Modern si zopeka, chimene chiri chimodzi kapena kuwerenga mabuku lalikulu?

Pamene "kugwetsera" chikondi ndi yosangalatsa nkhani ofufuza, Chilling buku lachinsinsi ndi wosangalatsa nkhani sasangalala, nthawi abwera zolembalemba si zopeka. Mtundu wa mtundu wanyimbo amene kutchuka, malinga ndi Ofalitsa deta kuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse? Kodi mbali yake ndi amene ndi chidwi? Tidzayensa kuyankha mafunso onse zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ino.

Polemba chinenero mabuku: ndichiyani?

Gulu ambiri a mabuku onse - kugawikana kwa izo mu zopeka ndi zina - si zopeka (si zopeka). Ntchito monga mabuku, nkhani yochepa, masewero, nkhani, amene amati mabuku akumangidwa kuti nkhani zopeka ndi anatulukira nkhaniyo. Iwo ndakatulo ndi prosaic. Nawonso luso zonse Zomwe analemba ali m'magulu monga prose ozindikira ndipo mtundu wanyimbo zopeka.

Mosiyana ndi nthano, si nthano mabuku sagwiritsa ntchito nkhani zopeka, ziwembu ndiponso anthu, ndipo izi zikuimira:

• mabuku;
• otanthauzira;
• mainsaikulopediya;
• monographs;
• utolankhani;
• biographies;
• Maulendo ndi mitundu ina.

Kodi si nthano chabe?

Tiyeni tione tanthauzo la si zopeka, icho chiri. Monga tanenera kale, mabuku izi si zinthu zongopeka ndi zenizeni, monga luso ndi journalistic zolembalemba mtundu wanyimbo zimene wolemba mwa prism wa zokongoletsa wake, chikumbumtima ndi mphako kuzindikira, zalembedwa ndi nkhani yokhudza mfundo ndi anthu ndiponso zochitika. Popeza mabukuwa, ndiyo luso la mawu, wolembayo amagwiritsa bungwe compositional wa mawu ndi zithunzi za njira zosiyanasiyana za Kuwulura anapereka ntchito. Choncho, si zopeka - ntchito zolembalemba, amamangidwa ndi mfundo konkire ndi chenicheni cha moyo.

Pamene panali si nthano chabe?

magwero Nthawi zambiri, zikamera akuti "si zopeka" ndi mankhwala oyamba choikidwa polemba chinenero ichi chinali chaka cha 1965 pamene inafalitsidwa mu buku lotchedwa "Mu Cold Magazi," Truman Capote. Kuti pamene latsopano akuti, ife sangatsutsike, koma apa, ngati iwo amatchedwa lero, travelogues kapena zolemba kuyenda (monga Radishchev "Ulendo ku St. Petersburg ku Moscow", "Frigate" Pallada "," Goncharov kapena Gertsenovskie "kALE LANGA ndi maganizo") analengedwa kale theka lachiwiri la XX atumwi. Apa kuwerenga basi iwo, ife sanadziwe kuti izi ndi zopambana Russian si nthano mabuku!

Sitizidzakangana ndi kuitana angapo zapamwamba ano polemba chinenero chimenechi. Choyamba, tiyenera kutchula Stephen Hawking, mmodzi wa wotchuka sayansi chi ongolankhula. Kudzera m'mabuku ake mu mtundu wanyimbo wa sayansi si zopeka ambiri Earthlings anaphunzira za mabowo wakuda ndi katundu wawo.

Capote ndi "mwankhanzaku kupha" imatengedwa tingachipeze powerenga buku nkhani. Tomás Vulf ndi zokopa theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza, mabuku, kafukufuku «The Zamagetsi Kool-Lothandiza Acid Mayeso» ndi «The Kandy-Kolored gelegedeya-flake Streamline Baby» analenga malangizo atsopano komanso kufufuza nonfiction experimental.

Mitundu ya si zopeka

Mafunso omwe si zopeka - icho chiri, ndikofunika kukumbukira ake Mipikisano faceted, monga si zosiyanasiyana mabuku otchuka sayansi ndi Buku, mulinso ndi mafotokozedwe a mayiko ndi mizinda, zolemba, apaulendo, utolankhani ndi essays. Ntchito polemba chinenero lino mwawo kulankhula za zinthu wokongola zovuta monga mu Soviet buku wakuti "Eureka" anatulutsidwa mabuku oposa 300 lomwenso ndi chidwi kuuza wa sayansi zosiyanasiyana ndi mbiri yawo. Ena, monga Mwachitsanzo, buku lakuti "Glass" N. Katchalov kapena "Mankhwala kunyong'onyeka, kapena mbiri ya ayisikilimu," Bogdanov, akhoza zoyenera maphunziro a sayansi zinthu kwambiri wamba bwino kwa ife.

Ili pa mphambano ya utolankhani ndi zolembalemba polemba chinenero cha si zopeka ali classifications angapo, koma tiona amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "khitchini" buku yosindikiza:

• biographies ndi Maulendo;
• zopelekedwa mbiri;
• nkhani;
• zolemba kuyenda (travelogues);
• motsutsa;
• kafukufuku;
• mabuku;
• Maphunziro;
• otanthauzira;
• mainsaikulopediya;
• zolembedwa luso.

mumaganiza Recent ali pakompyuta yosindikiza si zopeka, kulola mofulumira mfundo zochititsa chidwi.

Features polemba chinenero chimenechi

Ife kale anakhudza pa Komabe, pang'ono chabe, makamaka si zopeka mtundu wanyimbo. Ndi chiyani icho? Mwachidule lembani zinthu zofunika:

- sitili pa nkhani zopeka ndi zilembo;

- nkhani ya zochitika udzadutsa mu worldview lenileni la wolemba;

- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana luso mwamphamvu;

- ". Powonekera ndi powonekera" nyumba pa mfundo za ntchito ya kapangidwe modabwitsa

Ndani nkhani imeneyi?

Mu Soviet Union, izo linaperekedwa zambiri si zopeka ndi nthano maudindo, Maulendo ndi biographies. Wokwanira kukumbukira mndandanda odabwitsa mabuku monga ZHZL - "Moyo wa Anthu Ogwira" (lofalitsidwa ndi "Young Alonda"), "Mbiri ya sayansi", "Pages mbiri ya dziko lathu," "Library" kwadzidzidzi "(lofalitsidwa ndi" Science "). Pano kovuta kuti dzina lalikulu Russian yofalitsa, si zopeka sati lofalitsidwa. Mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Russian msika "yoona" mabuku - kusindikiza "UFO" - limafalitsa mabuku mu mtundu wanyimbo wa mbiri wamoyo, grouping iwo mu mndandanda wa "chikhalidwe tsiku ndi tsiku", ndi "Eksmo" nkhope wakuti "Biographies lalikulu. Zosayembekezereka ngodya, "" Maulendo - XXI Century "". Women ya Silver Age " "Ast-Press" Yofalitsa House limafalitsa wakuti "Science ndi mtendere" Maphunziro "Zilankhulo popanda Borders", yofalitsa "Kuchkovo munda" mabuku Maulendo, ndi kampani "Kolibri" - mndandanda wa "chinthu palokha", ndilo buku nkhani za zinthu losavuta monga mchere ndi zina. "AJAX-atolankhani" mabuku angapo a anamulondolera "Malangizo ntchito".