US Communist Party, pamene anakhazikitsa, mfundo, ntchito

Mu 1919, mu miyoyo ya Anthu American andale amene anali malingaliro a Marxism-Leninism, kunali chochitika chofunika kwambiri: awo magulu awiri aakulu, mmodzi amene ankapita ndi Charles Ruthenberg, ndipo chachiwiri Dzhon kuchotsa, anakwanitsa ogwirizana ndi chifukwa anabadwa Party Communist wa United States of America .

Yambani mapangidwe chipani

Chiyambireni linakhalapo, kudali pansi atolankhani mwakhama American Justice, kukhala chinthu zingapo asilikali umalimbana kulimbana otchedwa "wofiira m'mavuto ena". M'pofunika kukumbukira osachepera wotchuka "Palmer anawazunza" ndi leftists ndi n'ngopandukira a mitundu yonse, komanso chiwerengero cha zochita zina zofanana.

Dzinali panopa US Communist Party chinapambana yekha mu 1929, pa nthawi yapita anawatcha America ogwira ntchito Party. Kuyenera anazindikira kuti zoyambirira za m'ma XX zinali chipani otchuka kuopa Marxist.

Nthawi ndi kugwa

Pakati pa magulu andale ambiri kuyesera njira ina bwanji proletarians American, udindo olemekezeka kwambiri pa kayendedwe ntchito ya Masiku amenewo anachita US Communist Party. TSB - Wamkulu Soviet Encyclopedia - amapereka umboni kuti mu nthawi iyi, kuposa zikwi zana anthu anali anthu ake. Ofufuza ntchito chipani peaking mu 1939.

Komabe, kufooka kwambiri kutchuka wa chikominisi unkachitika mu makumi asanu ndi. Ichi ndi chifukwa ambiri kunapezeka pafupi awo ndipo monga kunapezeka, osati disinterested mgwirizano ndi boma la USSR, komanso kuthandiza mitundu yonse ya "kumanzere latsopano" ndi "anthu odana ndi nkhondo".

ndalama zauve

Ilo silinali zopeka, kuyambira zalembedwa kuti ngakhale mu 1987, Soviet Achikominisi anatitumiza ku nkhani za anzawo kunja pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu dollars. Komabe, kenako perestroika ndi M. S. Gorbachov oletsedwa revenues a zachuma.

Monga zinadziwika, mu M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Party Communist wa United States sanali achabechabe idler CPSU mokhulupirika adawafotokozera ndalama. Ambiri a nyumba ake anali kuyang'aniridwa mwachindunji kwa GRU ndi NKVD. Mwa njira, malinga okha ku America, ambiri a anthu okhudzidwa mgwirizano ndi Soviet utumiki nzeru, anali Akhristu a Party Communist.

Mu July 1948, US Congress unachitikira kumva anthu za mlanduwu. The mboni waukulu anali Whittaker Chambers ndi Elizabeth Bentley - kale wothandizila Soviet, komanso ambiri a Party Communist, adatsutsika espionage. Umboni wawo zikutsimikizira mauthenga irrefutably decrypt wailesi anatumizidwa kuchokera United States. The Party Communist, atataya kale ndi nthawi kutchuka chifukwa cha zokhudza izi amamuonera chithunzi cha "ndime yachisanu."

nthawi lolimba

Kumayambiriro kwa makumi anai ndi makumi asanu, za zana ndi makumi achikomyunizimu kuphatikizapo udindo wapamwamba mamembala a chipanichi ndi ntchito za ake chisankho cha bwalo anaweruzidwa kuti maunso m'ndende. Maziko ili linali lamulo linkadziwika kuti "Smith Act" amapereka chilango kwa anthu amene mwanjira ina amathandiza kuti chiwonongeko cha boma lovomerezeka.

