Evfrosiniya Polotskaya: moyo, ntchito yophunzitsa

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - ndi woyamba Chibelarusi, ndipo malinga ndi nkhani zina zakale, ndi kum'mawa Asilavo wophunzitsa. Komanso, ife tikudziwa izo ndi monga mkazi woyamba mu Russia, mmodzi wa oyera. Ngakhale kuti moyo Euphrosyne anagwa pa nthawi imene Chikhristu kale linagawanika ndi maulemu mofanana kwambiri ngati Orthodox ndi Mpingo wa Katolika.

Nyota chachikulu cha oyera amaonedwa yomasulira ndi transcribing mabuku, komanso kumanga mchitidwe umenewu zawo ndi mipingo, chimene chiri chenicheni malo yophunzitsa za ukulu wa Polotsk.

Wotchuka Mfumukazi

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya ... The dzina lolembedwa mu makalata golide mu masamba a moyo osati uzimu komwe kunalipo m'mayiko East Asilavo, komanso mu mbiri yonse ya chikhalidwe cha Belarus.

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - wamkazi wa mfumu ndi sisitere. Koma koposa zonse, ndi odziwika mphunzitsi, amene Anasiya kukumbukira wosaiwalika mu mitima ya anthu. Pakati pa nthawi panopa ndi nthawi imene iye anali wolemekezeka otchuka ndi zaka zoposa zitatu. Ndipo kotero palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti mudziwe zambiri za unakhalabe mu mbiri ya East Asilavo anthu. Komabe, iwo ali athe kuwunika momwe kwambiri polochanke luso mkazi enlightener, akuloza kufunika kwake European. Ntchito zonse Euphrosyne, monga muno wake wotchuka Smolyatich K. ndi K. Turowski, popanda kukayika kulikonse, anati mkulu chikhalidwe chitukuko, amene ankachitika mu zaka m'dziko Chibelarusi.

The Life of Saint Mfumukazi

Tsogolo St. Euphrosyne wa Polotsk anabadwa mu 1110. Poyamba, iye anapatsidwa dzina Predslava. Anali mwana wa Polotsk kalonga Svyatoslav (mwana Vseslav Wamatsenga), ndipo kudawerengedwa kwa agogo-mdzukulu Mfumukazi Rogneda ndi Prince Vladimir. Atate Predslava sanalandire cholowa kwa makolo awo, ndipo chotero, pamodzi ndi banja lake ankakhala ku bwalo la mkulu wake - Boris Vseslavich.

buku lakuti "The Life of Euphrosyne" linalembedwa zaka za m'ma 12 mochedwa. Mlembi wake ndi losadziwika. Ambiri mwina, anali abbot kapena mmonke moyo obisika wa, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumukazi. Pali mkulu n'zokayikitsa ndipo kuti wolemba buku lakuti - mwana yokha Euphrosyne. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, izi Nkhani mwatsatanetsatane chimauza owerenga za moyo wa mkazi woyera.

Mwatsoka, "The Life of ..." mu kope lake loyamba lero sanabwere. Chifukwa chake - nkhondo ndi moto. Komabe, tiyenera kuwerenga bukulo Mabaibulo asanu ndi pafupifupi 150 mindandanda. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo cha kutchuka lalikulu la mankhwala. Mmodzi wa m'mabuku wopambana kwambiri ndi Pogodinskaya. Kunayamba m'ma 16.

"The Life of St. Euphrosyne wa Polotsk" ndi chipilala weniweni wa East Asilavo mabuku hagiographic cha m'ma 12. Text m'buku wamangidwa pa malamulo amene kusiyanitsa hagiography. Akukhulupirira kuti ntchito imeneyi ali pervoobrazets. Iwo akhoza kukhala mankhwala a "The Life of Euphrosyne wa Alexandria." Komabe, wolemba wa chipilala cha East Asilavo mabuku wapanga mu makhalidwe ake ntchito payekha. Choncho ofufuza kuona kuwala kwa dialogues ndi monologues Euphrosyne kwambiri. Zikuoneka kuti iwo anaitenga mabuku olembedwa ndi kalonga woyera.

