Chiwerengero cha Alaska, madera, mbiri

Alaska amatchedwa Dziko la Pakati pa Usiku Sun, The Lina Final, The Land Wamkulu. Amene anapeza Alaska ndi mtengo dziko lapansi kwa US? Ndani ali pa m'gawo lake?

Alaska pa map

Alaska lili kumpoto chakumadzulo United States ndi boma yaikulu ya dziko. Bering Strait umawalekanitsa iwo ku dera la Russia - Chukotka Peninsula. Kummawa, malire boma ndi Canada.

Izi boma - ndi exclave. Iwo ndi wosiyana ndi ena onse nthaka US Canada. Kuti ku Alaska kuti boma yapafupi US, m'pofunika kuthetsa makilomita 800 m'gawo Canada.

Malo okwana boma - 1.717.854 sq. Km, ndi gombe umachokera kwa 10.639 Km. Alaska Gawo ankaimira kumtunda komanso zilumba zambiri. Zikuphatikizapo ndi Aleutian Islands, Archipelago Alexander, Kodiak Island, Pribyvalova ndi St. Lawrence.

Alaska Point Barrow ndi mfundo kumpoto kwa United States, ndipo Attu Island, omwe ali mbali ya Islands Aleutian - ndi kumadzulo kwambiri.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Alaska kusamba ndi Pacific ndi Arctic nyanja, kumapanga chikhalidwe chosiyana nyengo. Mbali mkati mwa boma yodziwika ndi boma Arctic nyengo yake ndi yozizira ndi m'chilimwe ndi ofunda. Mu kumpoto kozizira nyengo: aakulu yozizira ndi yotenthera ozizira. Kutentha m'chilimwe kawirikawiri limatuluka pamwamba ziro. Pa Pacific gombe (kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa boma), nyengo ndi nyanja wofatsa, ndi zambiri mvula.

North Alaska Titafika pamalo aphimbidwa, ndi kumwera - ndi nkhalango zowirira. M'dera limeneli, mapiri ambiri ndi oundana. Yaikulu - glacier Bering, ndi malo mamita lalikulu 5800. m. Ziphala zitunda ndi mbali ya Alaska Pacific moto mphete. Phiri Shishaldin ali Unimak Island ndipo chimodzi cha mapiri waukulu Alaska.

Mitsinje waukulu kwambiri m'chigawo - ndi Yukon ndi Kuskokwim. Total ku Alaska ndi oposa 10 zikwi mitsinje ndi pa 3 miliyoni nyanja. Mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa boma ndi Arctic National Wildlife Chitetezo, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo - Dera la mafuta malo US.

Kupezeka kwa Alaska

Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi yoyamba Alaska Umuna Dezhnev anapeza m'zaka XVII. Koma mfundo imeneyi, palibe chitsimikizo cha boma. "St. Gabriel" Choncho, kutsegula Land Wamkulu amati ndi gulu la chombo. Gulu ulendo, amene mamembala anali M. S. Gvozdev, I. Fedorov, Di Pavlutsky ndi A. F. Shestakov, anafika pa dera la Alaska mu 1732.

Patatha zaka 9 pano anamuka ulendo wachiwiri pa zombo "St. Peter" ndi "St. Paul." Zombo lotsogoleredwa ndi Alexei Chirikov ndi wotchuka wofufuza Vitus Bering.

Wandiweyani chifunga anali wachibwibwi kwambiri kufufuza. Poyamba, dziko la Alaska aona kuchokera kwa gulu la "St. Paul", zinali Prince of Wales Island. Ofufuzawa anapeza kuti pali zambiri beavers anthu otters nyanja, ubweya, umene panthawi imeneyo anali ankaona wapatali kwambiri. Ichi chinali kutsogolera chachikulu chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena.

zogulitsa

Mu 1799 iye anatsegula Chirasha American kampani, yemwe walunjika ndi Alexander Baranov. Yake yogwira kusaka Beaver ubweya (lomwe kenako zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha nyama).

Zochokera m'midzi latsopano ndi madoko, masukulu poyera ndi zipatala, Mpingo wa Orthodox akuchita ntchito yophunzitsa, amene akukhala chinthu anthu Alaska. Komabe, chitukuko m'dziko okha ndi kupanga ubweya ndi ntchito yaumishonale.

Komanso, Gona kupsyinjika ndi Britain, ndi moyandikana a Russian Alaska ku British Columbia anapanga yazvimoy lake mu nkhani ya nkhondo asilikali pakati pa maiko awiri. Choncho 1857 buku lina kugulitsa ku America.