Chifukwa chakuti osiyanasiyana zinthu zimene akugwa pansi pa nkhani ya chilamulo zingaoneke tafotokoza, ndi thandizo ake mukhoza kutumiza ku ndende iliyonse zokayikitsa kuposa, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya America. Mu nthawi yomweyo, mgwirizano anakonza msonkhano dziko, limene anaganiza kuti achotse pa nambala khumi awo ogwira ncthito mabungwe omwe anathandiza Communist Party USA. Choncho, kayendedwe ntchito wasonyeza chilakolako chake ubwenzi yekha ku bungwe lilibe ndale.

"McCarthyism" nthawi

Chiyambireni cha makumi asanu mu dziko anayamba kayendedwe ka otchedwa McCarthyists - kumbali ya US Kazembe Dzhozefa Reymonda McCarthy, kulankhula kwa yimitsira yogwira wa Communist ndi odana ndi American amaganiza anthu. udindo wake anali thandizo lonse mwa anthu, amene amakula vuto kale zovuta zomwe panali Communist Party USA. chiletso A zochita zake sichinayambe ziletso, koma, ngakhalebe, mtendere ndi dongosolo mkati mwa gulu kwambiri anagwedezeka.

Pamwamba pa mavuto ntchito Communist anakhala anazunzidwa pansi pa FBI kufalitsidwa mu zaka za pulogalamu kupondereza ntchito odana ndi boma ndi espionage. Zimenezi ambiri mamembala wamba a chipani, safuna vuto akutuluka umembala wake komanso anthu ntchito za anthu amene ali pa ufulu, anafulumira kulengeza poyera kuti ndi okhulupirika kwa akuluakulu a boma.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Party tithe mu zaka zao za sikisite ndi

Mu zaka zao za sikisite, ndi Party Communist wa United States ochepa anapita zochita zake likuvutika kulowa naye mu odana ndi nkhondo - mamembala a gululi anthu mtendere ndi kukana mavuto padziko lonse kudzera asilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo monga msilikali wa chikominisi ndi kulumikiza Chatsopano Kumanzere.

Amenewa anali oimira mabungwe a mphamvu Marxist, koma mfundo yake wotanganidwa kwambiri kumanzere malo. Iwo sankafuna kupanda uzimu wa dziko kumadzulo, chilakolako ambiri kwa patsogolo kulakwila makhalidwe abwino. atsogoleri Communist zaka amachirikiza m'gulu lomenyera ufulu, mutu umene pambuyo pake aphedwe Martin Luther King.

Party anagawa mapeto a Mipingo ya

Kusiyana, chikominisi ndi Party Communist la America zinachitika mu Mipingo mochedwa, pamene iwo anadzudzula kukonzanso ikuchitika Russia. ufulu umenewu ataya iwo kwambiri, ndipo mwa lingaliro loona mawu. Popeza 1989, boma la Russia watha kuwapatsa chithandizo cha ndalama.

Kupanda ndalama logwedezeka ndi intransigence maganizo a ena comrades American, ndi pa zokambirana zapadera za msonkhano umene unachitika mu 1991, anaitana kusiyidwa kwa Leninism ndi reorientation la ku sosholisimu demokalase.

Awa "refuseniks", akuvomereza, anali ochepa, kenako anatuluka zikuchokera kwa Party, anakhazikitsa wodziimira bungwe landale. Komabe, kuchoka kwake anapanga kugawanika monga msilikali wa chikominisi, motero kwambiri wofooka anzake akale phwando.

Gulu lomwe wokanayo chiwawa

Mwa kuyenda andale, kulengeza cholinga chake chapamwamba ulimi zokomera, tiyenera ndi Communist Party USA. Malingaliro a chipani Komabe, kwathunthu kwambiri pa kusintha mtendere mitundu zokomera wa kasamalidwe ndi nationalization njira zofunika kupanga.

American achikomyunizimu pa ntchito yawo, salandira njira iliyonse chiwawa, umalimbana kusintha zinthu zilipo. Ndendende chifukwa cha zimenezi mu mbiri yake, si oletsedwa ndi US Party Communist, ngakhale izo mobwereza pansi kuthamanga kuboma.

