Caspian limati: khadi malire. Amene dziko ndi osambitsidwa ndi Nyanja ya Caspian?

Kufikira tsopano, mtsutso za udindo wa Nyanja Caspian yafika. Chakuti, ngakhale dzina wamba, akadali padziko lonse lapansi osachiritsika nyanja. Nyanja anawatcha chifukwa cha zinthu zimene ali kapangidwe ka pansi. Iwo aumbike mwa kutumphuka zikuluzikulu. Komanso, madzi m'nyanja ndi mchere. Ngati nyanja, pali zambiri mikuntho ananena ndi mphepo yamphamvu kuti kwezani mafunde.

madera

Nyanja ya Caspian ili pa mphambano ya Ulaya ndi Asia. Mu mawonekedwe, izo zikutikumbutsa mmodzi wa zilembo - S. kuchokera kum'mwera kwa nyanja kumpoto anatambasula kwa 1200 Km, ndi kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo - kuchokera 195 mpaka 435 Km.

Caspian Nyanja gawo si yunifolomu zinthu thupi komanso malo. Pa nkhani imeneyi izo conventionally mbali 3. Zikuphatikizapo North ndi Middle ndi South Caspian.

m'mayiko riparian

Amene dziko ndi osambitsidwa ndi Nyanja ya Caspian? Pali asanu okha:

1. Russia, yomwe ili kumpoto, kumadzulo, ndi kumadzulo. Gombe a boma pamodzi Nyanja Caspian ndi 695 Km. Apa zili mbali ya Russia Kalmykia, Dagestan ndi Astrakhan dera.
2. Kazakhstan. Dziko pa Nyanja ya Caspian, yomwe ili kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kum'mawa. M'litali mwa nyanja yake ndi 2320 Km.
3. Turkmenistan. Map of Caspian limati limasonyeza kuti dziko lili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa beseni madzi. Utali Chilwa pamodzi mzere gombe ndi 1200 Km.
4. Azerbaijan. boma, kukuchitika m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Caspian pa 955 Km, m'malire m'mphepete mwake kum'mwera kumadzulo.
5. Iran. Map of Caspian limati limasonyeza kuti dziko lili pa chakumwera kwa undrained Lake. Kutalika kwa malire ake apanyanja ndi 724 Km.

Caspian - Nyanja?

Pakali pano, mkangano si anatsimikiza kuitana thupi wapadera wa madzi. Ndi yankho ku funso limeneli n'kofunika. Popeza kuti mayiko onse mu Caspian Nyanja ali mu zinthu za dera lomwe. Komabe, funso kugawa thupi ili yaikulu madzi, maboma zisanu sangathe kusankha nthawi yaitali. Mkangano waukulu anatembenuka pano. Caspian Nyanja - akadali nyanja kapena nyanja? Ndi yankho ku funso limeneli ndi chidwi osati geographers. Choyamba m'pofunika andale. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.

limati Caspian monga Kazakhstan ndi Russia amakhulupirira kuti m'malire awo m'chigawo tinatchulidwa ndi nyanja. Pa nkhani imeneyi, oimira mayiko awiri amaumirira ntchito panganoli UN anavomera mu 1982, izo nkhawa malamulo apanyanja. Chakudya cha chikalata ichi limati limati m'mphepete mwa nyanja wapatsidwa dvenadtsatimilnaya madzi zone pamodzi ake malire. Komanso, dziko ali ndi ufulu chuma m'madzi m'deralo. Iwo lili pa mtunda wa mailosi mazana awiri. Ali ndi ufulu boma nyanja komanso pa alumali chokhala. Komabe, ngakhale gawo linafalitsidwa kwambiri kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi kuchepera kuposa zikalata lonse kutali. Pankhaniyi, mfundo za mzere apakatikati ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mu nkhani iyi, Caspian analemba kwambiri monga wa malire m'mphepete mwa nyanja, adzalandira zikuluzikulu gawo.

Iran pankhani imeneyi maganizo ananena. mamembala ake amakhulupirira kuti Caspian Nyanja uwagawire mwachilungamo. Pankhaniyi, mayiko onse apeza peresenti makumi awiri a m'gawo m'madzi. Udindo wa boma Tehran mukhoza kumvetsa. Ndi njira, nkhani boma adzakhala kusamalira malo lalikulu kuposa mu nyanja mzere wolekanitsa pakati.

