Zimafika mivi Strategic X 55: zofunika zithunzi

Kale nthawi imene chida chachikulu ndi ndege basi mfuti. Kumene, pali wina pa bolodi uliwonse nkhondowo womenya zamakono interceptor, koma phindu lake lenileni ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Maziko a nkhondowo mphamvu ya makono Air Force - anapezerapo sitima chida. X-55 - mmodzi wa zitsanzo woyamba ndi zothandiza kwambiri zida zotere, omwe anavomerezedwa ndi Soviet Army.

Start chitukuko

Zonse zinayamba kubwerera mu 1975. Ndiye gulu "Raduga" ankawathandiza kuti alenge mtundu watsopano wa mizinga yaing'ono zokwana nyukiliya, akhoza kwambiri pa nkhondowo mphamvu ya Russian Air Force. Sizikudziwika kuti zimene zifukwa, koma poyamba pempholo anakanidwa. Komabe, chaka chotsatira inalandiridwa ndi Komanso, mbewu anayamba kugwira ntchito pa mofulumira chitukuko cha mtundu wa chida. Choncho, X 55 roketi udaikidwa ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ndi timu aluso "Raduga". Kumene, iwo sakanakhoza mwakamodzi.

Zitsanzo choyamba ndi "munda" mayesero

Zitsanzo loyamba anayamba kusonkhana Dubna, zomwe zinachitika mu 1978. Koma chifukwa chakuti ogwira anali yodzaza kumasulidwa mivi X-22, anaganiza atumiza kupanga mu Kharkov. Mu zaka zoyambilira za fakitale Kharkov anafa anamasulidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu nkhondo, pamene mankhwala yomalizidwa anasonkhana Dubna, koma posakhalitsa kampani kwathunthu anadutsa pa kupanga mkombero chatsekedwa.

Kumayambiriro a 1978 (isanathe magawo onse mayeso), boma Soviet wasankha pa kukhazikitsidwa oyambirira kupanga siriyo nkhondo izi. Kumapeto kwa 1980, woyamba kupanga zida KH 55 inali yololedwa m'manja makasitomala. Kuyambira pachiyambi, chinali ankaganiza kuti onyamula zida zamphamvu adzakhala "White Swans" Lachiwiri 160 ndi "Kunakhala" Lachiwiri 95. mayesero X 55 anawatengera pansi mu Faustovo.

Kulephera loyamba

Choyamba siriyo chida X 55 anaulukira 23 February 1981. Only dazeni imalankhula kunachitika, ndi mankhwala ali anakana chimodzi chokha. Komanso, choncho zinali zolakwika aliyense zokongola komanso kukana jenereta. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera mu yomanga imeneyi zida zenizeni, ngati mungathe kupereka zaphindu batire mkulu mphamvu?

chakuti mivi nyukiliya poyamba lakonzedwa kuti, ngati n'koyenera kudzapeza osiyanasiyana ntchito zawo zothandiza. Standard mabatire mu "njira" sadzatha kupereka mphamvu kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse. Ndipo chifukwa iwo ali zoyendetsedwa ndi yaing'ono-kakulidwe mphamvu jenereta RDK 300.

Yambani kulowa usilikali

Kwa nthawi yoyamba anatenga roketi adalawa, zochokera mu Semipalatinsk. Mu 1983 izo unachitikira ntchito choyamba, imene Regiment ntchito kunja luso zothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi mu zinthu pafupi nkhondoyo. Mu December chaka chomwecho, izo mwalamulo amawatenga Baibulo modernized ya Lachiwiri 95, omwe anakhala chida chachikulu ndi X-55 (sitima chida).

Mu 1984, mayesero zonse inkachitikira yomwe anapeza kuti molondola kugunda chandamale pa mtunda wa makilomita 2.5 zikwi. Mu 1986, kupanga unasamutsidwa kwathunthu kwa mzinda wa Kirov. Kutula zomera msonkhano, zinthu za chida anayamba kubala pa Smolensk Aviation Bzalani.

zinthu zofunika:

The amapanga osiyana X 55? A chida sitima lakonzedwa pamaziko a muyezo kasinthidwe kuuluka bwino potsatira njira. mankhwala nyumba zitsulo kwa mafupa welded. Ndipotu, oposa 70% ya fuselage wa - thanki mafuta. Kapangidwe mphamvu ukufanizidwa ndi mafelemu, amene angagwirizanitse zipangizo zonse, zipangizo, iwonso ali ndi udindo olimba kumalo roketi docking. Choncho mogwirizana kudzapeza omasuka kapangidwe pafupifupi mbali zonse za chimango anapangidwa woonda-mipanda.

Kodi miyeso anali ndi X 55 - ifeyo sitima zida? The awiri a fuselage izo ndi wofanana ndi theka mita. Onse wingspan - mamita oposa atatu. Thupi Utali - mamita asanu ndi anayi ankangokhala poyambira kulemera - 1.7 mamita pazipita zopatuka chandamale wolakalakika -. Meters zana. Mabaibulo wotsatira, mtengo uwu zochepa mamita 20, koma osiyanasiyana ofunsira anagwa makilomita 2,000. Mwachibadwa, anthu opanga ndi asayansi, njirayi Kodi singakwaniritse.

kusinthidwa njira

Komabe, panali wina X-55. Strategic sitima zida ndi index a "SM" mu thupi zimene anaperekeranji wapadera pamwamba akasinja mafuta, akhoza kuwuluka kale 3.5 zikwi. Km. Koma kenako umatulutsa okhaokha ya X-555, kwa thupi limene constructively anaika iyambitsa kwa akasinja mafuta owonjezera. kusinthidwa Izi zikhoza kugunda mipherezero pa mtunda wa makilomita mpaka 3 zikwi.

