Nyumba ya Blackheads. Riga, Latvia: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi ndemanga

Madera chidwi kapena mtundu wa ntchito limodzi ndi mbiri ya anthu. Kuteteza ndi kuteteza ufulu wawo mosavuta ngati okonda gulu, kumene inu nthawi zonse kupeza mitundu yonse ya chithandizo. Ngati munalidi gulu, kuti, mukupanga wakhala athana ndi ntchito zawo, bwino amavutika. Mu nyengo ya kukula ndi chitukuko ogwirizana ammudzi ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubwino wa malo pakati pa zofuna zawo. Choncho ennobled, inamera nthano mbiri ya Malta, chifukwa Ankhondo a dongosolo la Malta analandira chitukuko mofulumira onse a ku Ulaya, kumene dera sanali kuwaganizira.

ubale

Chitukuko ndi kutukuka kwa Riga anapanga zopereka kwambiri Order ya Blackheads lapansi. Ngakhale dzina wosamvetseka, mmudzi anali ogwirizana chidwi a malonda, omwe amadziwika kusuntha ndi kuchita. Mu Riga, aliyense wapaulendo n'kogwiritsa kugwa pa Town Hall Square, pamene nyumbayi flaunts ndi zomangamanga wapadera - Nyumba ya Blackheads.

M'zaka 14 kumeneko kale anali amalonda Community mu Riga, ogwirizana munalidi gulu Wamkulu. Iwo anali wopangidwa ndi Zoyenda malonda ndi Odzigwedeza nthawi yake, anali kutsogolera moyo wongokhala, malonda anali mkhalapakati: chokambirana zogula kwa chipiku lalikulu, ndi kuchititsa bungwe ritelo. Nthawi wopanikiza, ndi kupita ku mayiko ena mankhwala sanali otetezedwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale ndi sizitanthauza kupulumutsa miyoyo, osanenapo phindu kwa katundu. Koma pali nthawi amene ali wofunitsitsa ndi wokhoza kuyesera, chifukwa phindu kwa yogulitsa chinapezeka mwa maulendo angapo.

Choncho, chifukwa amalonda amangokhala izo anagwirizana m'dera malonda kulinganiza bwino, ngakhale bizinesi yowopsa. Iwo anagwirizana pa Order anatenga woyang'anira awo Saint la Mauritius. Malinga ndi mwambo, Woyera ankafotokozedwa akuda. Imafotokoza kuti munthu wankhondo Mauritius anatengera ku Ethiopia anatengera Chikhristu ndi kulalikira izo, chifukwa adamva kuwawa. Canonized oyera analemba pa zithunzi, motsogozedwa ndi mtundu weniweni wa khungu lake, zithunzi anali achilendo kwa maso a European - chithunzi mdima pa maziko kuwala. Popeza Order la Kanani akungoyendayenda nalo dzina lake chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa dzina lovomerezeka ubale - dongosolo la Blackheads lapansi.

Nyumba Order

Abale mwa mawu a nthawi yawo inali ngati gulu lankhondo ndi lamulo lomveka bwino, aka ntchito yowopsa pa ndime ya katundu. Mamembala a fraternity ndi zitha kukhala wosakwatiwa anyamata, makamaka anabadwira ku mayiko ena Pang'onopang'ono, anali kutengera anthu, Riga, anapereka okha ndi mabanja awo ndi nyumba. Kuti anali zombo chake bwinobwino pokana achifwamba, katundu anapita ku maiko akutali zosowa, kubweretsa kawirikawiri ndi mtengo chofunika. Pakuti malonda, khamu chofunika kuika ndi blackheads mu 1477 lendi pansi pamwamba pa nyumba yatsopano inamangidwa ndi munalidi gulu la osema.

KUCHULUKA kumangidwa, likulu ndi kupeza zimakhudza anthu Blackface padera kwambiri mu akuphunzitsa nyumbayi, pang'onopang'ono kukhala anyantchoche chachikulu. Linawapatsa ambiri amakonda ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito malo onse. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono pa Riga bungwe mzinda nyumba anapatsidwa dzina latsopano - Nyumba ya Blackheads mu Riga. Tsiku Kusinthana ntchito mu m'zipinda za pamwamba, pamene madzulo anakonza mipira, zoimbaimba, zikondwerero zake, m'matauni ndi zochitika Mendulo.

kuchita zinthu zolimba

Riga anali zogona chachikulu fraternity, koma malonda ntchito chofunika chifaniziro wina. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1517 chinatseguka Nyumba ya Abale Blackheads ku Tallinn. Kwa zaka linakhalapo, nyumbayi anamangidwanso ankamangidwanso, agwirizane nyumba oyandikana. Koma lero amatchedwa ulemu wa eni bwino - Nyumba ya Blackheads. Tallinn mosamala zimasunga zomangamanga chipilala. Panopa, chipinda zoimbaimba ndipo maulendo mu nyumbayi.

