F16 ndege, womenya: photos, specifications, liwiro analogue

Mu mbiri ya ndege dziko (makamaka nkhondowo) kwenikweni kwambiri kwa ndege lodziwika bwino. Ena a iwo, olengedwa masiku a Cold nkhondo, akhala ndi idzachitike ngakhale kwa nthawi yaitali. Mmodzi wa ndege awa ndi F16. Womenya izi zakonzedwa kubala kwambiri (osachepera) mpaka 2017. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa makina waukulu mu zonse NATO.

specifications Basic

• Adalira - woyendetsa wina.
• Full kutalika glider - 15,03 m.
• Onse wingspan - 9,45 mamita (pamene zizikhala phiko pylon mzinga, ukulu wa ndendende 10 meters).
• Zolemba malire glider kutalika - 5,09 m.
• Phiko malo okwana - 27,87 m².
• Kukula kwa okwana m'munsi galimotoyo - 4.0 m.
• Kukula kwa njirayo - 2,36 m.
• kulemera kanthu la ndegeyo - mu osiyanasiyana matani 9,5. Kusiyana ndi zotheka malingana ndi mitundu ya akasinja zina mafuta injini anaika ndi zitsanzo.
• Tengani-kuchokera kulemera - kuchokera matani 12,5 kuti 14.5. Kudalira - monga mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu.
• Liwiro pazipita F16 womenya ndi 2 m pamalo okwera mamita 12,000, ndipo pafupifupi 1.2 M pafupi pansi.

Pamene iye akuyamba nkhani yake?

Mbiri ya ndege akuyamba mu 60s pakati. Pambuyo pa kulephera Vietnam, Achimereka anazindikira kuti m'pofunika kuti lapadera kuwala womenya, amene adzalola lamanja kupambana mpweya ukulu. Pantchito imeneyi, chitsanzo F-15 mwamsanga, koma zinali zovuta kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri.

N'chifukwa chake mu 1969, anayambitsa pulogalamu kulenga womenya yosavuta ndi wotsika mtengo angathe kuchita zonse interceptor ntchito m'mikhalidwe wamba nyengo. Mfundo ndi yakuti mu masiku amenewo, mdani yaikulu ya US Air Force anali MiG-21, amene anali ndi zida osati USSR komanso mayiko ena a bloc zokomera. Lolemera osati kuuluka kwambiri F-15 Zinali zovuta kulimbana ndi ndawala "MiG" choncho Zinkafunikiradi kusintha chinachake.

Yambani kupanga ndege zatsopano

Kumayambiriro a 1972 ndi BBC anapanga maganizo akuluakulu opanga onse American ndege. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti kuti boma apeza ife kupambana chifukwa cha wachifundo lotseguka. Posakhalitsa panali awiri okha khama lenileni kuti chiphaso cha dongosolo. Iwo anali olimba General Mphamvu ndi Northrop. Patapita zaka ziwiri anapereka prototypes awo, wotchedwa F 16 ndi YF 17.

The ndege yoyamba inamangidwa pa chiwembu chakale, ntchito injini. YF 17 anali amapasa-engined. Galimoto chachiwiri kunapezeka zabwino, koma kachiwiri zinali zodula ndi zovuta popanga. N'zosadabwitsa wopambana wa aang'ono asankhidwa kale F16. Womenya kunali kosavuta, ndi ziyembekezo kuŵeta ake siriyo anali weniweni. Komabe, "woluza» YF 17 ndi sanaiwale. Ndicho zikayenda bwino ntchito ouziridwa chilengedwe cha chonyamulira ofotokoza womenya F / A-18 Hornet.

mtengo yomanga

Kuchepetsa ndalama okwana zomangamanga, mamangidwe a ndegeyo ntchito injini Pratt & Whitney F100. Iwo, poyamba anali "anabwereka" kuchokera chitsanzo F-15. kutukula gudumu galimotoyo mwatenga kuchokera ndege Convair B-58. Komabe, osaganizira latsopano womenya chopereka cha ngongole. Mu makina makamaka glider anali zatsopano: tinalengedwera kuyambira poyamba mpaka, zinalengedwa ndi chosintha wosakhazikika dera.

