Kodi kudziwa osalimba a mwala?

mchere onse (ndi miyala Chibwezeni kwa mchere) ndi makhalidwe awiri ofunika - kulemera ndi osalimba. Ndi mwala kachulukidwe n'kofunika m'njira mwangwiro zothandiza - kuwerengera nkhokwe ya madipoziti mchere.

ndi zizindikiro zimenezi?

Pakuti chilichonse pansi kachulukidwe amatanthauza misa kugawidwa ndi buku unit. Popeza miyala (i.e. mchere) ndi omwe si yunifolomu kapangidwe monga osiyana atomiki misa zinthu, maonekedwe kachulukidwe awo zingasiyane kwambiri. Komanso miyala kachulukidwe kumadalira osati kokha pa kukula kwa mphepo, zigawo zikuluzikulu, komanso mmene mwamphamvu "odzaza" mu dongosolo lawo mkati mwa particles pulayimale.

Phunziro mafunso mchere kachulukidwe ndi chinkhoswe mu mineralogy. mwala kachulukidwe kuchita masamu ndi kugawa kulemera kwa nyemba pa wagawo buku la madzi mchere kulemera buku chomwecho pa 4 ⁰S. Mwachitsanzo, 200 gram chitsanzo kulemera. Madzi mu yofanana magalamu 40. Pankhaniyi, osalimba a mwala adzakhala wofanana 5.

Anayeza osalimba a miyala makilogalamu pa mita kiyubiki, kapena magalamu pa centimeter kiyubiki.

Kodi kupeza osalimba a mwala?

Nanga amaonekera ndi osalimba a mwala? Ndondomeko ndi wosavuta - kulemera chitsanzo choyamba mu mlengalenga ndipo kenako mu madzi. Malinga ndi mfundo Archimedes, kusiyana analandira limafanana ndi unyinji wa madzi amene displaces chitsanzo. Kachulukidwe kuchita masamu ndi kugawa chitsanzo kulemera mu mpweya kusiyana.

Malinga osalimba a mchere akhoza kukhala ofatsa, odziletsa, aakulu ndi woopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, osalimba a lubwe mwala - 2600 makilogalamu / m³. Pakuyenerera kuwala kachulukidwe osati choposa 2.5 g / cm³, sing'anga - izo ranges kuchokera 2.5 kuti 4 g / cm³, olemera - pa 4 ndi 8 g / cm³. kachulukidwe mchere owonjezera 8 g / CC ndi miyala zovuta kwambiri.

The kachulukidwe ya miyala yamtengo wapatali

Komanso osalimba ndi makhalidwe ena - mchere kuuma, ngale kapena ngale chotere Mbali yofunika monga kulemera, amayezedwa magalamu kapena carat (Y ngale - mu grana).

Kuti timvetse chiŵerengero mayunitsi deta, dziwani: 1 carat limafanana ndi mamiligalamu 200, mu pafupi 50 mamiligalamu, i.e., 1 carat wofanana nkhope zinayi. Muyeso molondola ngale - awiri malo decimal.

Bwerani kwa labu

Kodi kuyeza osalimba a kuukoka a. miyala zasayansi? Best yosayenera njira imeneyi hydrostatic. Mfundo wake anali akufuna ndi wasayansi Greek Archimedes zaka zambiri zapitazo. Akamanena za mfundo kudziwika kwa sayansi sukulu ili, thupi kumizidwa mu madzimadzi ndi anachotsedwa ndi mphamvu, amene ali wofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzimadzi osamukira monga thupi.

Mwachidule, ngati inu popachika mwala ndi kugwera mu madzi, kulemera kwake yafupika poyerekeza ndi choyambirira pa mmene akulemera voliyumu ya madzi osamukira ndi izo. Iwo ankadziwa kuti ndalama zimenezi adzakhala wofanana ndi buku yakeyake mwala.

Choncho ndi masekeli miyala motsatizana mu mlengalenga, ndiyeno m'madzi tingathe kupeza deta zonse zofunikira mawerengedwe a.

Onse - mu chikhalidwe!

Tiyeni tifike ku zipangizo achilengedwe mwala. Iwo ali, monga mukudziwa, pali mitundu ingapo. Kuyambira mfundo za maganizo, mtundu uliwonse akhoza kuchitika kwa limodzi la magulu awiri - otsika mphamvu kapena mphamvu.

Zipangizo za gulu loyamba ndi kuuma yaikulu koposa zonse, dongosolo sing'anga kapena coarse. Otchedwa nevyvetrennom boma iwo madzi pang'ono mayamwidwe. Mu zina (otsika mphamvu) thanthwe, monga dzina lake likunenera, mphamvu kwambiri m'munsi. Iwo amakhala apamwamba a mayamwidwe madzi.

Nthawi zina kuzindikira ya mitundumitundu ndi miyala chofunika kudziwa kuuma ake. M'munda, ndi bwino kuchita ndi thandizo la T. N. wachibale Mohs lonse ndi zipangizo zina. Monga improvised kutsogolera akhoza kuchita monga ndalama, galasi, wapamwamba, zitsulo singano kapena mpeni, wamba galasi wodula kapena diamondi. The kachulukidwe avareji mwala n'kofunika kudziwa mtundu wake. Atapangiratu mtengo uwu angadzamudziŵire thanthwe ponena za matebulo yeniyeni.

