Alexander Selkirk: yochepa yonena

Robinson Crusoe - wongopeka m'buku Danielya Defo, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1719 ntchito imeneyi wotchuka Robinson chisweke ngati ngalawa ndi akuona kuti pachilumbachi, otsalafe nokha pamaso chokumanako Lachisanu, wina kopanda chilumba wokhala.

Alexander Selkirk: yonena

History Defoe Komabe, zochokera moyo wathu wa woyendetsa Scotland. The zinachitika wa Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk (chithunzi cha chifaniziro chake limaoneka kenako) anabadwira ku 1676 mu kamudzi nsomba za wotsika Largo, mu Fife, Scotland, pafupi m'kamwa mwa Firth wa Kudzachita.

Iye anali kulemba ndi boatswain m'chombocho "Sankey ali" makalata marque ndi wakuti kusambira mu 1702-m. Eni ngalawa ndalandira kwa Ambuye asilikali corsair setifiketi, amene osati kulola zombo wamalonda ku nkono okha kwa kudziteteza ndi sitima za mayiko ena, komanso amavomereza kuukira iwo, makamaka amene kuwuluka mbendera ya maiko UK mdani. Ndipotu, privateering sanali osiyana kuberana kwazaluso - kuba idaali njira ina ndalama monga munthu wabwinobwino malonda apanyanja anasiya panthawi ya nkhondo.

Tsoka "Sankey ndiye" anali inextricably zogwirizana ndi marque wina anapita ndi Captain "St. George" William Dampier.

Chiphatso kwa cholanda

Mu April 1703 Dampier kumanzere London pa mutu wa maulendowa, amene inkakhala zombo ziwiri, wachiwiri imene inkatchedwa "Kudziwika" ndipo anali pansi pa lamulo la Captain kukoka. Komabe ngakhale pamaso zombo anasiya Zovuta, akazembe anali kugwera kunja, ndi "Kudziwika" anayamba kupalasa, kusiya "St. George" mu payekha. Dampier tidapita ku Kinsale, Ireland, ndipo kumeneko anakumana ndi "Sankey Porus" molamulidwa ndi Pickering. ziwiya onse aganiza kuti agwirizane mphamvu, ndi pangano latsopano anamaliza pakati pa atsogoleri awiri.

Dampier anali hayala Thomas kuperekezedwa, anatumiza kukaona ku South Nyanja (Pacific Ocean) kupeza ndi kufunkha zombo Spanish yonyamula chuma. atsogoleri awiri anavomera yopita m'mphepete mwa nyanja America South ndipo analanda sitima Spanish ku Buenos Aires. Ngati kupanga anali 60 000 mapaundi kapena zambiri, maulendowa amayenera kubwerera yomweyo England. Mu nkhani ya mabwenzi kulephera anakonza ulendo mozungulira Cape Horn kuukira zombo Spanish atanyamula golide m'migodi ku Lima. Ngati zimenezi sizingatheke, izo anavomera yopita ku kumpoto ndi kuyesa analanda "Acapulco", Manila chombo, nthawi onyamula chuma.

kudwala-fated ulendo

Privateering ulendo kumanzere Ireland mu May 1703, ndipo ngati inu kusuntha zinthu zinayamba kwenikweni bwino. Atsogoleri ndi anthu oyendetsa anakangana kwambiri, kenako Pickering anadwala n'kumwalira. Iye m'malo mwa Thomas Stradling. Vutolo Komabe, sanaleke. Kukwiya chifukwa kukayikirana wa anthu ogwira ntchito, woyendetsa Dampier anali akapanda molimba kupanga kuba m'kupita chiweruzo ndi, monga Motero, kwambiri kupanga anatayika. Amagwiritsidwanso amaganiziridwa kuti, pambuyo utumiki uli wangwiro, iye ndi bwenzi lake Edward Morgan sanafune kugawana zofunkha ndi ogwira ntchito.