Kuyambira ndege ankadalira osati pa luso la woyendetsa, komanso pa ntchito yothandizira kachitidwe ndende, popanda imene sangathe kukwaniritsa ananena khalidwe ndawala galimoto pa ngodya yoopsa kuitanako. Yonena kusiyana F16. Womenya, amene mathamangidwe kuposa 2 M pa phula, ndi ambiri, ndi kulibe tanthauzo lililonse amafuna kuti agwirizane pamanja. Ndi chifukwa chake mawotchi actuator mamangidwe palibe kwathunthu, chifukwa ndege dziko linali vumbulutso panthawiyo.

Nthawi zambiri, kopita kwa ndegeyo kwa imathamanga kwambiri mkulu anapereka lonse. Choyamba, kwa oyendetsa izo analengedwa atsopano kotheratu antigravity mpando, amene anathandiza anthu kupirira accelerations wa ku 9G. Suli kutali ndi chogwirira helm ndi cholinga chapadera manja woyendetsa a. chakuti mathamangitsidwe pazipita thupi lonse limakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndi chifukwa wandewu sungaleke kulemera pa nthambi.

zofunika kwambiri linali lofika ergonomics: amazilamulira onse sizivuta a m'derali anali conveniently kwambiri ili. Chifukwa ichi, galimotolo sichidziwika wotopa pamene piloting, ndi Co-woyendetsa salinso chofunika cockpit lapansi. Komabe, pali kusinthidwa awiri, koma iwo anafuna yekha kwa ntchito yophunzitsa.

The mavuto loyamba

Chifukwa nthawi yake, ndege yatsopano anali yojambula weniweni. Makamaka, panali pafupifupi palibe mawotchi kasamalidwe kugwirizana mayunitsi ndi kachitidwe executable makina. Pachifukwa ichi, ndipo panali chochitika chimodzi. Pamene woyamba woyendetsa F16 (womenya) anapitiriza kutali, anayamba twitch ndi balalabalala msewu wonyamukira ndege. Ngakhale nkhawa za zomwe zikuchitika, woyendetsa akadali anakwanitsa kupeza liwiro zofunika bvula.

Mu ndondomeko ya kupenda chochitikacho anasonyeza kuti chifukwa cha khalidwe kuchepa la ndegeyo lagona mu dongosolo chakale maphunziro a ndege, pamene nawonso anakoka chogwirira wa chiwongolero. "Anzeru" zamagetsi pomwepo kudutsa khama limeneli, akale kwambiri, pa injini ndipo chiwongolero, kuchititsa womenya anayamba "athamangadi" pa msewu wonyamukira ndege ya. Pamene zinthu zimene zinachitika bwino, mu United States yomweyo anayamba kulilembanso malangizo maphunziro ndege, ndi kukonzekera mabuku atsopano.

Onani kuti pankhani imeneyi ndi wapadera F16. Womenya-analogi ndi malo zoweta, ndiko kuti, MiG 29 zimafuna dongosolo zovuta kwambiri maphunziro madalaivala achinyamata.

udindo Current

Lero, zonse "lakale" F 16 kokha kukhala mu zigawo, komanso pokonzekera wamakono m'ziwawa. Komabe, chiyembekezo ichi silinakwaniritsidwe zotsimikizika. Choncho, mu 2014, Achimereka anali akukonzekera retrofit onse a ndege ake chitsanzo ichi kwa mlingo wa F-16V. Kalata lomaliza index ndi akutanthauza mamba, "mphiri". Anakonza Kuwonjezera wa yogwira phased lomenyera unsembe kwambiri zinchito ndi wamphamvu adakwera kompyuta. Komanso, iwo anali inakonzedwa ntchito pa kuwongolera ergonomics wa cockpit lapansi.

Akatswiri amanena kuti Baibulo izi zikhoza akweza pafupifupi F16. Womenya pambuyo popereka ntchito adzakhala agile ndiponso akhama mu mawu a mpweya nkhondowo ano.

Koma, monga taonera kale, chiyembekezo cha GGI ndi mwachilungamo yosokoneza. nkhani zonse kuchepetsa yabwino ya azimayi bajeti. limanena Kwambiri ntchito pa kubweretsa "maganizo" chitsanzo F 35, ndipo ilibe latsopano F 22 zofunika kuchita chinachake. Ambiri mwina, modernized omenyana adzakhala wolowa ndi kutuluka m'dziko, pomwe thambo US anakonza ulamuliro wa atsopano F 35. Makamaka, chiyembekezo cha kuwongolera ndege awo kale anasonyeza chidwi ndi ogwirizana ambiri US mu NATO.

