America South: mpumulo, mapangidwe ake ndi chi mitunda

Wapadera akuphatikizapo Geological ali, popanda yekha, ndi m'maiko monse padziko lathuli, kuphatikizapo America South. Mpumulo wa m'dera lagawidwa pawiri: lamapiri, mosabisa, ndi matendawa, chachikulu. Chifukwa ili dongosolo la matanthwe a , Africa umenewu wakhala greenest pa dziko ndi ambiri lonyowa, koma mu kufanana ndi nkhalango zotentha apa pali kwambiri louma chipululu zigwa ndi chofewa chili pamwamba nsonga ndi lalitali kwambiri. Chabwino, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zimene mtunda mu America South komanso mmene zikugwirizanirana ndi nyengo ya m'derali.

Nthaka komanso maziko ake

Amadziwika kuti maziko a malo onse a dziko lapansi amapanga ndi lithosphere mbale. M'madera ena, iwo mogwirizana, potero kupanga maganizo a. Mu alipo, n'kupanga mapiri ndi zitunda. zodabwitsazi si popanda, ndi America South. Relief Africa akhoza kugawidwa mu East ndi West. Woyamba ankayimiridwa ngati mapiri ndi zigwa za youma, chachiwiri - yothandizira kumveka lowland m'madera.

Chifukwa kusiyana ndi nkhani lapansi mapangidwe. La kum'mawa kwa Africa la wokalamba lathyathyathya nsanja wosasunthika. Kumadzulo ili pamphambano mbale chokhala ndi zikuluzikulu amene akadali ngati akukankha mzake. Monsemo mnjira, iwo anapanga ndi kupitiriza kupanga Andes - motalikitsa mapiri mu dziko. Ndizachidziwikire kuti mpumulo wa America South kumadzulo aumbike kutali. Mapiri mosalekeza limatuluka monga zivomezi ndi njira chiphala sindileka.

East ndi kumveka ake

Izi m'dera Geological ali mbali yaikulu ya kumtunda America South. Thandizo apa, monga tanena kale, anapanga mabiliyoni zaka zapitazo, ndipo tsopano ali mwamphamvu pa limodzi lithospheric mbale, amene ali seismically khola. Ambiri, kum'mawa kwa Africa ndi mbali zisanu. Mbali yaikulu ya gawo kulamulidwa ndi Brazil ndi Guiana okwera. Iwo ili matabwa a South America mbale. Pa mbale komanso ali otsika atatu: La Plata, Amazon ndi Orinoco. Last mpumulo chigawo chimodzi - Patagonia. Izi yachonde sitepe, lomwe likutuluka ndi kutalika kwa 2000 m. Iwo lili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, mu malo a Argentina.

Nyengo ya zigwa kum'mawa

Landforms la America South la kum'mawa ndi moti panalibe mapiri kapena zitunda mkulu kumeneko. Chifukwa mphepo ndi zowononga ku Atlantic kudutsa momasuka m'dziko, kuthirira mvula, mphoto chifunga ndi mitambo yambiri.

Pamwamba malowa ndi otsika-kuthamanga dera lomwe "kudyetsa" Atlantic malonda mphepo. Chifukwa, pazipita ndiye kugwa mu mvula dziko. Chifukwa cha iwo, ndi Amazon mtsinje bedi, mtsinje waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse, ndi zonse madzi. Ndipo amacheza ndi moti nkhalango zotentha anthu zobiriwira wapadera.

Kapangidwe ka West

gawo ili la Africa ndi yopapatiza, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ngati anatambasula kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Iye akadali kupangidwa, chifukwa pano pafupifupi chaka, zivomezi, ndi pa zaka 10-15 mapiri zimatha kuyambitsa. Apa, kukhazikitsa ndi ku America South angathe kugawidwa mmagawo awiri: Andes mapiri ndi zigwa za Atacama chipululu. Akuchedwa osiyanasiyana ndi makilomita 9000 - ndi Alevi dziko. The chimbuzi ndi phiri Aconcagua, kutalika kwake - mamita 6962. osiyanasiyana Izi si okulira, komanso chotchinga kwa Pacific zowononga. Ozizira mphepo ndi mafunde Antarctic kuti kudali apa, kufika okha mapiri a Atacama, osati kulandira zambiri Africa lapansi.

deta nyengo

Andes kutenga lonse kumadzulo gombe la kumtunda America South. The mtunda ndi chidagawika patatu: North, Center ndi South. Choyamba mwa zinthuzi ndi onyowa - apa mumlengalenga zazikulu osachepera. Pachaka mpweya zina ukufika 7000 mm, pamene pafupifupi - 4000 mm. The gawo pakati pa Andes lonse ambiri (mpaka 500 km), ndiyeno kuthamanga kwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuchuluka. Kuchuluka kwa mvula chaka - mpaka 1500 mm, nthawi zina chilala kwa mamilimita 500. Kutentha akutsikira monga akuthwa pa mapazi, woyendera nthambi ya malamba mkulu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pafupi pali Atacama - m'chipululu kwambiri louma mu dziko. M'madera ena a mvula ake ndi chifunga kale zaka 400. Kumwera Andes driest. kusiyana kutentha pazipita kuno, ndipo nthawizina kufika madigiri 40. Chamvula - 250 mm.

Mitunda America South

Kapangidwe Geological a kontinenti iliyonse wonse Mzimuyo nyama ndi zomera zake, amalenga malo. Mitunda kuti tingapeze mu South America, ndi amazipanga osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kulikonse Africa ichi ndi wapadera chifukwa kwina kukongola koteroko kulibe.

Choncho, kum'mawa gombe, amene atsukidwa ndi Atlantic Ocean - mosamala mumbali gombe. Pang'onopang'ono, asamukire ku mapiri ang'onoang'ono (a lililonse Mwachitsanzo - Rio de Janeiro). Mfundo zina Africa kwathunthu mosabisa mtunda (Buenos Aires). Pakati pa mlingo Africa yafupika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe malo amenewa ndi mitsinje yambiri. Izi wotchuka South America m'nkhalango ndi Amazon. West zikuoneka ngati mapiri ataliatali okutidwa ndi chisanu ndi oundana osatha. Pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja ya Pacific iwo kupita mapiri, kumene dziko kwenikweni losweka kwa zaka chilala. maphompho pano kawirikawiri utoto thanthwe, lomwe m'chaka anaphimba masamba ndi maluwa, ndipo m'chilimwe nayenso thando mphepo.

zotsatira

Ife mwachidule ankaona, iye ali, thandizo la America South. Kalasi 7 - nthawi imene ana akuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la mayiko osiyanasiyana a dziko lathuli. Kotero kuti iwo aphunzira zinthu, kupereka fanizo yabwino kwa chigawo chilichonse payekha m'dzikoli, kotero kuti ubongo kusonkhana zambiri zithunzi zithunzi.