"Akufa Miyoyo": tanthauzo la dzinalo. Ndakatulo Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya

Izo zipita kusindikiza buku loyamba Gogol ndi "Mtima Akufa" mu May 1842. Ntchito anabadwa mwa wolemba pa ntchito yake pa "Inspector". Mu "Miyoyo Akufa" Gogol amatanthauza mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito yake: makalasi kulamulira kwa anthu Russian. Wolemba anati: "Ambiri kwambiri ndi chilengedwe changa, osati posachedwapa mapeto a izo." Inde, "Akufa Miyoyo" - chodabwitsa kwambiri mbiri ya Russian ndi dziko Zotengera.

"Miyoyo Akufa" - ndi Zotengera pa serfdom

"Akufa Miyoyo" - ntchito Kuzindikira yovuta. Ichi ndi amene analowa m'malo mwa prose Gogol Pushkin a. Iye amalankhula za iwo mu masamba a ndakatulo mu Mpatuko za mitundu iwiri ya olemba (VII mutu). Chachikulu mbali ya Kuzindikira Gogol akuti: kukhoza poyera ndi kusonyeza pafupi-mmwamba zolakwika zonse chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe si nthawi zonse chenicheni. Mu "Akufa Miyoyo" linasonyeza mfundo za Kuzindikira:

1. Historicism. Chidutswa kwalembedwa za chi wolemba nthawi - mzere zaka 20-30 zaka za m'ma XIX - ndiye serfdom anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu.
2. Chitsanzo khalidwe ndi zochitika. Landlords ndi ogwira akuonetsedwa satirically ndi cholinga amphamvu yovuta, zikusonyeza mitundu ikuluikulu chikhalidwe. Kulipira mwapadera kuti tsatanetsatane wa Gogol.
3. Satirical kalembedwe. Zimapezeka otchulidwa authoring Mbali zinthu azithunzithunzi, wolunjika zilembo zakale kusinjirira, kulankhula poyerekeza kusintha ndi miyambi.

dzina lotanthauza: zenizeni ndi zophiphiritsira chabe

Gogol azikamugwirira kulemba ntchito mabuku atatu. Monga maziko anatenga "Divine Comedy" Dante Aligeri. Mofananamo, "Akufa Miyoyo" anali zigwirizana zigawo zitatu. Ngakhale mutu wa ndakatuloyi amatanthauza owerenga kuti mfundo za m'Baibulo.

Chifukwa "Akufa Moyo"? Dzina lokha - ndi oxymoron, kuyerekeza ofanana. Soul - ndi mankhwala amene ali amoyo, osati akufa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, Gogol zimatipatsa chiyembekezo kuti zonse sanataye, kuti chiyambi zabwino opunduka miyoyo landlords ndi ogwira akhoza adzabadwanso. Izi amayenera kukhala ndi buku lachiwiri.

Tanthauzo la dzina la ndakatulo "Akufa Miyoyo" chagona mu ndege angapo. Padziko - tanthauzo lenileni, chifukwa amatchedwa mizimu akufa alimi akufa mwa zikalata malamulo. Kwenikweni, zimenezi ndicho Chichikov chinyengo: kugula serfs akufa ndi kutenga lonjezo ndalama zawo. Panthawi ya malonda a osawuka ndi chikusonyeza zilembo zazikulu. "Akufa Miyoyo" - ali yokha landlords ndi akuluakulu anakumana Chichikov, chifukwa iwo palibe yatsala anthu, ndi moyo. Iwo adyera (nduna), blockhead (Boll), nkhanza (mphuno) ndi roughness (Sobakevich).

Tanthauzo lakuya la dzina la

zonse zokhudza latsopano lotseguka pamene muwerenga ndakatulo "Akufa Miyoyo". Tanthauzo la mutu, obisalamo mu kuya kwa mankhwala, amatichititsa kuganiza zoti aliyense, munthu wamba mu msewu, mwina patapita kuwasandutsa Manilow kapena Nozdryov. Okwanira mu mtima wake chokhazikika ndi chilakolako. Ndipo iye sanadziwe momwe kumeneko vzrastet wachiwiri. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu Chapter XI Gogol limalimbikitsa owerenga kuyang'ana kwambiri mu moyo ndi cheke: "Ndipo Ine kodi mbali ina ya Chichikov?"

Gogol anaika mu ndakatulo "Akufa Miyoyo" mphamvu ya maina multidimensional, kutsegula owerenga yomweyo, koma m'kati kuganiza za ntchito.

polemba chinenero apachiyambi

Pamene "Akufa Miyoyo" kusanthula anafunsa funso lina kuti: "N'chifukwa Gogol ndi kuika mankhwala monga ndakatulo ndi?" Ndithudi, mtundu wanyimbo m'maganizo wa chilengedwe wapadera. Pamene ntchito pa mankhwala a Gogol m'makalata ake kuti abwenzi nawo anapeza kulenga, akuzitcha "Akufa Miyoyo" ndi ndakatulo ndi buku.

