Bolotnikov chiwembu: zimayambitsa ndi zotupa, komanso mwachidule mbiri yake

Anthu Russian ndi kuleza mtima ndi odekha. Komabe, konse, koma chipiriro aliyense amabwera ku mapeto. Ndipo anthu achiwawa a misa, bungwe umunthu amphamvu, ngati madzi osefukira chinawononga mu njira yake zonse. Anthu mbiri ya Russia anali m'mphawi nkhondo, amene atsogozedwa ndi Emelyan Pugachev, Stepan Razin ndi Ivan Bolotnikov.

Bolotnikov kuwukirana kunachitika kukhala mu 1906 - 1907 zaka, kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Moscow State. Chifukwa ntchito anali mphekesera kuti m'malo 1 Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry anaphedwa ndi munthu wosiyana kotheratu. mphekesera izi kugwedezeka kwambiri udindo Shumsky, kum'patsa maonekedwe zinthu kutsutsana ndi lamulo.

Koma kwenikweni, pakhala pali chiwembu Bolotnikov cholinga ndithu zifukwa. Monga anthu anakhala mumamva moyo wautali ngati akakamizidwa boma "nsonga": kumatheka kupitirira miyezo kuponderezana ang'onoang'ono, serfdom, kupanga alimi popanda ufulu, njala ndi umphawi achita ntchito zawo.

China chirichonse analowa anawonjezera Borisom Godunovym "atathana zaka" ndipo, monga tanenera kale, zandale m'dziko. Mwachidule, boma zachitika vuto chosintha, pamene anthu wamba zambiri zikhoza SADZALEKERERA, ndi "pamwamba" sangathe kusamalira m'njira zinanso. Choncho kugalukira Bolotnikov chinali chikhalidwe cha nkhondo antiboyarskuyu.

Nkumadzitcha okha warlord amati sanaphedwe kalonga, Bolotnikov kumpoto Putivle anasonkhana kwa iye ukukukuma, kuzunzidwa alimi kusaweruzika, kulengeza za maonekedwe chayandikira cha Tsarevich wotchedwa Dmitry. Anamuthandiza chisoni kugalukira maina Prince Shahovsky ndi kazembe wa Chernigov Telyatevsky. Ndi iwo amene zathandiza kusonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la asilikali la wonyenga amakhumudwa, amene ankatsutsa chiwawa ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo anthu. Bolotnikov kugalukira ankaganiza khalidwe la nkhondo anthu.

Shuya, kuyesera kukhala pa mpando wachifumu, anatumiza anthu kuti akakumane ndi asilikali Bolotnikov Trubetzkoy ndi Vorotynsky mutu. Koma Troubetzkoy ndi Vorotynsky anamenyedwa wamba asilikali a Kromy woyamba, ndipo yachiwiri Yelets. Mu September Bolotnikov kugalukira anabwera Kaluga, kumene kugunda ngati magulu waukulu wa asilikali Shumsky.

Kolomna, omwe anali mu njira ya opandukawo Moscow anali kuzungulira. Posad alimi anatha kuukira, koma analephera kulanda boma la Russia yomweyo. ndiye Bolotnikov anawalamula kuti achoke pali gawo laling'ono la ankhondo ake, ndipo zikuchokera zofunika anapita ku Moscow.

Mu October bolotnikovtsy anazinga Moscow. Mu November, iwo asilikali analoŵa Cossacks motsogozedwa Murom. Koma mwadzidzidzi kupita makamu mdani wa Lyapunov mwa Ryazan. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha wopandukayo olemekezeka mtolo pa dzanja limodzi, ndi Cossacks - winayo. Ndipo mu December bolotnikovtsy kale anayamba kuvutika kugonjetsedwa akutiakuti.

Army The a anthu pang'ono anasamukira ku Kaluga - kumeneko anakhalabe ndi opanduka yekha Bolotnikov, mwina kwa Tula - kuti Muromtsem mutu. Mu Kaluga, iwo anali atazunguliridwa ndi asilikali ankhondo tsarist. Lolemera anatseka misewu anayamba masiku. Ndi zomvetsa yaikulu opandukawo anakwanitsa kubooleza kuti Tula.

zolemba zakale pofotokoza kugalukira Bolotnikov mwachidule. Komabe, mu luso la zolembalemba ntchito, mafilimu ndi zojambula, olembedwa ndi kuvala mfundo zimenezi, tingathe kuona mmene mantha, kupweteka, imfa anabweretsa nkhondo imeneyi.

Tula unali mzinda otsiriza kumene iwo anali nkhondo zigawenga ndi asilikali achifumu. Tsarist asilikali kutchinga mtsinje Upa damu ungamuphe chigumula chachikulu mu Tula. Chifukwa, bolotnikovtsy wogonjetsedwa.

Popeza Shumsky ankati nthano analumbira opandukawo anavomera kuti adzipereke, kuti "sanakhetse magazi," kuti mfumu zinthu mochenjera kwambiri. Iye kwenikweni yopanda magazi kulanga atsogoleri anapanduka: Ivan Bolotnikov iye anathawira ku Kargopol, kumene iye anachititsidwa khungu ndi kumizidwa. Ileyku Muromtsa kupachikidwa, ndipo woweruza Shakhovsky mokakamiza tonsured monga Wansembe.

Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti chiwembu cha anagonjetsedwa chifukwa opandukawo anali yosalongosoka, monga asilikali achifumu. Ikulu opanda analinso sakanikira zikuchokera asilikali kupanduka.