Komabe, Caspian Nyanja chaka ndi chaka kwambiri amasintha mlingo wake madzi. Sikutheka kudziwa mzere yapakati ndi kugawa gawo pakati limati. Chotero ya Caspian Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan ndi Russia anasaina mgwirizano ndi wina ndi mnzake, kumasulira pansi m'madera amenewa imene zipani adzakhala ufulu zachuma. Choncho, m'madera kumpoto kwa nyanja anafika ena osayanjanitsika malamulo. The kum'mwera ya Caspian mayiko zochita wamba siinafike. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo sakuzindikira za mapangano anafika anansi kumpoto.

Caspian Nyanja - nyanja?

Otsatira view molingana ndi chakuti madzi, yomwe ili pa mphambano ya Europe ndi Asia, chatsekedwa. Pankhaniyi, sikutheka ntchito chikalata pa malamulo a malamulo adziko lonse apanyanja. Gululi chiphunzitso ichi amakhulupirira kuti iye anali kulondola, kunena za mfundo kuti Caspian Nyanja palibe kugwirizana zachilengedwe ndi Ocean World. Koma izi zikutipatsa vuto lina. Ngati nyanja ndi ya Caspian, pa malire a mfundo zimene mayiko ayenera kumatanthauza pa expanses ake madzi? Mwatsoka, zikalata izi sizinachitike otukuka. chakuti mayiko mafunso nyanja paliponse ndipo palibe takambirana.

Caspian Nyanja - thupi wapadera wa madzi?

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba pali wina Mfundo yachitatu ndi maganizo umembala wa thupilo chodabwitsa cha madzi. othandizana naye ali ndi maganizo kuti Caspian Nyanja tiyenera kuiona ndi beseni mayiko madzi, wachokera mofanana m'mayiko ake onse oyandikana nawo. Mu lingaliro lawo, chuma m'maderawa imvera ntchito anzake a maiko oyandikana ndi dziwe.

nkhani Security

limati Caspian kuyesetsa kuti tithetse mavuto onse amene alipo. Ndipo zina zabwino zomwe zikuchitika Tingaone pankhaniyi. Imodzi mwa njira kuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto a m'dera Caspian, anali pangano anasaina 18.11.2010, pakati pa mayiko onse asanu. Imafotokoza nkhani ya mgwirizano mu chitetezo dera. Mu chikalata ichi, mayiko anagwirizana pa olowa kuthetsa uchigawenga m'chigawo cha ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuzembetsa, poaching, Money mwachinyengo, ndi zina zotero. D.

chitetezo Environmental

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. The m'dera lina limene Caspian limati Europe ndi ku Asia - chigawo chapansi pa chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka mafakitale. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan ndi Azerbaijan ndi anaponya zinyansi madzi Caspian ku kufufuza ndi kupanga mphamvu. Ndipo ndi m'mayikowa pali ambiri zitsime za mafuta anasiya kuti si akubera chifukwa cha imfa, koma kupitiriza zimakhudza likuwonongekera chilengedwe. Koma Iran, izo resets mu nyanja madzi zinyalala ku ulimi ndi zimbudzi. Russia ukhoza kuwononga zachilengedwe za kuipitsa dera mafakitale. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito zachuma amene anayamba mu Malo Volga.

M'mayiko ya Caspian apanga ena patsogolo polimbana ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe. Choncho, kuchokera 12.08.2007, dera ali M'chilamulo mphamvu convection, omwe cholinga cha kuteteza Nyanja ya Caspian. Chikalatachi anayamba kamba kuteteza chuma kwachilengedwenso ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu zotsatira anthu mu malo m'madzi. Malinga convection ichi, maphwando ayenera kucheza kuchititsa zinthu kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe mu Nyanja ya Caspian.

