Chachiwiri Pulezidenti US Dzhon Adams: A MBIRI

Dzhon Adams ndi wodziwika monga pulezidenti chachiwiri US (1797-1801 biennium). unyamata wake anagwa ulamuliro British. Zitasintha anakhala wotchuka anthu chithunzi ndi akuluakulu. Ndi kuchoka ku ofesi ya Pulezidenti Adams anasiya chinkhoswe mu ndale, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri anakhala mwakachetechete kwayekha.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Tsogolo la pulezidenti chachiwiri US anabadwa m'chaka cha 1735 ku Quincy. Mwa mfundo American, izo zinkayenera mizu ya resettlement. Great-agogo Adams anapita kumadzulo, analandira maekala 40 m'dziko molamulidwa ndi Mfumu Charles Ine Stuart.

John anabadwa mu ulimi banja. Kale kukhala munthu wachikulire, iye anasiya Maulendo kwambiri ndi epistolary cholowa. Mu Maulendo Ake, pulezidenti chachiwiri US analankhula ndi kunyada za atate wake, kumuyitana "owona anthu ambiri wachilungamo." Kolonistskoy Malinga ndi mwambo, banja lonse linali ndalama chinachake kutumiza mwana wamkulu ku koleji. Mu 1755, chaka Adams maphunziro Harvard. sayansi amalikonda anayamba zinenero, makamaka Latin. Anali kuwelenga ngati ufulu kuganiza olemba Choonadi, onse Milton ndi Voltaire, komanso zapamwamba - Plutarch ndi Virgil. Education wachita ntchito yake - Adam anasiya wachipembedzo ntchito, amene uwale kwa iye pambuyo koleji.

Mphunzitsi ndi loya

Mu unyamata wake, Dzhon Adams ntchito monga mphunzitsi sukulu. Iye sanafune kusiya kumeneko ndipo anayamba kuphunzira malamulo. Mu 1758, Adams anakhala loya, ndipo izi yapindula atchuke. Tsogolo pulezidenti lachiwiri la United States ankakhala Boston - umodzi mwa mizinda yaikulu American pa nthawi. Panali kuonekeratu moyo, kutanthauza kwambiri ntchito kwa loya wakhama.

Ntchito kugwedezeka kwa Adams anayamba wotsimikiza za asilikali a ku Britain amene amamangidwa zotsatirazi zachiwawa zimene analandira udindo mu historiography ya Boston kuphedwa. mulandu uwu unachitika mu 1770. Loya ungwiro chitetezo chake ndi kupulumutsidwa ku mapeto a anthu angapo.

Kuthandiza pa zandale

ntchito ndale Adams anayamba mu 1765, pamene iye anali mu atolankhani anasonyeza kusakhutira kwawo ndi boma la Britain linakhazikitsa Act sitampu. Lamulo limeneli akusokoneza ntchito zina pa ntchito wotuluka onse amene ankawalamulira American. Ndipotu, Britain kamodzinso ndalama zambiri m'mayiko awo kunja. mchitidwewo chinaperekedwa kuti kutseka dzenje bajeti ya Ufumu, anapanga pa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri nkhondo mu Europe. Ndi kutsutsa nkhaniyi ndipo anaonekera kulisindikiza pulezidenti wotsatira wa USA. Photos kusungidwa mu m'nyumbayi wa Declaration choyambirira cha wodzilamulira mulinso siginecha yake.

Kenako mu 1776, Adams anali kale wotchuka wandale komanso odziwa intricacies malamulo. Izi talente yake akatswiri ndi zothandiza kwa pulezidenti tsogolo la Ngelezi Congress, pamene madera Chingelezi anaganiza kusiya dziko mayi awo.

nthumwi

Pa Chiwukirano nkhondo American , Adams sanali kutsogolo, koma ambiri akuchita pa ntchito malamulo ndi zamtendere. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa olemba a malamulo a dziko la utangoyamba boma la Massachusetts. Dziko limeneli anali mbadwa mfundo dziko, ndipo, ndithudi, iye sakanakhoza kukhala kutali ndi amalonda ozungulira.