Koma kumudzi chachikulu, komwe kunachitidwa ndondomeko lonse cha anthu, anali Riga Nyumba ya Blackheads (Riga, Latvia). Kupereka zopereka kwambiri kwa mzinda akachisi, kukhala chikhalidwe, zomangamanga mzindawo blackheads analimbikira nyumba yake, consolidating malo awo mmadera. Teaming ndi munalidi gulu la Big, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 16, Order wachita otsogolera mu moyo wa mzinda. Popanda iye palibe mtengo, palibe chitetezo Oukira kapena ndale kusintha nthawi ya Kukonzanso. Mu 19 m'ma Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira m'dera anataya kufunika kwake, ndipo kuti ali reformatted ku German wamalonda kalabu, omwe analipo mpaka 1939.

zowononga nkhondo

Nyumba ya Abale Blackheads yake inawonongedwa pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Nyumba owonetsera zakale lili watercolors angapo 1945, lomwe limasonyeza anawononga Riga Town Hall Square. Ife tikudziwa pafupifupi nthawi pamene mthunzi yagunda nyumba - anakhalabe lalikulu wotchi oyimba kunyumba, pa nthawi imene anaima 8:30. M'mawa wa pa June 29, 1941 wantchito wa Nyumba ya kuyesa kupulumutsa gawo la cholowa mbiri ya Riga ndi anasenza manja ndi zosowa zakale wotchi nkhope.

Nyumba ya Blackheads osati kuwonongedwa, koma ambiri anagonjetsa looters. chuma kamodzi a abale, ndipo tsopano Riga, komabe anamwazikana ku Ulaya, koma mbali ya zopereka anabwezedwa. Choncho, mu nyumbayi anasonyeza Kutolere mabokosi wopera, 118 zidutswa anapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana: golide, siliva, fupa. Akusonyeza panthawi zosiyanasiyana tapangidwa mu Russia, Germany, England ndipo anapereka ubale.

kuchira

Pambuyo 1945, Blackheads House sanali achire. Zilibe kusunga mfundo zolondola, iye ankawonekera pamaso uwonongedwe. malo okongola kanthu kwa nthawi yaitali, anaganiza abwezeretse nyumbayo, pambuyo kupeza ufulu Latvia mu 1996. Mwamwayi anasunga mapulani mkati, si khirisipi images, zojambula, mapulani ndi amisiri wa zaka 19-20. kafukufuku m'mabwinja analola kudziwa malo enieni a nyumbayi ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa anayamba.

Modern Nyumba ya Blackheads kukula chikugwirizana ndi malo mbiri, kutsimikizira izi ndi maziko a nyumba yakale ndipo anasunga ku yomanga loyambirira la pansi chapansi. Kugona mu chipinda likufanana ndi zitsanzo za zomangamanga kwa zaka za m'ma 14, anapezeka m'dera la Latvia.

Kamangidwe wapadera wapakamwa pa

Feedback kwa alendo odzacheza Riga, Blackheads House kumathandiza kuti akhazikike kwambiri. The zikuchokera lonse ndi Town Hall Square limatsindika mzindawo kukopa chachikulu - Nyumba ya ubale kamodzi otchuka. nyumbayi kalekale chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za mzinda ndi kunyada kwa Riga. Kubwezeretsedwa wapakamwa wa House amauza kukumbukira zomangamanga oyambirira-Gothic mu Europe. Madzulo, zopekedwa anayatsa wapakamwa adzaitana kuyang'ana mu zinsinsi za mbiri ndi chifunga nthawi, komanso Akupemphani kupita mkati, Scott mu dziko la nyengo ina.

