Zizindikiro za ethnos

Mawu akuti "mtundu" latembenuzidwa kuchokera Greek momwe "anthu" ndipo amatanthauza gulu la anthu ogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zotengera malingaliridwe kapena cholinga. Zikuphatikizapo chikhalidwe, chinenero gawo okhala ndi abwino. Mu 1923, Russian wasayansi S.M.Shirokogorov, anasamuka pambuyo October kuukira boma, anayambitsa mawu akuti "mtundu" mu chinenero cha Chirasha. Komabe, tanthauzo lake umaposa "anthu" monga.

mbali yofunika kwambiri ya fuko, monga ena asayansi, ndi chinenero. Ena kuwonjezera apa chizindikiro mitundu ndi moyo m'dera wamba. Ena amagwira kuti zizindikiro wamba maganizo chikhalidwe cha anthu. M'mawu ena, fuko akhoza mbali kwachilengedwenso ndi umoyo ndi zachuma cha anthu makamaka kapena mtundu. Iye anayamba kupangidwa 100 000 zaka zapitazo. Isanafike maonekedwe ake kumeneko chinthu monga banja, ndiye banja ndi banja.

Ndi mafuko ndi mafuko, ndipo malizitsani unyolo wa fuko. Mosiyana States, iwo siziboola n'kupita paokha madera iliyonse. Onetsetsani kuti asonyeze zizindikiro za fuko la State, chuma chonse ndi Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Mfundo imeneyi kenako kusanduka ndi kudutsa mu magawo a magulu a mafuko ndi mitundu, kenako kukhala mtundu. Tizilombo mtundu kusintha m'dera pa umoyo ndale.

Chinthu choyamba mu mapangidwe ake ndi mbewu. Poyamba izo unali ndi anthu amene akulankhula chinenero chimodzi ndipo ankakhala m'dera lomwelo. Zinali chibadidwe dongosolo la fuko, atagwa ake, gulu latsopano la anthu otchedwa "mtundu".

anthu Choyamba anayamba kutuluka pa dongosolo la kapolo ndi feudalism. Zizindikiro za fuko, amene amasiyanitsa iwo, si chinenero ndi malo ofanana, komanso chikhalidwe ndi chuma. Dziko zambiri kuposa ndi fuko M'banja mu ina kuposa anati mu fuko.

mafuko ogwirizana ndi boma, lomwe akhoza anazimitsa ndi magulu zifukwa kwathunthu yosiyanasiyana. Anthu okha kusakhazikika ndiponso m'nyengo ya feudalism zambiri ndisungunuka, kupanga nthawi yomweyo gulu latsopano. Lalikulu zedi, anauka pa mapangidwe limati.

Zizindikiro za mitundu mitundu - ndi koposa zonse, ndi maganizo dziko. Last, mtundu apamwamba a fuko - mtundu.

mtundu anayamba kutuluka m'nthawi ya kuwuka kwa bizinesi. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyamba kuumba wonse dongosolo la zachuma ndi msika asapita, pali luso yekha ndi mabuku.

Nation mlandu mamiliyoni mazanamazana anthu, ndi mayamiko ndi chinenero, dera ndipo chuma anapanga limodzi psycho ndi dziko khalidwe. Nations adanyamuka chifukwa cha mafakitale ndi capitalization wa kampani. Ali m'mbiri yonse ya mwachangu kumenyera mwayokha, omwe amasonyeza mikangano mitundu ndi ndewu yosiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro za mtundu - si ndi zachuma umodzi wa anthu, komanso chikhalidwe ndiponso chipembedzo wauzimu ubwenzi. Gulu la anthu sangakhale mtundu, ngati inu salankhula chinenero chimodzi kapena alibe umoyo ndi zachuma kucheza.

Nation Zizindikiro zifunika dziko akhoza amadziona mtundu. Anthu amene alibe zauzimu kapena kupembedza dera, chikhalidwe, kapena dera zizindikiro za mtundu.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya mafuko - fuko, mtundu ndi mtundu. Sizikusokonezani mfundo monga mtundu ndi mtundu. The Russian mtundu - ndi mfundo yopapatiza ya anthu otsata mtundu makamaka m'mayiko ena, mfundo dziko chikugwirizana ndi nzika. Pakuti kumvetsa bwino nkhani zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha anthu, m'pofunika kuphunzira machitidwe mafuko kwambiri.