Mu February 1704 pa amasiya pachilumba cha Juan Fernandez timu "Sankey ali" anapanduka anakana kubwerera pa bolodi. Adalira anabwerera m'chombocho ndi phukusi la Captain Dampier. Zinthu zinafika poipa, matanga ndi zida anatsala pachilumbachi, pambuyo timu am'manga ndi mthunzi mwaphuma akuona sitimayo French. Pamene tikupitiriza boti, kukonza ndi kukonza sitima, m'pofunika kuteteza nyongolotsi chombo atayika, ndi bwalo anapereka posachedwa kuyenda. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ubale magulu awiri afika mfundoyi, ndiyeno iwo anagwirizana kufika Gulf wa Panama, anagawa zofunkha ndi kupita.

Mutiny m'chombocho

Mu September 1704, "St. George" m'chombo ndi "Sankey ali" anabwerera ku Juan Fernandez pofuna kuti abwezeretse matanga ndi ngalawa, koma kunapezeka kuti ngalawa French anawatenga. Ndi apa kuti boatswain Alexander Selkirk atapanduka, kukana kupita patsogolo. Iye anazindikira kuti chikhalidwe cha chombo chidafika oipa, ndipo ubwenzi wake ndi Captain Stradling kotero yomangika kuti angakonde kuyesa mwayi awo ndi kutera pa Mas-a-Tierra, chimodzi cha zilumba bwinja wa Juan Fernández. Iye adali mfuti, mpeni, nkhwangwa, Mapila ndi fodya, komanso Baibulo, mabuku, ndi zipangizo zingapo navigation. Pa mphindi yotsiriza Alexander Selkirk wauzidwa iye pa bolodi, koma anakana Stradling.

Chifukwa cha kunapezeka, ngakhale motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake, anapulumutsa moyo wanu. Pambuyo kuchoka kwa Huana Fernandesa otaya "nthawi Sankey ndi" wakhala kwambiri moti oyendetsa anakakamizika kusiya ngalawayo ndi kusintha kwa Hiramu anatumiza kwa. Iwo anapulumuka oyendetsa 18 okha amene anakwanitsa kufika ku gombe la America South, kumene iwo anagwidwa. The Spain ndipo anthu wamba anali kuzunzidwa, kenako adalira mundende.

Alexander Selkirk: Island moyo

Pafupi ndi gombe anapeza m'phanga limene akanatha, koma miyezi woyamba anali mantha mosalidwa wake ndi kusungulumwa kuti kawirikawiri anasiya gombe, kudya nkhono. Alexander Selkirk - ndi zinachitika wa Robinson Crusoe - tsiku pansi pa gombe, kuyang'ana pa m'chizimezime ndi chiyembekezo kuona sitima, zomwe zinamuthandiza. Kangapo iye ngakhalenso kuganiza zodzipha.

zikumveka zachirendo akubwera kuchokera pansi pa chisumbu, mantha iye, ndipo ankaoneka kuti kulira kwa zirombo kukhetsa mwazi. Ndipotu, lofalitsidwa mitengo imene anagwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu. M'lingaliro Selkirk anabwera kokha pamene anagwidwa ndi gombe ndi mazana a mikango nyanja. Panali zambiri, ndipo iwo anali yaikulu ndi wochititsa mantha, kuti iye sanali n'komwe gombe, kumene okha gwero zofunika pamoyo wake.

Mwamwayi, chigwa linadzaza ndi zobiriwira zomera pafupi, mu mitengo makamaka kabichi kanjedza, omwe anakhala njira imodzi chachikulu chakudya. Komanso, Selkirk anapeza kuti chilumbacho anthu mbuzi zambiri zakutchire, mwina anachoka kumeneko ndi achifwamba. Poyamba, ankasakidwa ndi mfuti, ndipo pamene ine ndatsiriza onga, anaphunzira kuwatengera iwo ndi manja anu. Pomaliza, Alex ochepa kuŵetedwa ndi kudyetsa nyama ndi mkaka.

