Mgwirizano ndi divergence mu zamoyo. Akamanena za zochitika ndi zitsanzo

Malinga ndi zamoyo zinachita kusintha, anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi zayambika mitundu yosavuta zovuta zambiri. Koma ngati chirichonse chinali akusuntha mu mzere woongoka, kuchokera komwe anachita ndi zosiyanasiyana zimenezi mitundu ndi anthu? Kufotokoza zodabwitsazi angakhale divergence ndi mgwirizano. Mu zamoyo, mfundo zimenezi zikuimira makhalidwe zosiyanasiyana mitundu.

chiphunzitso makamaka zamoyo zinachita

Chiphunzitso yaikulu ya kusinthika kwa zamoyo padziko lathuli, limene anthu amapereka mwa sayansi - ndi zamoyo zinachita kusintha. Woyamba wa malamulo ake ndi malamulo amene anakonza m'zaka XVII. Kumafuna njira yaitali kusintha chibadwidwe zamoyo ndi mlingo qualitatively latsopano.

chiphunzitso ikukhudza chitukuko cha zamoyo, kuchokera losavuta kwa akalumikidzidwa zovuta kwambiri, amene anali limodzi ndi masinthidwe chibadwa, zimasintha, ndi kutha kwa mapangidwe mitundu. chiphunzitso Modern zachokera maganizo a Charles Darwin achibadwa deta Kusankha ndi anthu chibadwa pa masinthidwe, kulowerera chibadwa, kusintha mafurikwense allele.

Evolution akusonyeza pamaso pa zamoyo wamba muzu kuchokera komwe anayamba kukula. Pankhaniyi kopanda chimodzi kapena awiri makolo optionally. Asayansi amanena kuti makolo a zamoyo angakhale, koma iwo onse a magulu zimakhalira pachibale.

The regularities waukulu kusanduka amene atuluka ndi mgwirizano ndi divergence. Mu zamoyo, zitsanzo ndi mbali njira amenewa Charlz Darvin. Dziwani zambiri za likuimira, fotokozani pansipa.

Divergence mu zamoyo

Ndi Latin mawu otanthauza "zikusiyana" ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati za chibadwa. Divergence mu zamoyo zikutanthauza pakutchulidwa zizindikiro kusiyana pakati pa zamoyo. Pakati pake penipeni ndi osakhalitsa multidirectional choti mukukhala anthu atengere m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Zikuoneka kusintha mbali zina za thupi kapena matupi ndi kupeza mbali ya mbali zatsopano ndi mphamvu. Divergence mu zamoyo - chodabwitsa wamba. Zikuoneka chifukwa cha kusankha zamoyo, ndiko kuti, kulimbana kukhalapo. Zizindikiro kupeza kumachepetsa mpikisano - lililonse anthu atsopano zingatenge kagawo kakang'ono ake zachilengedwe, popanda okhudza mitundu ina. Komanso kumachitika chifukwa cha payekha.

Divergence angayambe pa mlingo wa mitundu, mtundu, banja ndi gulu. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo Mwachitsanzo, makalasi anawagawa nyama makoswe, carnivores, Proboscidea, m'madzi zimakhala, anyani, ndi mayunitsi ena. Nawonso, anasiyana m'magulumagulu, amene amasiyana kunja ndi mkati kapangidwe.

Divergences mu zamoyo: Zitsanzo

Divergence kumabweretsa chakuti pali osiyana mu kapangidwe ka zinthu za yemweyo taxonomic gulu. Komabe, iwo ali ndi zifukwa wamba, kusintha ziwalo kuchita ntchito yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, makutu ndi makutu, koma ena ali kwambiri elongated, anamaliza pa ena, mapiko a mbalame ena lalifupi, ena yaitali.

Chitsanzo chabwino ndi mu mawonekedwe a nthambi za nyama. mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iwo akusiyana malingana akafuna moyo ndi malo okhala. Choncho, yoteroyo mphaka ndi mapadi zofewa ndi Kanyaniko yaitali ndi makina zala nthambi yosangalatsa, pa mkango nyanja kusanduka zipsepse, ng'ombe - ziboda. Pofuna kumvetsa ndi divergence mu zamoyo, angakhale chitsanzo cha whiteflies. Agulugufe za banja amadyetsedwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana pa siteji mbozi: wina kudya kabichi, ena - mpiru, lachitatu - beetroot, etc ..

Zomera zikusiyana zizindikiro anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a masamba. Kumeneko anakhala nkhadze spines zayambika barberry singano. Komanso divergence inachokera ku mlingo wa chitetezo cha mizu. Ena zomera ndi muzu suckers, mbatata ndi tuber, beetroot ndi kaloti akuwonjezeka makulidwe ndipo inasanduka mizu.

mgwirizano

Ngati divergence ndi khalidwe la zinthu zokhudzana, ndi mgwirizano, Mosiyana, zimawonedwa mu magulu akutali. Izo kumaonekera kufanana kwa makhalidwe zamoyo zosiyanasiyana mwadongosolo. Monga divergence anaonekera chifukwa cha kusankha zamoyo, koma mu nkhani iyi izi umalimbana mofanana pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayunitsi, ndi zina zotero. D.

Zinyama ndi zomera, amene ali a makalasi chosiyana, kukhala ofanana mu dongosolo ndi ntchito za Authority. Ichi ndi chifukwa malo ambiri kapena kufanana kwa moyo. Koma kufanana yawo athandize thupi lonse, mgwirizano amakhudza yekha mabungwe anthu ofunika kuti azolowere zinthu zina.

Choncho, nyama adutsa mlengalenga, ndi mapiko. Koma ena akhoza zokhudzana ndi tizilombo, ndi zina - kuti inakhala. zamoyo za m'madzi ndi streamlined mawonekedwe thupi, ngakhale kuti kwenikweni zokhudzana ndi mzake.

zitsanzo mgwirizano

Mawonekedwe a anamgumiwa thupi, zinsomba ndi nsomba - ndi mgwirizano lililonse. Chifukwa kufanana kunja ndi nsombazo gulu la anamgumi amitundu monga mamembala a nsomba yoyamba. Kenako anasonyeza kuti - nyama monga kupuma kuwala, amabadwa mwa kubadwa moyo ndi kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zina.

Monga mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano zikhoza kuchepetsedwa mapiko mileme, mbalame ndi tizilombo. Kupezeka kwa matupi awa chifukwa cha njira ya moyo wa nyama zomwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi ndege. Mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka mapiko iwo ali kwenikweni osiyana.

Chitsanzo china - pamaso pa makutu nsomba ndi nkhono. Nthawi zina mgwirizano kumaonekera pakalibe aliyense wa matupi. Choncho, pa zisumbu chiphala anthu agulugufe wingless, ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina.