Akavalo kuchuluka kangapo mogwirizana ndi izi kukhwima gulu la ankawoloka Thames kum'mawa kwa London Bridge. Mu 1870, pansi pa mtsinje ngalande anaika Tower Sabuweyi. Monga yapansi, anachita m'kanthawi kochepa ndipo kenako anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu oyenda pansi. Tsopano ili madzi chachikulu. Choncho, m'ngalande Sichinatsitsidwe vutoli, choncho mu 1876 komiti yapadera motsogozedwa ndi Sir A.D.Altmana, amene anali kupeza njira ankawoloka mtsinje unakhazikitsidwa.

Komiti analengeza mpikisano, zimene zinabweretsa limodzi ntchito zoposa 50. Wopambana analengeza mu 1884, koma kenako kumanga mlatho Tower Bridge (English - Tower Bridge). Yomanga analamulidwa ndi oyendetsera nyumba ya malamulo mu 1885. Iye adatanthauzira kukula kwa mlatho, komanso kamangidwe kalembedwe - Gothic.

Kumanga mlatho

Ntchito yomanga mlatho wotchedwa pambuyo Tower inayamba mu 1886 ndipo zinatha zaka eyiti. Panthawi imeneyi, ife anatenga gawo mu ndondomeko ya kampani asanu lalikulu D. Jackson, Baron Armstrong, William Webster, H. Bartlett ndi W. Arorol. Pantchitoyo a anthu 432 anali nawo. The mtengo okwana mlatho pa nthawi anakwana 1184 zikwi. Mapaundi. Kumangidwa anatenga zoposa 11 sauzande. Tonnes chitsulo.

Official kutsegula Bridge Tower Bridge zinachitika pa June 30, 1894 pa mwambo nawo Kalonga wa Wales (adzakhale Mfumu Edward VII) ndi mkazi wake Alexandra la Denmark.

Kale mu zaka zoyambirira za mlathowu ake ntchito pakati pa nsanja ya mlatho unayamba mbiri chonyansa monga pogona kwa pickpockets ndi mahule. Popeza kawirikawiri ntchito oyenda pansi wamba, anali atatseka m'chaka cha 1910. The zomera kumene anatsegula yekha mu 1982. Lero ntchito ngati nsanja kuonera ndi m'nyumbayi.

Hayidiroliki Bridge System

Tower Bridge, monga tatchulazi, ali ndime chapakati, ogaŵikana awiri zochotsa phiko. Adzawuka pa makona a madigiri 83. Zikomo kuti achotse kuti kuchepetsa khama, mlatho akhoza sitimadzipereka mu miniti imodzi. Amakhala lotengeka ndi dongosolo hayidiroliki. Chinali pachiyambi madzi ndi mphamvu ya kuthamanga opaleshoni 50 bar. Madzi amawapopa injini nthunzi awiri, omwe munkalowa ya malita 360. dongosolo iyi Hamilton Randall Owen.

limagwirira hayidiroliki ndi dongosolo mpweya kuyatsa anakhazikitsidwa ndi William Sugg & Co Ltd, odziwika bwino pa Westminster. Flashlights kunawala kuchokera woyatsa mpweya poyamba lotseguka mwa iwo. Kenako, dongosolo kusinthidwa kwa nyali ano incandescent.

Kachitidwe hayidiroliki wakhala kusinthidwa bwinobwino mpaka 1974. The chigawo chimodzi chokha amene akali ntchito lero ndi zida komaliza. Iwo amene amalamulidwa ndi mota ano hayidiroliki ndi magiya pamene mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa madzi. zimagwirira choyambirira akhala pang'ono anapulumutsidwa. iwo ntchito tsopano ndi lotseguka kwa anthu, kupereka maziko kwa nyumbayi, amene ali mlatho London Tower Bridge.

wamakono mlatho

Mu 1974, ntchito yomanga kuchotsa chakale choyambirira limagwirira kuyendetsa dongosolo electrohydraulic. Mu 2000, dongosolo la makono kompyuta wakhala anaika kulera ndi kutsikira amathandiza mphamvu yakutali. Komano kunapezeka kuti wosadalirika, ndi chifukwa mlatho mobwerezabwereza munakhala mu malo lotseguka kapena chatsekedwa, pamene mu 2005 sanali m'malo masensa ake.