Vuto la chilumbachi anali wamkulu makoswe olusa amene anali ndi chizolowezi kuluma manja ake ndi mapazi ake, pamene anagona. Mwamwayi, pa chisumbu cha amphaka zakutchire moyo. Selkirk analamulira penapake, ndi usiku iwo atazunguliridwa mphasa yake, kuteteza makoswe.

chiyembekezo illusive

Alexander Selkirk akulakalaka chipulumutso ndi tsiku amafunafuna kupalasa ndi, anayatsa nyali, koma panatenga zaka zingapo zombo anapita Cumberland Bay. Komabe, paulendo woyamba sanali ndithu monga iye anali kuyembekezera.

Sangalala Alex anathamangira ku banki chizindikiro zombo ziwiri waponya akazike gombe. Mwadzidzidzi, anazindikira kuti anali Spanish! Popeza England ndi Spain anali pa nkhondo, Selkirk sadadziwe iye ankayembekezera mu ukapolo tsoka woipa kuposa imfa, tsoka la kapolo mu mgodi mchere. Kufunafuna chipani inatera, ndi kuona "Robinson", anayamba kuwombera pa iye mpaka iye anathamanga kubisika. Mu kumapeto, ku Spain anasiya kuyang'ana ndipo posachedwapa atachoka pa chilumbacho. Anapulumuka ukapolo, Alex anabwerera amphaka wake zambiri waubwenzi ndi mbuzi.

wokondwa chipulumutso

"Robinson" pa chilumba anakhalabe yekha kwa zaka zinayi ndi miyezi inayi. Iye anapulumutsidwa ndi caper wina kutsogoleredwa ndi Captain Woods Rogers. Mu chipika chombo wake, amene anatsogolera pa ulendo umenewu unali wotchuka, Rogers anafotokoza mphindi ya chipulumutso Selkirk mu February 1709.

"Tinafika pa chisumbu cha Juan Fernandez 31 January. Restock, tinakhala kumeneko mpaka February 13. Pachilumbachi, ife sanapeze munthu Aleksandra Selkirka, Scotland amene anali anachoka kumeneko ndi Captain Stradling limodzi Captain Dampier mu ulendo wake omaliza, ndipo amene anapulumuka kwa zaka zinayi ndi miyezi inayi, ndi palibe wina wamoyo, amene angalankhule, osati kachipangizo limodzi, kupatula mbuzi zam'tchire. "

Ndipotu, Selkirk, ngakhale payekha wake kukakamizidwa, anali kupempha kuti anabwera m'ngalawa monga anamva kuti mwa anapulumutsidwa anali kudwala-fated ulendo Commander "Sankey ndiye" ndipo tsopano woyendetsa pa chombo Vudsa Rodzher Dampier. Pomaliza, iye atakhulupirira kuchoka pa chilumbacho, ndipo anaikidwa wothandizira kwa ngalawa Rogers "Duke". Chaka chotsatira, pambuyo adani a Spanish chombo Nuestra Senora de A La Incarnacion Disenganio, golide magalimoto, yapamadzi Alexander Selkirk zinalengedwa boatswains watsopano ulendo chombo, anadzatchedwa ndi "Bachelor".

kubwerera

Kusambira Woods Rogers inatha mu 1711 kufika kwa mtsinjewu. The zinachitika wa Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk atabwerera inadziwika paliponse. Komabe, iye anaitanidwa kupereka umboni pa bwalo Kuthi yolimbana William Dampier Elizabet Kresvell, mwana wamkazi wa mwini wa ulendo woyamba, chifukwa zomvetsa anakhumudwitsa mu 1703.

Zitatero, "Robinson" m'sitima wamalonda m'chombo ku Bristol, kumene mlandu kumenya. Mwina mlandu anabweretsa mbali ya Dampier, komabe iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka 2.

Alexander Selkirk, yapamadzi ndi privateer Robinson, anafa pa nyanja 1721.