Pa tsamba m'magazini yoyamba ija inalembedwa: "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Chichikov, kapena Akufa Miyoyo" (mbali yoyamba ya kufufuza izi) - ndi subtitle "ndakatulo" inali zina zazikulu. Wolemba yekha kumuuza kuti anali opangidwa kuchokera "Akufa Miyoyo". Tanthauzo la dzina la mankhwala yafupika ndakatulo kuti Gogol ankafuna kuti apitirizebe ntchito, ndipo mu mabuku wachiwiri ndi wachitatu kusonyeza chitsitsimutso cha anthu otchulidwa zoipa. Ndiyeno "Akufa Miyoyo" kuchokera Zotengera inasanduka ndakatulo ndi.

Izi si kuutsiriza mtundu wanyimbo mbali ya mankhwala "Akufa Miyoyo". Tanthauzo la mutu wa ndakatulo wake anafotokoza chifukwa Nikolai Vasilievich mu Buku mabuku. Pali amasonkhanitsa ndakatulo mtundu wanyimbo, wapakatikati pakati pa epic ndi buku. Pa malo a mtundu wanyimbo izi kuti ngwazi - munthu wamba, kudzera Zopatsa kuti kusonyeza makhalidwe a nyengo ano. Mu chitsanzo cha Gogol amatsogolera "Don Quixote" wa Cervantes.

Komanso, "Akufa Miyoyo" mbali ina, limene mankhwala akuti ndi ndakatulo - ambiri m'nyimbo digressions, khalidwe la chanter polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Kuwonjezera makhalidwe amenewa, "Akufa miyoyo" ndilo malire kwambiri buku picaresque, ndipo ngakhale chikhalidwe. Koma pofotokoza ntchito polemba chinenero ichi Sikuti chifukwa kupanda chikondi.

Zimphona ndi odana ndi ngwazi za ndakatuloyi

Mu Buku loyamba la "Akufa Miyoyo" ( "Hell" ndi Dante) Gogol anakonza kusonyeza zoyipa - akuluakulu wankhanza mwininyumba kalasi. Anadzazindikira mwa dongosolo la zithunzi. Ngwazi akufa miyoyo - anthu akuluakulu ndi nzika, amene akukumana Chichikov, kuchita misampha mochenjera.

Images wa nzika zokambidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kuchepa wauzimu ndi turpitude abwino. Pofotokoza aliyense wa iwo Gogol tikunena chakuti si nkhani yapadera, ndipo mtundu wa anthu, "Manilow ngwa anthu kotero-wakuti"; Bokosi - "Mmodzi wa matushkas anthu"; "Anthu ngati Nozdryov, aliyense anali kukumana angapo." Chotero amakhalidwe losauka amalenga malo ochezera. Mu ndakatuloyi, kuweruzidwa nzika ndi dongosolo onse ang'onoang'ono lonse.

chithu china zoipa ndakatulo "Miyoyo Akufa" - pa bureaucracy. mtawuni ali owonongedwa ndi chisokonezeko. Bureaucracy - malo mukhoza opindulitsa. The ndondomeko yodalirika ziphuphu kuvala mtsinje. Kumbukirani yomwe akutchulidwa pamene Chichikov amatinyengerela Ivan Antonovich. Zimene akuluakulu anabweretsa automatism: onani bilu - kuphimba ndi pepala - kuyesezera kuti chilichonse chili chabwino.

otchulidwa zoipa kupanga tanthauzo la dzina la ndakatuloyi - "Akufa Miyoyo". Komabe, monga Gogol, si onse oipa: awiri otchuka ali mwayi kusintha. Ndondomeko kuwatsitsimula akufa zoyenda kugwirizana ndi siyana. ndakatulo awiri otchulidwa chikuoneka pa citukuko: anapatsidwa mbiri ndi Eliya Chichikov. Gogol Izi mawuwa kuti akhoza kusintha m'tsogolo.

Palibe chikaiko ngwazi zabwino mu ndakatuloyi - ndi wolemba, awululidwa mwa digressions m'nyimbo. Iye amadziwa ndipo amakonda Russia, amaona kuthekera kwakukulu anthu Russian. Komanso, Gogol zikutsindika makhalidwe abwino a anthu Russian: a yowutsa mudyo lilime, kugwira ntchito mwakhama, kuona mtima, m'maganizo ndi inventiveness. Ndi kusintha adzalola Russia kukhala ndi lowoneka mbalame troika.

Pa buku lachiwiri la "Akufa Miyoyo"

Mu mkhalidwe kwambiri kulenga zovuta mu Gogol analemba buku lachiwiri la "Akufa Miyoyo" kwa zaka khumi. M'makalata, nthawi zambiri amadandaula kuti mnzanu kuti ndi zolimba kwambiri ndi kwenikweni kukwaniritsa iye.

Gogol amatanthauza wolimba, zabwino chithunzi mwininyumba Kostanzhoglo: kusamala udindo, ntchito sayansi zida Manor. Imawalamulira Chichikov reconsidering ubwenzi wake ndi zenizeni ndi kusintha kwa bwino.

Kuwona mu ndakatulo "bodza yofunika", Gogol anatentha buku lachiwiri la "Miyoyo Akufa".