Mphamvu ya warhead nyukiliya - 200 CT. Panopa mtengo kusinthidwa X 55 roketi mu utumiki. Features analongosola zofanana mwamtheradi, koma asilikali a "modzaza" osati warhead nyukiliya, ndi osakaniza TNT ochiritsira ndi geksokena.

Aerodynamics ndi powerplant

Ziwalo zonse yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda ndi yopangidwa ndi zisulo wapadera gulu. Njira imeneyi si zotheka kwambiri kuchepetsa kulemera kwa poyambira, komanso kupanga chombo zochepa kuonekera kwa radars mdani angathe. Stabilizers ndi mapiko Asanayambe zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo limbitsani pansi zochita za squibs pambuyo roketi X-55 (umene uli ndi chithunzi m'nkhani) adzamasulidwa ndegeyo.

munene Special woyeneradi ntchito powerplant. Turbofan injini R95-300 turbojet mfundo ya ntchito yakwera mu gawo mchira. maziko ndi pylon wapadera. Ndi chimodzimodzi zovuta kumvetsa anatulutsa za thupi chabe musanayambe. Yambani anagwiritsanso pansi zochita za akutulutsa ndi wodula. injini ili yaying'ono kwambiri, koma katundu chiŵerengero ndi wofanana makilogalamu 3,68 / kg. Ndi, mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kwathunthu mofanana nkhondo ndege zambiri zamakono.

Chifukwa, sitima mivi X 55, makhalidwe amene n'zotheka kuona zida zokwanira ndithu, ngakhale zinthu masiku ano akhoza kukhala kwambiri liwiro, pofuna kudutsana ake panjira nkhondo.

Ndipotu, malinga ndi khalidwe ili, chida ichi si patukani zinthu zambiri zatsopano. Kukakumana mivi zimenezi zimatheka ngati ntchito ya kachitidwe zotsogola ndi chipangizo chitetezo. Popeza kuti adzathe pa nthawi ino - n'zosatheka kuti mtengo X 55 idzakhala nthawi yaitali kuima mu utumiki wa dziko lathu, kukhala ndi zipangizo zamakono kwathunthu ndi mphamvu chidwi.

Mitundu ya mafuta ntchito

The kumumvera alinso yekha "omnivorous." injini roketi ungatithandizire pa ochiritsira sukulu ndege palafini T-1, TS-1 ndi ena. Koma P-95-300 asayansi Soviet mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka ife apanga chinthu chapadera cha T-10, amene amadziwika ngati detsilin. Zili ndi poizoni kwambiri, koma pa kugwirizana chomwecho caloric. Ndi pa izi mivi mafuta X-55 ndi X-555 angafikire liwiro ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana ndege ake.

Koma ntchito ndi mtundu wa mafuta ndi povuta: detsilin madzimadzi kwambiri, choncho amafuna pafupipafupi Moti, umalimbana kukhala okhulupirika apamwamba a nyumba ya. Ndipo ali odzazidwa ndi kokha mizinga, amene wokwera pa bolodi njira chida tcheru. Nthawi zina zonse, asilikali amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndege, monga izi minimizes mavuto onse asilikali ndi anthu wamba.

Mfundo ntchito

malangizo dongosolo - inertial, kwathunthu yoyenda yokha, ndi kusintha ndege malingana ndi maonekedwe a alili. Pamaso mizinga ndege avionics yodzaza Buku tchati ya m'derali yomwe ndi chandamale amafunira. Pa ndege, X 55 mpweya anapezerapo sitima mivi zikhoza kukhala monga gulu kuchokera pansi pa mlengalenga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu kwathunthu kuima-yekha, amayenda mpumulo. Izi zimapangitsa iwo zida moona zosunthika ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Amayendetsera ndi ndege

Chiwembu ndi yosavuta. Choyamba, chida adzamasulidwa mumlengalenga chifukwa wodula, ndiyeno akutembenukira pa injini waukulu lomwe mbalame ndi zina za njira chandamale ake. ndege imachitika pa okwera zosaposa 60-100 mamita. Ngati ndi kotheka, X 55 kuwuluka pamalo okwera mamita 30 okha! Pa nthawi yomweyo basi bypasses mavuto onse angathe kukuthandizani wokha kuti tikhale pa ulendo pewani kuzindikiridwa mipando masango VIP. Inde kusinthika iliyonse makilomita 100-200.

Kuchita ichi chikhale chikumbukiro mivi analowa otchedwa chizindikiro asinthe. Akafika ina, pali "werengani" ndi mtunda, zochokera chosungikira chinthu chatsopano, amene amalola kanthu yabwino kwambiri kuzemba mdani chitetezo mpweya.

zotsatira Choncho analandira m'dera jambulani nthawi zonse kufufuzidwa ndi muyezo anaika mu kukumbukira, kuti zolakwika kuti njira anakonzeratu zosatheka. Izo chifukwa lingaliro ili, miyala iyi akhoza anachititsa pa chandamale mwandondomeko yotereyi kuti mbadwo wakale wa zida za kalasi anali pafupifupi mumangire. Pomaliza, kosangalatsa weniweni wa X 55 zovuta akamagwiritsa iwo, chifukwa cha zomwe amatha kuzemba zosokoneza machitidwe mpweya chitetezo mu ambiri a milandu.

Panopa, chida ichi nthawi zonse ali pa ntchito, Kuteteza ufulu wa boma athu. Ngakhale kuti chida anawapanga mu 70 a m'nthawi otsiriza, kuti "chakale" simungathe ngakhale kukhala Tambasula. Bwino ntchito izo anachita zonse, ndi mitundu kusinthidwa angathe kugonjetsa ngakhale yatsopano chida chitetezo dongosolo zitsanzo zonse anatengedwa pa NATO bloc asilikali.