Mu 2011 ndi 2012, mayiko onse asanu lalembedwa ndi zikalata zina zogwirizana ndi kuteteza chilengedwe m'madzi. Pakati pawo:

• Protocol pa Cooperation, Anayankha ndi kukonzekera dera pa zosayembekezereka wa milandu, zikubweretsa kuipitsa mafuta.
• Protocol zokhudza chitetezo cha dera ndi kuipitsa ku magwero dziko ofotokoza.

payipi Development

Pakali pano, dera Caspian ndi sanathetsedwe vuto lina. Koma pali vuto kuika mpweya payipi Nabucco. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yofunika njira ntchito ya West ndi United States, amene akupitiriza kufufuza magwero a mphamvu zina kuti Russian. Ndicho chifukwa polimbana ndi nkhani zipani sizikhudza m'mayiko ena monga Kazakhstan, Iran ndipo, ndithudi, Russian. Brussels ndi Washington Ntchito mawu a Pulezidenti wa Turkmenistan anapanga Baku pa 18.11.2010, pa nsonga ya atsogoleri a mayiko Caspian. Iwo akuluakulu a Ashgabat yomanga za payipi anali akufuna. Akuluakulu Chitekimeni amakhulupirira kuti ntchito ayenera akuyendera. Pa nthawi yomweyo chilolezo yake yomanga payipi ayenera kupatsidwa okhawo States, mu madera a pansi umene adzakhala ili. Ndipo Turkmenistan ndi Azerbaijan. Iran ndi Russia atsutsa chotero malo ndi polojekiti palokha. Pankhaniyi, iwo ankatsogoleredwa ndi kutetezeredwa ya Caspian topezeka. Pakali pano, ntchito yomanga payipi si amachitika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa ophunzira ntchito.

Kukhazikitsa udachitikira loyamba

M'mayiko ya Caspian mowirikiza kufunafuna njira kuthetsa mavuto a kukanikiza Eurasian dera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anakonza msonkhano wapadera wa owayimilira. Choncho, udachitikira loyamba la Caspian limati littoral unachitikira mu April 2002. bwaloli anali Ashgabat. Komabe, msonkhanowo analephera ziyembekezo. udachitikira ankaona kulephera chifukwa cha zofuna Iran kwa gulu la malire a nyanja m'magulu 5 ofanana. Izi m'gulu zotsutsana ndi maiko ena. owayimilira kuteteza mfundo awo view kuti kukula kwa madzi national zogwirizana ndi kutalika, umene uli m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya boma.

Kalanga udachitikira ndi chikwiyire mkangano pakati Ashgabat ndi Baku pa katundu minda mafuta atatu inali pakati pa nyanja Caspian. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, atsogoleri a limati asanu osati anayamba kugwirizana pa aliyense wa nkhani anakweza. Komabe, litatha pangano kukachititsa msonkhano wachiwiri. Iye anali kuonedwa mu 2003 ku Baku.

The Caspian udachitikira yachiwiri

Ngakhale mapangano alipo, pochita misonkhano anakonza anali kulephereka pachaka. Pa nsonga wachiwiri wa mitu ya Caspian limati anasonkhana yekha 16.10.2007 wu anakhala Tehran. msonkhano anakambirana nkhani apakhungu zokhudza tanthauzo la za malamulo a thupi wapadera wa madzi, chimene ndi ya Caspian. mayiko mwa madzi a gawo akhala anavomera mu drafting la msonkhano latsopano. Komanso adandaulapo chitetezo zachilengedwe, chuma ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko riparian. Komanso, zotsatira za ntchito anali mwachidule, zomwe boma unachitikira udachitikira choyamba. Mu Tehran, anthu a mayiko asanu apeza njira za mgwirizano zina m'chigawochi.

Kukwaniritsa pa Summit Chachitatu

Apanso, mutu wa maiko Caspian anakumana ku Baku 18.11.2010 Chifukwa cha udachitikira anali kusaina mgwirizano kukuza mgwirizano nkhani chitetezo. Pa msonkhano izo ananena kuti ena a dziko osambitsidwa ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, ndipo muyenera kupereka potsimikizira-uchigawenga, umbanda transnational, kuchuluka kwa zida, ndi zina zotero. D.

udachitikira chachinayi

Apanso, Caspian States adandaulapo awo Astrakhan 29.09.2014 Pa msonkhano wa atsogoleri a mayiko asanu walemba mawu ena.

Iwo analemba nkhani mbali yekha lamanja la maiko m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian malo ankhondo. Koma pa msonkhano wa udindo Caspian Nyanja sizinapezekebe potsiriza kusintha.