Olowa podzudzula anthu bourgeois

Ngati Tikayerekeza pulogalamu ya Party Communist la America kuti chikalata chomwecho, anzawo Soviet, kuti pamodzi ndi zambiri zofanana kuti atchuke ndi kusiyana kwambiri. chimagwirizanitsa Kodi iwo pamwamba kutsutsa anthu onse anamanga pamaziko a chuma payekha.

Pulogalamu American Mwachitsanzo, zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chakuti bizinesi ano, ntchito zimene angathe kuchita atolankhani pansi pa ulamuliro wake, kupatutsa kalasi ntchito ndi ogwirizana wake amapanga ntchito kwambiri makhalidwe amenewa zosayenera, kulimbikitsa wa odana ndi chikominisi, chauvinism dziko, odana Semitism, homophobia ndi sexism .

mosiyana nkhani zosiyanasiyana imachepa

Komabe, mfundo zingapo za pulogalamu ya American kosaoneka mfundo womulera ndi Soviet Union. Mwachitsanzo, mu zosatheka malinga ndi mfundo Soviet wa khalidwe cholinga chawo kwa zokhudza mavuto a ing'onoing'ono kugonana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi. Mosiyana ndi miyezo Soviet maganizo, kunja Achikominisi kuganizira LGBT dera mphamvu mwapang'onopang'ono, amene udindo wakhala likunena kuwonjezeka m'deralo, ndi kuti akhale atithandize pomenyera kukwaniritsa zolinga.

Maganizo awo, homophobia ndi matenda pa anthu ing'onoing'ono kugonana ndi zida m'manja mwa zinthu bwino-mapiko, umalimbana kwenikweni kupanga kugawanika wotsutsana ndi. pulogalamu wanena kuti, capitalizing pa maganizo olakwika makhalidwe ndi banja mfundo yoyenera kuyesa kupeza mwayi wa homophobia pakati kalasi ntchito chotero kukopa kwa mbali.

The chakudya yaikulu ya pulogalamu American Communist

Chimodzi mwa zinthu pa pulogalamu yake ya American Achikominisi kulengeza kulimbana ufulu wa ing'onoing'ono kugonana. Kumene, chirichonse monga anzawo a Soviet konse chibwibwi. Pali zina zambiri kusiyana ofunika mapulogalamu Communist olekanitsidwa ndi nyanja.

Masiku ano, chakudya yaikulu ya Communist Party of America pulogalamu ndi nkhondo umodzi wa kalasi antchito ndi kukana mitundu yonse mitundu tsankho homophobia ndi kusankhana mitundu. Chimodzi mwa zofunika ndi kukhazikitsa malipilo dziko osachepera madola khumi ola limodzi, ndiponso kutha kwa chizunzo anthu ochokera oletsedwa. Komanso, chikominisi, amalimbikira pa achire wa asilikali Iraq ndi kuchepetsa ndalama asilikali.

chipani anapulumuka adani ake

Masiku ano, Party Communist ya US, chiwerengero cha, malinga ndi malipoti ena, anthu zosaposa zikwi khumi ndi zisanu, wapangidwa maselo ang'onoang'ono kuti zochokera ndodo, masitolo, Makampani ndi mabungwe ena. Anthu maselo amenewa wakhala analimbikitsa kufika la alendo awo chokumanako. Izi zimathandiza kuti abweretse kutsogolera yatsopano ku zokambirana kupitirirabe kumeneko.

Ngakhale kuti Party Communist wa United States zochokera chomwecho mfundo maganizo zina maphwando onse Marxist-Leninist, ndi magawo nawo cholinga, Achimereka, monga tatchulazi, konse anaitana chiwawa lotseguka kuti akwanilitse zolinga zawo.

N'zovuta kunena, kodi pali zambiri - umunthu, mawerengedwe ozizira ndi tanthauzo yaikulu ya zitetezeke, koma analola American Achikominisi bwinobwino kupulumuka adani ambiri akhala gawo la mbiri lero.