Kapangidwe ka "Moyo wa Euphrosyne"

ntchito wotchuka ndi mperekezi ndi oyamba losafuna, chikhalidwe hagiography. Pamakhala mbali yaikulu. Limanena za moyo wa woyera polochanki kutsimikizira chitunda wake wauzimu. Otsiriza ntchito - matamando. Apa, ngakhale mwambo hagiographic, palibe nkhani ya zozizwitsa zinachitika postmortem. Kwa amene simunawerenge "The Life of Euphrosyne," chidule cha buku adzapatsidwa pansipa.

Ludzu kudziwa

Ntchito "The Life of Euphrosyne" limatiuza kuti kuyambira ubwana iye anasonyeza chikondi chachikulu pemphero la mtima ndi mabuku. Predslava maphunziro awo, buku lina, iye walandira ku St. Sophia Cathedral ndi pa zina - nyumba, mwachindunji pa bwalo kalonga (buku lino imatengedwa zambiri).

atsikana aphunzitsi anali munthu wauzimu yekha. Iwo anapereka maphunziro ake, mmalo mogwiritsa ntchito mabuku ofotokoza hagiographic ndi Lemba. Pa mawu a aphunzitsi ndi wa biographies oyera atsikana kudziwa malamulo ndi miyambo zinalili mu obisika a. Science inapatsidwa kwa iye mosavuta. M'mbali zambiri zinali patsogolo pa anzake ake. Mu "The Life ..." anatero chikondi chake zachilendo kuphunzira, luso lalikulu ndi khama. Mu Predslava izo zinali zotheka kuti mabuku. Mu nyumba kwake kunali laibulale lalikulu, pamene kuwonjezera achipembedzo mabuku mtsikana kuwerenga buku za zochita za Alexander Wamkulu, zopereka za aphorisms ndi mawu, ndi zina zotero. D. Chinachake patapita anachita chidwi ntchito ofotokoza za kutanthauzira zaumulungu ya akamanena za chikhalidwe, komanso mabuku ndi mbiri yakale .

Mu "The Life of ..." ndipo ananena kuti mtsikana wina wa zaka oyambirira ophatikizana chikondi cha maphunziro ndi pemphero maganizo. nzeru "chudilis" si makolo okha. Mbiri ya Predslava anagulitsidwa kwa mizinda yambiri.

Kusankha moyo

Mfumukazi ya Polotsk sanali kokha chifukwa cha nzeru zake, komanso kukongola. Komabe, panali mfundo zambiri banja lake, iye anakana ndilipo. Predslava bwino anasiya moyo m'dzikoli ndi zaka 12. Izi zinali nthawi imene makolo oyamba Anayamba kuganiza za kukwatira mwana wamkazi. Bakuman zinachititsa lingaliro la utumiki chosadzikonda ku malingaliro abwino ndiponso kufunika kwa makulidwe auzimu. Mfumukazi zopita kwa "Mkwati wake" - Khristu.

Predslava anapita ankakhala Polotsk msuweni, mkazi wamasiye wa amalume ake Roma Vseslavich. Iye anali abbess, ndipo akhoza kumuthandiza kukhala sisitere. Komabe Predslava zapadera kukongola ndi msinkhu wake wamng'ono ankaoneka Mfumukazi akale atakwatirana ndi malonjezo a. Choyesa akale kalonga chinathandiza bwino kwambiri ndi mkulu zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo atsikana. Abbess anaitanitsa wansembe, amene tonsured, kupereka Predslava dzina la Euphrosyne.

zaka kumene kumakhala Amonke

Ena nthawi Evfrosiniya Polotskaya anatenga Ambuye kumvera sukulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ankakhala agulupa yemweyo, amene anatenga chophimba. Komabe, pambuyo pake iye analandira madalitso a Bishop wa Polotskogo Ilii mbaenda kakhala ku St. Sophia Cathedral. chipinda kwake kunali selo - ". golbets mwala" Mu tchalitchi ichi Euphrosyne makamaka anakopeka laibulale. Mwa mabuku amene anali mmenemo, mviligoyo "ladzala ndi nzeru" ndiponso kwambiri kumvetsa chinawathandiza kuganizira wolemekezeka kwambiri.