Kukafika F 16 zabwino kumwamba?

Ndi okalamba ndege F16 ali osowa Western makina digiri maneuverability, pang'ono ololera izi zoweta yekha Lamulungu 27 ndi MiG 29. Izi kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti galimoto uyu ndiye woyamba mndandanda limapanga womenya pomanga umene latsopano kasamalidwe dongosolo kompyuta ankagwiritsa ntchito kuonetsetsa mtendere wa glider mu malo aliwonse, kaya zochita za katswiri woyendetsa.

zidindo oyendetsa

Pafupifupi oyendetsa onse, amene anapatsidwa woyamba F16 ndege, anakumana ndi chisangalalo njira yatsopano kasamalidwe. makina amakhala ndi kusamala kwambiri, "buku" canopies mu mawonekedwe a kuwira amapereka aone kwambiri, ndi zizindikiro deta pakali pa galasi lolani woyendetsa kudziwa kusintha kulikonse kwa amayi makina lolunjika pa kafukufuku wa chida cha.

US asilikali makamaka ankakonda omasuka aziphunzitsa kulemba anthu usilikali wamng'ono. Choncho, ngati galimoto osiyanasiyana pa mipherezero pansi ndege zina anachita miyezi ingapo, womenya F16 «Kulimbana Chimphamba," izo adamfunsa sorties oposa awiri kapena atatu. Kupulumutsa ndalama yaikulu mafuta ndi nthawi. Kulondola ndi bomba mu ndege zatsopano kwambiri moti oyendetsa lotchedwa chizindikiro aiming pachionetsero cha "imfa." Ngakhale izi, mavuto ena iye anali, ndipo osati onse a iwo anali "zodzikongoletsera".

mavuto ntchito

Koma kuipa za makina atsopano komanso zilipo. Choyamba, akatswiri ndi asilikali yokha, mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti chifukwa kukhalapo kungakhale yaing'ono kamangidwe ka makina uli kokha injini ndi weniweni nkhondowo survivability. Izi makamaka abut oyendetsa Israeli. Iwo mokomera F-15. Ndi Motors awiri, makina mobwerezabwereza analola oyendetsa kubwerera m'munsi, pamene wina wa iwo anapita chifukwa cha kugwa MANPADS mivi.

Kachiwiri, kwambiri zotsutsa kwambiri otsika pabwino mpweya wambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi womenya F16, amene specifications sizitchulidwa ndi m'nkhani akusowa ndege zabwino kwambiri, simungathe opareshoni mu mkuntho fumbi ndi runways inali ikadali yopanda tala.

Pali mavuto ndi ankafika pa. oyendetsa ambiri "Kulimbana" kuziika ndi F-4. ndege Izi kusiyana ndi kulemera ndithu, kotero kukhala zolimba komanso otetezeka. Koma F16 womenya (zithunzi zomwe mupeze nkhani ino), ndi kuunika kulemera kwake ndi umodzi injini ankafika ngakhale oyendetsa odziwa zambiri amayamba "zophukiranso", kulumpha pa gulu. Chifukwa ndi kuwonongeka mofulumira galimotoyo kuposa ndodo osakondwa, amene ali ndi zonse kusintha matayala ong'ambika.

oyendetsa Anthu ambiri amadandaula za mbali-wokwera chogwirira helm. Chifukwa cha ichi, kunali koyenera kusintha kapangidwe: kuwonjezera yokumba lochedwa, chifukwa chimene chogwirira inali, titero pakati. Kenako, F16 watsopano (womenya, makhalidwe amene ali m'nkhani), omwe anakhala "mbadwa" kwa m'badwo akulu a ndege amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna malo chapakati pa gudumu.

An omasukirana panayamba ayese ndege yatsopano akali kudziwa zolakwa aliyense mu mapangidwe alipo. Choncho, pa chiyambi cha 80s mwadzidzidzi kunapezeka kuti wotchuka "wochenjera" zida limapereka zolephera zoopsa. Chifukwa cha kupha ndege angapo amene anali kwathunthu kuugwira wa mamita angapo kuchoka pansi, m'kupita kwa ayendetsa zovuta.

Poganizira kuti mzera wakutsogolo anaima osati yosangalatsa kwambiri navigation zida, ndege mwachisoni otchedwa ndege ake "Cessna ndi mivi", kunenanso kudalirika otsika ya makina, amene si kuposa kwa zomangamanga yosavuta boma.