Mu 2008-2012. Bridge kakusintha kukonza kwa nkhope kapena kuti adaitanidwa atolankhani, "kukonza kwa nkhope." Kayendesedwe anatenga zaka zinayi ndipo ndalama £ 4 miliyoni. Alipo utoto pa dongosolo wakhala achotsa pansi metal adachitira umboni. Kuti zatsalira ake musalekane mu mtsinjewu chigawo mlatho ataphimbidwa ndi nkhalango ndi pulasitiki filimu. kamangidwe anali utoto buluu ndiponso yoyera. Komanso, mlatho chapeza latsopano kuyatsa kapangidwe.

kasamalidwe mlatho

Kuti athe kusamalira ndi malangizo mtsinje mlatho kayendedwe, ntchito mndandanda wa malamulo ndi chizindikiro. Mu ulamuliro masana zinachitikadi mothandizidwa ndi semaphore wofiira, amene anaika mu cabins yaing'ono mbali zonse za zipilalapo mlatho. Usiku, kuwala akuda ankagwiritsa ntchito: awiri wofiira - ndimeyi yotsekedwa ndi awiri wobiriwira - mlatho ndi lotseguka. Mu nyali chifunga nyengo limodzi lolira.

Kudutsa mlatho wa bwalo, nayenso, tinali kusonyeza zizindikiro zina. Masana anali mpira wakuda ndi awiri osachepera 0,61 mamita, pa msinkhu Kufikika kwa diso. Usiku mu malo omwewo anayatsa nyali zofiira. Mu nyengo chifunga chofunika chizindikiro angapo nthunzi wenzulo sitimayo.

Mbali ya zida ma siginalo lili ndipo tsopano ukufanizidwa mu nyumbayi.

N'zochititsa chidwi mlatho kuposa zaka zana, ndi mosangalatsa malo zikomo kwa alendo ambiri ndipo komabe akuzisunga otaya yaikulu ya magalimoto. Tsiku lililonse kuti mitanda oposa 40 zikwi. Anthu (oyenda pansi, njinga ziziyenda). Pofuna kukhala structural kukhulupirika, pali liwiro kuyenda pa mlatho - osapitirira 32 Km / h - ndi kunyamula kulemera - matani zosaposa 18.

Kale, mlatho linatsegulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo kangapo. Tsopano, pochitika pa iwo, ayenera analidziwitsa maola 24 pasadakhale. nthawi Oyamba imafalitsidwa pa webusaiti boma. Ulendo ufulu.

Dzina la mlatho ndipo maonekedwe ake ali bwino padziko lonse, ndipo kotero nthawi zambiri kuigwiritsa ntchito pa malonda. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe ambiri maphunziro wotchedwa Tower Bridge. Makamaka, Moscow malonda bungwe ndi phunziro tima a Chingerezi. Kuti ndi lingaliro za m'banja, werengani ndemanga za sukulu "Tower Bridge School" anasiya ophunzira ake ndi makolo awo.

anachita Public kuti mlatho

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mlatho Tower Bridge, popanda limene masiku ano London sangathe m'zaka za m'ma 20, wokongola kwambiri kudzudzulidwa. Iye ankatchedwa wachiwiri bezdelnichestva, falsification ndi pretension. British wojambula ndi mlengi Frank Brangwyn ananena kuti zambiri chotheka dongosolo sizinachitikepo anamanga pa mitsinje pamalo abwino ofunika.

Patapita nthawi, izo anasintha maganizo onse mlatho. Tsopano anazindikira mwa zokopa likulu boma. Wolemba mbiri ndi connoisseur a zomangamanga Dan Cruickshank asankhidwa ndi wa malo anayi, zimene filimu wake "The nyumba yabwino Great Britain."