Onse zaka awa, mmonke sanadzisiyira kukonda kuphunzira. Ndipo pamene akukhulupirira kuti maphunziro auzimu ndi mbali yofunika ya chikondi komanso kukonda anthu. Euphrosinia anayamba kulilembanso bukhu, kutsegula nzeru zonse za ntchito m'ntchito zawo. Masiku amenewo, si anthu ankachita khama. Ndipo Kuzindikira kuti ntchito koteroko mtsikana, mu unali feat.

Ena mwa mabuku, anakopera Euphrosyne, anapitiriza zogulitsa. The chimaposa ndalama pa pempho Sisitere anaperekedwa kwa osauka. Pa nthawi yomweyo wotchuka Mfumukazi anayamba kulemba mabuku awo. Mu iwo, iye okhala ziphunzitso mapemphero, komanso Mabaibulo kuchita kwa Latin ndi Greek. Komanso, Euphrosyne ankalankhula ndi abale mu mzimu ndi muno awo. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Kirill Turovsky. Mu nkhani iyi, M'busa sanapite kulimbana alipo kale. Ankafunanso "chiwalitsiro kuwala", chomwe anawonetsedwa ndi apamwamba nzeru za akazi.

Inayambira adakhala mwini

Malinga ndi "Moyo wa ..." Eliya - Bishop wa Polotsk - analandira kwa mngelo chitsimikiziro pamwamba Mulungu moyo wosasangalala ndipo utumiki Euphrosyne. Pa nthawi yomweyo mphamvu apamwamba ananena kwa iye kuti Iye ayike sisitere pa mutu wa agulupa lapansi. katatu ndi uthenga wofanana, mngelo anali ndi St. Euphrosyne, amene analandira kusankha Khristu. Pakuti malo obisika a kumatanthauza mwa kuyenda mtunda kuchokera Polotsk Selco. Palinso Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi ndipo inali malo m'manda mabishopu.

Kulanda wapadera wa hamlet wa St. Euphrosyne unachitikira St. Sophia Cathedral. Bishopu anadalitsa M'busa Eliya kumanga mu malo awa masisitere.

The heyday wa agulupa ya

Euphrosyne wa Polotsk anakhala woyambitsa wa Woyera Chiwalitsiro unani umenewo. obisika Izi ankagwira m'dziko la Polotsk. Komanso zinali sisitere ndi alongo Euphrosyne.

sukulu atsikana unakhazikitsidwa ku obisika a. Iwo anali ikuchitika ntchito yophunzitsa Euphrosyne. Mfumukazi, anapezeka ndi atsikana, kuwaphunzitsa mbiziyimba na kulemba mabuku, handicrafts ndi zina zambiri ntchito zothandiza. Ankasamalira sisitere ndipo kuti mtsikana ankadziwa lamulo la Mulungu, ndipo anali wolimbikira ntchito. Dziwani kuti sukulu zachokera ku Woyera Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa, zachititsa kwambiri kuti ukuyenda mofulumira obisika a.

yomanga kachisi

Cha m'ma 12 m'zaka za malo a mpingo matabwa Evfrosiniya Polotskaya pakati kumanga mwala. Pakuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa loto iye anabwera malangizo kwa Yohane. mmonke ichi kale anali kudziwa kumanga akachisi. Malinga "Moyo The ..." ntchito onse anapita m'malo mofulumira. Kale pambuyo kachisi masabata 30 Euphrosyne anamangidwira. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1161. "Moyo ..." limatiuza za divas zomwe zinachitika pa mapeto a yomanga. Mpheroyi chakuti mu ndondomeko yomanga watha, njerwa, ndi mwala osema miyala sankadziwa kulemba ntchito zawo. Koma tsiku lotsatira, pambuyo pa pemphero la oyera, mfitiyo anapeza zinthu zoyenera ng'anjo.