Mu 1777-1779 gg. Adams anali woyamba kazembe US ku France. Bourbon ufumu kale anazindikira ufulu wa mayiko kuti kufooketsa malo a United Kingdom. Ufumu anathandiza America ndi asilikali. Pamene nkhondoyo inatha ndi kugonjetsedwa ya British, pangano mtendere chinasainidwira osati kulikonse, koma Paris. Kumeneko, 1783 ndipo anapezeka John Adams, amene anatenga nawo mbali kukafola mfundo za mgwirizano. Pamenepo ntchito yake zamtendere ali likupitirirabe. Loya linali zaka zingapo kazembe ku Great Britain, ndiye mu 1788 iye atabwerera kwawo.

Wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko

Maonekedwe pa US zoweta ndale powonekera Adams anasankha bwino kwambiri. Monga dziko anali kulandira kusintha malamulo inafunika polenga boma bwino kachitidwe. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kusintha mu 1789 anapereka US pulezidenti chake choyamba - Dzhordzh Vashington.

Adams anali wachiŵiri lake lapamtima ndi kutsatira. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Washington kukhala mu mphamvu, iye anali mpando wa wachiwiri kwa Pulezidenti - udindo wachiwiri bureaucracy lapansi.

Mutu wa boma

Dzhon Adams (amene anali pulezidenti lachiwiri la United States) anasankhidwa mutu wa boma mu 1797, pambuyo pa mapeto a nthawi ya ofesi George Washington. Zinali nyengo yovuta, zonse zochitika yowala. Young boma American anapitiriza kufunafuna kuzindikira lonse, kukhala zomangamanga mkati ndipo ndinakulira wolemera.

Pamaso Adams likulu anali mu Philadelphia, kumene, makamaka unachitika ndi Ngelezi Congress. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII anaganiza kumanga mzinda watsopano kuti adzakhale malo a zamakono anthu. Wotchuka White House anafika pa nthawi imene udindo anali kulamulidwa ndi pulezidenti ndi wachiwiri pa United States. The yonena za mfundo ili linali lodzaza ndi zosankha zovuta.

Pamene Adams anayamba nkhondo zamtendere ndi France, m'kukoma kusiyana fleets wa mayiko awiri mu Atlantic Ocean. nkhani imeneyi mbiri dzina lake XYZ Chifukwa. Motero kwambiri bwanji m'banja Washington.

Nkhondo ndi France anali podzudzula Adams ankhanza kuti chosintha ku Paris. Pa nthawi iyi, Jacobites nagubuduza lachifumu ndipo ngakhale kuphedwa kwa mfumu. Komanso, rapprochement ndi United States anapita mdani wosatha wa France, Great Britain. Izi zinachitika ngakhale ku zolemetsa zaka pakati pa dziko kale amayi ndi amene ankawalamulira.

Achimereka ndi British anasaina Jay Pangano, ndi Mlengi amene anali wachiwiri kwa Pulezidenti US Dzhon Adams. Mayiko awiri anakhazikitsa ntchito ndipo kuyambira pamenepo nthawi zonse chidwi kugwirizana. mikangano yotere ndiko ndi France mtengo asapita kuonongeka pakati Washington ndi Paris.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Adams anali ndi wotsutsa wamkulu wa upainiya mfundo ina Thomas Jefferson American. Mu 1801, anakhala pulezidenti lachitatu la United States. Adams anasiya ndondomeko ndipo palibe yaitali posts iliyonse. Komabe, anapitiriza mwakhama danga anthu kulankhula pamene iye anali munthu payekha. Wamng'ono Adams anayamba chizolowezi kulemba. Ndi zaka anali atasunga mfundo yaikulu ndi yofunika kwambiri. Nkhani zokhudza ulendo wake (lofalitsidwa kenako) amapereka kasupe zofunika zokhudza zaka zoyambirira za kukhalako kwa United States ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali pa zosankha zazikulu.

Adams anafa mwamtendere 1826 ku Massachusetts kwawo. Iye anali ndi zaka 90. Ana adzakumbukira iye monga mmodzi wa makolo woyamba wa United States, anakhala ndiAmene wa mtundu American.