Ife kuwerengetsa osalimba a miyala yachilengedwe

Kodi kuwerengera kachulukidwe zikutanthauza wa nyemba mwala? Zipangizo zofunika ichi - akonzedwa a mamba ndi masikelo ndi luso chitsanzo voliyumu muyeso, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osasamba.

Chophweka njira zimenezi ndiyo poika anayeza kuchuluka kwa yamphamvu ya maphunziro pafupi theka la lita. Mu yamphamvu otere anatsanulira 200-300 ml ya madzi ndi kuika chidutswa mayeso zakuthupi mwala.

Buku okwana madzi anaikidwa chitsanzo anazindikira mwa kuchuluka kwa madzi amene anathawira mwa iwo. Ndiye, misa zawo ndi kugawa ndi masamu buku avareji okonzeka kachulukidwe zakuthupi.

Kodi Muyenera kusamala?

Tikumbukenso kuti njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kokha kwa mwala mwala wandiweyani ndi mayamwidwe otsika madzi (osakwana 2%). Ngati khalidwe ili ndi apamwamba (mpaka 5%), youma chitsanzo kale inkalemera poyamba adzaikidwa mu sing'anga amadzimadzi kuti machulukitsidwe. Ndiye, kachulukidwe pafupifupi anatsimikiza ndi njira pamwambapa. Machulukitsidwe imatengedwa wathunthu ngati madzi mayamwidwe kulemera ikutha kukula.

miyala porous (zambiri anajambulapo kapena tuff) ndi mphamvu otsika. Iwo zosavuta kusamalira - ndi hacksaw ochiritsira kuti anaona chitsanzo anakhumba mawonekedwe (mwachitsanzo, ndi kyubu) ndi muyeso wa nkhope kuwerengera buku ake.

Kodi nokha

Popeza munda maphunziro yamphamvu chokwanira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi amene anathawira motere. Mu chidebe aliyense zachitsulo za mawonekedwe cylindrical pang'ono m'munsimu mabowo pamwamba nkhonya mpanda wa msomali ochiritsira, ndiye anaikapo kuti ritsa, amene angathe kupanga paokha, kutembenuzira filimu iliyonse. M'chitetezo yamphamvu mu mpanda wake dongo kapena chuma chilichonse chimodzimodzi.

Choncho, akuguba pisitoni mita. Ngati wagawo ntchito mosalekeza, n'zomveka kuti solder paipi zitsulo kapena mkuwa.

Miyala, zopangidwa ndi manja a anthu

Chirichonse cholembedwa pamwamba amanena kuti miyala yachilengedwe. Ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi yolankhula za yokumba. Iwo akhoza kukhala khoma, msewu ndi ndege. Zimenezi, monga matailosi konkire denga ndipo amaika mumsewu matailosi, komanso mitundu yonse ya m'dera akhungu, masitepe ndi zinthu za m'chumunicho lapansi.

Kupanga pafupifupi onse miyala awa ndi mu Russia ndi kunja, ntchito okhwima mfundo luso. Iwo zonse makhalidwe waukulu onse - zipangizo khalidwe yaiwisi, kukula ndi mawonekedwe mtanda yachigawo, thupi ndi makina katundu (kuphatikizapo midadada kachulukidwe konkire).

Zofunika zimenezi zimadalira zinthu anafuna opaleshoni ndipo mabuku.

Kodi ukhoza kukhala mwala yokumba?

Konkire, kumene miyala amapangidwa, akhoza kukhala wolemera kapena kuwala. Ikuchitika miyala wake yokumba, chopangidwa wokhathamira kapena dzenje. Zolimbana khalidwe pafupifupi chochuluka kachulukidwe miyala dzenje sayenera upambana 1650 makilogalamu / m³, chifukwa corpulent - 2200 makilogalamu / m³.

Zomangamanga olingana ndi pafupifupi kachulukidwe mlingo (ndi, kuwonjezera, matenthedwe madutsidwe) amaonedwa ogwira (kachulukidwe mpaka 1400 makilogalamu / m³), salembedwa ogwira (1 400-1 650 makilogalamu / m³) ndi aakulu (kuposa 1 650 makilogalamu / m³). Ambiri mwa iwo tsopano kwa opepuka konkire, otsika kachulukidwe (mpaka 1800 makilogalamu / m³).

Lolemera yowona (monga mchenga) ndi kumva kuwawa mkulu ndi mayamwidwe otsika madzi ntchito kupanga bolodi kapena miyala msewu ndi slabs amaika mumsewu, pamene ntchito zawo aakulu kuposa pakhoma.

Osiyana yokumba mwala ndi aggregates, zomwe zingakhale khwatsi mchenga (ankaona akaphatikiza chabwino) kapena thanthwe lolimba (coarse akaphatikiza). Mwachitsanzo, miyala osalimba a mwala chachibadwa osiyanasiyana malingana ndi nusu la - fineness. The zikuchokera chikoka akaphatikiza ndipo ndithu osalimba a mwala yokumba.