Mbiri ya kasamalidwe, masukulu amafotokoza ndi magawo a chitukuko

Management monga luso la boma anayambitsa kalelo. Mafotokozedwe a Iye ngati mtundu wa ntchito anthu opezeka m'mabuku a Socrates. The wakale Greece dzina, amene ankakhala woyamba Zakachikwi BC, limafotokoza ndondomeko yosamalira anthu pofuna kuika munthu wina pa malo ena ake kuti iye mukufuna kwa polojekitiyo. Tikayang'ana magwero ambiri zilipo, kasamalidwe mbiri anayambitsa zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo, ndi sayansi yokha anthu yosamalira unachitikira mu mapangidwe magawo ake angapo osiyana.

Anthu mbiri isanayambe amene anakhala padera sankafunika kusamalira iwo akuchitazo. Cholinga cha moyo wawo inali moyo pa mavuto a chikhalidwe. makolo athu akale pooled moyo pamodzi mafuko, anafunika kutseka kwa iwo munthu wanzeru, kupanga zosankha zabwino fuko lonse, kuthetsa kusamvana mwa fuko, ndi mlandu wa chilango chinachake wosalakwa. Munthu anali mtsogoleri. Monga kuchuluka kwa magulu chikhalidwe cha anthu panafunika gulu la ntchito Komabe, ntchito ili analinso kuti lizilamuliridwa ndi munthu kuchokera kunja. Choncho pali zoyamba loyamba la kasamalidwe magulu munthu wa anthu olekanitsidwa ndi udindo wawo akatswiri.

Mbiri ya kasamalidwe m'njira zamakono za mawu ikuyamba ndi mafakitale, zomwe zinachitika m'zaka 17-19. Iwo anali pa nthawi imeneyi ku Ulaya, pali woyamba kupanga ogwira kudziŵa mabwana moona luso. Management Science akufotokozera pofika cha m'ma 19. Panthawi imeneyi, pali ntchito choyamba asayansi wodzipereka kwa mtundu umenewu anthu.

Magawo ndi masukulu mbiri ya kasamalidwe

Management monga ntchito katswiri chikuoneka kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi American H. Tawney mu lipoti lake wokonzedwera kwa ulaliki pa msonkhano wa Society of Mawotchi Akatswiri. Pa msonkhano umenewu choyamba anatchula mfundo yake kuti anthu ayenera kuphunzitsidwa-Ngopambana.

Total mu mbiri ya ganizo chuma m'ma 20 anapanga sukulu ulamuliro zisanu:

- Scientific Management School (adayambitsa F. Taylor, analemba mabuku ambiri pa phunziro);

- Administrative School (kholo - French injiniya A. Fayolle);

- kachulukidwe sukulu (nthumwi - J. Thompson, G. Ackoff, D. March);

- behaviourist sukulu (mapangidwe ake amagwirizana ndi chitukuko za khalidwe la anthu ndi kuwerenga maganizo, amaonedwa oimira odziwika a Charles Bernard, F. Herzberg, C. Argyris);

- ubale wa anthu sukulu (adayambitsa - American E. Mayo).

Mbiri ya kasamalidwe zikuphatikizapo njira zisanu zofunika mu ulamuliro wa chitukuko yoyamba imayambira tikuyamba zaka za m'ma 20 ndi chikugwirizana ndi nthawi ya chiyambi cha sukulu ya kasamalidwe sayansi. The zikamera wa sukulu utsogoleri Fayol khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 20 amalembedwa isanayambike gawo lachiwiri la kasamalidwe chitukuko.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mbiri ya kasamalidwe ndalama kumayambira United States. Wachiwiri World nkhondo amakhudza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha kasamalidwe ganizo, zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pa mapeto a chimodzimodzi monga gawo lachitatu la kukhathamiritsa wa kasamalidwe.

Siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha kasamalidwe zinthu zokhudza sayansi - kuwerenga maganizo, amene ikupita patsogolo. Pakuti gawo lachisanu la kasamalidwe chitukuko (80s.) Amakhala ndi atulukira ndi limagwirira amphamvu monga kapangidwe ka gulu. kasamalidwe Modern amagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha makompyuta ndi zochita zokha kupanga. Lero, nkhani sikuthetsa kasamalidwe, kasamalidwe sayansi akupitiriza kusintha ndi kusintha.