Zinali bwino kuwonjezera ndi zapamwamba uyenderere chitetezo komanso kuti atchule mu kamangidwe ka mabatire owonjezera, kumathandiza subsidence nkhawa zina zenizeni. Pakali pano, pafupifupi n'kotheka "matenda ubwana" anali potsiriza anagonjetsa, ndi mavuto ndi machitidwe a ndege ayi. Popeza kuti chiwerengero cha ntchito - pa maiko osachepera khumi, tingakhulupirire kulankhula za kudalirika mwachilungamo mkulu wa F-16 ndi zinthu zabwino wamakono zina.

"Othandiza ntchito"

Mu April 1981, ndege anatenga gawo mu kuukira mu anthu othawa kwawo ku Palestina, kukhala gawo la Israeli Air Force. Ndi mtengo mwezi F16 womenya ankayendetsa Russian ndege (ndiye Soviet), yotengeka ndi woyendetsa Siriya, ndipo posachedwapa "Chimphamba" anawomberedwa pansi awiri Mi-8 za thupi chimadalira Siriya asilikali. Mokondwera kuti n'ngwokayikitsa, kuyambira gwetsa ndi Helicopters ochepa zoyendera ngakhale popanda kuchita nawo diso kukhudzana, akanatha ngakhale woyendetsa, woyang'anira makina kwambiri achikulire.

M'katikati mwa July, izo adagonja kupambana zambiri wotsimikizirika pamene woyendetsa Israeli anawomberedwa pansi Siriya MiG 21. M'nthawi Lebanon nkhondo asanu F 16 anagogoda Siriya kuti anaulukira kwa nthawi pa MiGs 23. Nthawi zambiri, Aisrayeli zambiri ntchito ndege ichi monga stormtrooper a. Choncho, mu 1981 chomwecho, iwo anali "bandit mkhalidwe ', popanda chenjezo, ndi chilengezo cha nkhondo, inaukila aku Iraq airspace ndi bomba la Osirak riyakitala pafupi Baghdad. Kapangidwe anawonongedweratu, kugwirizana imfa anali omenyana.

Kuyambira 1986 mpaka 1989, oyendetsa Pakistani anawomberedwa pansi angapo Afghanstan ndege zoyendera Helicopters (kuphatikizapo Mi-26), ndi mfuti pansi Lamulungu 25, amene anali piloted ndi Aleksandrom Rutskim. "Drew" ngati MiG akale ndi F16 chiyani? Ngakhale yekha MiG 21 zikhoza kukhala pa Afghanstan zida. Mothandizana ndi oyendetsa luso otsika anali sangathe kukana umisiri.

Koma nkhani ili yonse imene njira yatsopano, "adathamanga" ogwirizana American. kaya ntchito ndegeyo paokha? Inde, ndipo ali.

Nkhondo ya Panama ndi nkhani zina

Koma nkhani imeneyi ndi zosangalatsa sinditchula konse chikhumbo. Inde, mu nkhondo ya Panama nawo kugwirizana lonse omenyana izi, koma Panamanians analibe ndege aliyense, koma chifukwa cha milandu nkhondo mpweya nkhondo kuti kulibe.

Koma panthawi ya Gulf nkhondo, ndi F 16 anali kwambiri misa Coalition makina, anapanga osachepera 13.450 sorties. Okwana zochitika zinakhalira galimoto 249. Mwalamulo, ndiye, America ataya 11 ndege zinawonongedwa ndi zisanu - kuwonongeka. Kodi chiwerengero chenicheni - ndi funso lina. Mu Iraq, pamene pali anali nkhondowo-wokonzeka ndege, ndipo oyendetsa ndege kwambiri.

Ndine anakumana nkhondo F16 (womenya) yolimbana ndi MiG 29, ndi analogue a "Ankhondo" wathu? No. Anthu amene amayendetsa ndi mwayi kuwuluka onse makina amenewa, kupenda pawo mofanana. Iwo ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, onse ndege mwangwiro pa ulendo ndipo ndi maneuverability kwambiri. Kotero sitingathe kulankhula za chilichonse chapamwamba weniweni kapena luso zomwe zikutsalirazi. Mfundo MiG wathu, ndi injini awiri, mu nkhani ya MANPADS mivi kugunda mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi mwayi wa "limp" kuti airfield awo. Pakuti F 16, kuwonongeka kapena chiwonongeko cha galimoto adzakhala amapha.