Sculptural zikuchokera kutsogolo zikuphatikizapo kanjedza zinayi: Neptune - wolamulira wa nyanja, Mercury - woyang'anira woyera wa amalonda ndi apaulendo, mgwirizano ndi mtendere. Pamwamba pa wapakamwa pali koloko, iwo, komanso chosema, anakongoletsa wapakamwa mpaka 1941. Tsopano, zamagetsi koloko, koma si angasokoneze phindu mwachikondi kubwezeretsedwa mapulani chipilala. Ziboliboli pa wapakamwa wa nyumbayi kuimira osati milungu - iwo kugwirizana nthawi ndi makhalidwe; wotchi waukulu ikugunda chopita mphindi osati, iwo kukuzungulira dziko ndi zizindikiro m'nyenyezi ndi zolemba anali tanthauzo chinsinsi, kudziwa kuti akatswiri angakhoze kokha chinenero cha Hermetic Kabbalah. zinsinsi zambiri zobisika zizindikiro pa ziboliboli, malaya a manja wapakamwa, zonse masitolo awo Nyumba ya Blackheads. mzinda wa Riga amauza tione ndi kuthetsa aliyense wa iwo.

zovekera mkati

Taganizirani wapakamwa wapamwamba wa House osati kulowa mkati n'zosathekadi, kulankhula za alendo onse. Pali mkati, kutsegula zinthu zatsopano: nsalu pamodzi akale ndi amakono, kupereka lingaliro chonse cha zimene Nyumba ya Blackheads, udindo wa Abale kutukuka Riga a. Chokongoletsera chilichonse chipinda ndi wapadera ndi kubwezeretsedwa mwandondomeko pazipita.

Pa pansi pali chipinda cha dongosolo, ndipo chachiwiri - kwambiri yaikulu zipinda. Mmodzi wa iwo - Nyumba ya Lübeck, ndi dzina la chipinda analandira pa mwambo wa chikumbutso 800th wa Riga. Pano mukhoza amasirira zinayi mita chinsalu aikidwa ndi panorama wa Lübeck, iye chipinda alitcha dzina. Kumeneko, pansi chachiwiri, mukhoza kukaona Small Salon, Chilativiya Hall ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mitundu, kuyenda masitepe kulumikiza modutsa ndi yosanja kupeza Nyumba ya Msonkhano. Feedback alendo onse chimakakamiza kachiwiri ku Nyumba ya Blackheads mu Riga. Mbiri ya nyumba ndi wapadera ndipo izi zimakopa kubwera kuno zinsinsi kuwonjezeredwa.

Assembly holo

Madera yaikulu ya nyumba - Msonkhano. Iwo makamu kuvina mipira, analandira lopambana alendo, akalonga a ku Ulaya onse. Kenako anapita Peter Ine ndi wopambana wake adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Aleksandrom Menshikovym, ndi Carnival zazikulu anapatsidwa ulemu wa Catherine II. Phwando holo ulemu anatengedwa Mfumu William III la Prussia ndi mkazi wake Louise.

Chokongoletsera chipinda mwangwiro ndi lero, pobwereza mkati mbiri. Lolemera chandeliers galasi kupereka chofunika ndi yamawangamawanga anamwazikana wa nsakali pa makoma a holo lalikulu. Pa khoma kum'mwera n'kosatheka kuti muzindikire odula lalikulu mikono ya Order ya Blackheads, amene amadziwikanso emblazoned pa denga la zikuchokera. Utoto denga, zinakonzedwa mzimu wa Rococo, muli zizindikiro za ubale, chifanizo cha St. Mauritius, kulandira ndi mlombwa wreath wa ulemerero wosatha. zinthu Mipando makope enieni a zanyengo la Kale, pamene phwando holo kuti kukaimba wa otchuka dziko nthawi yake.

Art opatulika

Nthawi zina, analemba wotchuka anali mu mpanda wa nyumba ya Blackheads, amene zoimbaimba apambananso kwambiri ndi anthu othokoza. Rihar Wagner imachitika oimba nathamanga Nyumba kuchokera 1837 mpaka 1839, panali woyamba anachita zina za ntchito zake. Pamene wochititsa, nthawi patapita, anaonekera Wolemba wina otchuka - Hector Berlioz.

makomawo chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za alendo Chikondwerero Hall wolemekezeka kunyumba. zithunzi pachiyambi zojambulidwa ndi Vigilius Eriksen ndi Aleksandra Roslina, zithunzi kale wa mmisiri analemba za School Swedish wa zaka 17-18. Kuphetsa mipukutu yoyambirirayo m'malo mwa replicas, limene chithunzicho ntchito Andris Zachests. The busts eyiti analemba chachikulu kukometsera staircase chikondwerero Hall. Anabwerera ku mipando yawo pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa wa ulemerero mkati mwa Nyumba ya Blackheads.

mzinda wa Riga ali ndi maganizo amanyadira maonekedwe wobwezeretsedwa wa Town Hall Square, kumene malo mbiri anali chipilala za mbiri ndi zomangamanga - dongosolo la Blackheads House.