Kachisi Euphrosyne silimatha Timasangalalanso ofufuza. Kumasiyana ndi malo ambiri nthawi ya kufanana kwake, matabwa denga, komanso elongation osaka ng'oma ndi. Bakuman mlendo zikuoneka, ndi inemwini mkati mwa mpingo ngakhale mipanda yolimba, izo yodzaza ndi zipilala wandiweyani.

zida kachisi

Pambuyo pomanga mpingo watsopano Euphrosyne imene khama kuonetsetsa kuti nyumba ya Mulungu, panali chilichonse chofunika pa kulambira. Mviligoyo wapatsa amisiri amene utoto makoma zochitika m'Baibulo, zifaniziro za oyera Buku. Amazing zithunzi kukongola achita mu kwayara, komanso mu chipinda cholinga kwa M'busa.

Chifukwa adakhala anu mu mpingo anapeza Euphrosinia chithunzi cha Virgin (zozizwitsa Hodegetria Efeso). Malinga ndi mwambo, lidalembedwa ndi Luka Mlaliki yekha.

mtanda guwa

A malo apadera mu mpingo watsopano anapatsidwa zinthu zimene anapanga jeweler bwino Kievan Lazaro Lazar Bogsha. Mtanda Euphrosyne. Iye analamula sisitere wake mwapadera anamanga mpingo wake. Pa mtanda, anayang'ana kupyolera mu tsiku lenileni kupanga (1161) ndi dzina la mbuye.

Mtanda wa Saint Euphrosyne ndi mawonekedwe zisanu ndi zisonga. Akatswiri, zimenezi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwala primeval. Six malekezero a mtanda zikutanthauza masiku amenewo asanu, imene Mulungu analenga dziko. Chokongoletsedwa mwaluso wakale zodzikongoletsera luso fanizo pa mbiri yonse ya Chipangano Chatsopano ndi ku mpingo woyambirira. Cross (onani chithunzi) Euphrosyne zifaniziro za Khristu ndi Virgin, Arhangela Gavriila ndi Michael, Atumwi Paulo ndi Petro Euphrosyne chopatulika, ndipo Ioanna Predtechi. Kukometsera chinthu mbiri yakale kwambiri zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala.

Koma zotsalira zopindulitsa Ufumuyo particles a zotsalira woyera. Motero, crosshairs chapamwamba mbali yakutsogolo kwa mtanda anaikidwa mwazi wa Khristu. Pang'ono m'munsimu - ndi "Mtengo wa Moyo Kupereka." Mu crosshairs chapamwamba mbali n'zosiyana anali mwala anatengedwa kuchokera Holly Virgin, ndi pabwino m'munsimu tinthu kumasiye.

Mwatsoka, pa nkhondo ndi Nazi Germany, kachisi wasowa. Cross izi, komanso wotchuka Amber Malo, ndi chimodzi cha ntchito chidali luso, kusaka ndi kupitirirabe. Today ku St. Euphrosyne wa Polotsk obisika ndi buku lenileni la chidina, yemwe anachita mu 1997, Brest jeweler-enameller N. P. Kuzmichem.

friary

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya imatengedwa tate wa agulupa osati akazi. Mpingo wa St - obisika ndipo pamene anamangidwa ndi dongosolo lake. Virgin.

Zotsatira ziwiri akhala malo a ukulu wa Polotsk malo maphunziro. Mu lotseguka ku masukulu awo, achinyamata anaphunzira kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Apa, laibulale ndi zokambirana kulemba mabuku, komanso kuchita chizindikiro-kupenta ndi zodzikongoletsera ntchito. St Evfrosiniya Polotskaya yokha analenga ndipo kenako analemba mapemphero ndi ulaliki. Koma kuwonjezera pa ntchito yophunzitsa ake sisitere adadziwika kwa m'nthawi yake sovetchitsa ndi mtendere ndi woweruza wachilungamo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Kukhala ukalamba, Euphrosyne zopita pa Haji ku Yerusalemu woyera. Kumeneko iye, pokhala atatopa ulendo wautali, anadwala ndipo anamwalira atangopereka. Polotsk kalonga m'manda pafupi ndi Yerusalemu, m'nyumba ya ansembe yotchedwa St. Theodosius. Mu 1187 mwambo wa reburial wa woyera. zotsalira ake kusamutsidwa kwa phanga Feodos'ev Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Only mu 1910, zotsalira woyera anatengedwa kupita Polotsk.