Mu March 1867 ku Washington, anasaina pangano malonda a m'dera la madola miliyoni 7.2. Mu October, kulanda boma cha dziko anagula mu Sitka (ndiye wotchedwa New Angelo).

US Alaska

Kwa nthawi yaitali m'mayiko atsopano anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa United States ndipo makamaka katswiri magulu ankhondo. Mu 1896 pali Boom weniweni golide, pamene mtsinje Klondike ku Canada, kupeza madipoziti zagolide. Ndi zovuta gawo Canada anapezedwa mwa Alaska, yomwe imameretsa kwafalikira midzi.

Mu chaka cha 1898, golide anapezeka pafupi ndi tauni ya Nome ndi mzinda wamakono wa Fairbanks, Alaska. Gold kuthamangira chinathandiza kwambiri kutukula derali. Chiwerengero cha Alaska wakula kwambiri. Anamanga njanji mwachangu ncho mchere.

The Depression Great m'zaka za m'ma XX zakhudza ndi Alaska. Iwo adasamutsidwa okhala ndi mayiko kumpoto kukweza chuma m'maderawa. Pa World Chachiwiri kudzera Alaska ndi makontena a zida za nkhondo kuti Soviet Union.

Mu 1959, ku Alaska amapeza udindo wa boma 49 US. Kenako pano kusonyeza nkhokwe kwambiri mafuta, imene kachiwiri zikutipatsa chitukuko.

Chiwerengero cha Alaska

chiwerengero cha anthu a boma ndi pafupifupi 700 000 anthu. chithunzi ichi chimavala boma mu 47.-waukulu mu dziko. Alaska anthu kachulukidwe ndi otsika ndipo anthu 0.4 pa kilometre lalikulu.

Anthu apamwamba kukula mu chikhalidwe anati pambuyo madipoziti mafuta ankagwidwa. Pamenepo anthu Alaska chawonjezeka ndi 36%. Mzinda waukulu kwambiri m'chigawo ndi Anchorage, ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 300 000.

Pafupifupi 60% ya anthu ndi woyera, anthu zakwawoko ndi pafupifupi 15%, amwenye amapanga za 5.5%, yotsala kukhala mafuko ena. Magulu waukulu dziko tikukhala mu Alaska - a ku Germany. Irish ndi English mlandu 10%, kenako Norwegians, French ndi Chi.

Missionary Russian Orthodox ali sichimaperekedwa pachabe - tsopano mu Alaska, 70% ya anthu ndi Akhristu. Chiprotestanti imatengedwa chipembedzo wachiwiri kukula, ngakhale lonse la Alaska ndi osachepera boma achipembedzo cha America.

Alaska Native

Russian, ndithudi, ankaona kuti apainiya, koma kusamukira ku dera anthu anayamba yaitali asanabwere Ofufuza. Malinga ndi asayansi, Alaskans choyamba kuno ku Siberia za 30,000 zaka zapitazo, pa kuzizira Bering Strait.

Anthu oyamba amene amapezeka mu "Dziko la Pakati pa Usiku Sun" anali Tlingit, Tsimshian Haile ndi Athabascan. Iwo ndiwo akutoma kwa makono American Indians. Mafuko ndi zilankhulo zawo ndi zikhulupiriro, makamaka zikugwira nsomba.

Patapita (pafupifupi 8 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo) m'dziko la Alaska tidapita anthu zokhudzana ndi Eskimos kapena Inuit. Awa anali mabanja a Aleut, Alutiiq ndi Inupiaq.

Anatulukira ofufuza Alaska a Russian ndinakutulutsani m'dziko la anthu m'dzikoli komanso chikhulupiriro miyambo yawo. am'deralo ambiri ntchito pa Russian. Mkulululetu mbani mu Alaska mu United States kuchuluka kwa anthu akomweko, koma chithunzi ichi pang'ono ndi pang'ono yafupika. Choncho, zaposachedwapa pali zochitika zapadera kusunga chikhalidwe cha anthu kumeneko.

Pomaliza

Alaska (USA) - wolemera dera ndi wapadera, koma aakulu chikhalidwe. Pali ambiri mapiri, mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Ndi yaikulu boma US, wopatulidwa ku United States Canada. Population Alaska anapereka magulu osiyanasiyana ndi mayiko. Pali akukhalabe ana a Amwenye ndi Eskimos, kupitiriza miyambo ndi chikhalidwe chawo.